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Acknowledgments “Today is Very Boring” from THE NEW KID ON THE BLOCK by Jack Prelutsky Text Copyright © 1984 by Jack Prelutsky. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. “The Family Car” by Tom Absher from PEELING THE ONION, An Anthology of Poems selected by Ruth Gordon, published by A Charlotte Zolotow book, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers Copyright © 1993. Original copyright © 1985 by Monitor Book Company. Reprinted by permission of Monitor Book Company. “Instructions for Earth’s Dishwasher” by Lisa Westberg Peters from EARTHSHAKE, POEMS FROM THE GROUND UP Copyright © 2003 published by Greenwillow Books, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers. Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. “Eletelephony” from TARRA LIRA by Laura E. Richards. Copyright © 1930, 1932 by Laura Richards; copyright © renewed 1960 by Hamilton Richards. Reprinted by permission of Little Brown and Company. “Roller Coaster” from THE KITE THAT BRAVED OLD ORCHARD BEACH by X.J. Kennedy. Reprinted with the permission of Simon and Schuster Children’s Publishing Division. “No More Water” from THE ALIENS HAVE LANDED AT OUR SCHOOL! Text copyright © by Kenn Nesbitt published by Meadowbrook Press. Used by permission. Photography Credits Book Cover: (c) John Lund/Sam Diephuis/Blend Images; (tr) Corbis/Premium RF/Alamy Contributor © Time Inc. All rights reserved. Versions of some articles in this edition of TIME For Kids originally appeared in TIME For Kids or timeforkids.com. B Published by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, of McGraw-Hill Education, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Two Penn Plaza, New York, New York 10121. Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Printed in The United States of America ISBN: 978-0-02-207795-2 MHID: 0-02-207795-2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 WEB 13 12 11 10 09
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Contents Issue 1 Main Idea and Details • Prefixes • Bar Graphs Dollars and Sense Small Loans Make a Big Difference ............... 6 Class Safari....................................................... 8 Temperatures of Cities in Kenya CHARTS ....... 12 A journey to Africa teaches kids about this fascinating nation. (c) Frans Lanting/Minden Pictures; (tr) Farjana K. Godhuly/AFP/Getty Images A3TFK_TXNA_I1FP_RD11.indd 5 1/20/09 12:28:12 PM Issue 2 Cause and Effect • Unknown Words • Maps Making Maps Two Maps: One New, One Old...................... 14 GreenGreenGreenGreen Machine!Machine!Machine!Machine! Learning with Laptops................................... 16 A free laptopis changing theway kids aroundthe world learn. All-American Tall Tales MAPS ....................... 20 (c) AFP/Getty Images; (tr) Geography and Map Division/Library of Congress A3TFK_TXNA_I2FP_RD11.indd 13 1/23/09 1:29:30 PM Issue 3 Main Idea and Details • Synonyms Light • Photos and Captions Building Sunlight and Shadow.................................... 22 Great Ball of Fire ........................................... 24 (c) Detlev van Ravenswaay/Photo Researchers; (tr) Global Image Express/Li Jiangsong/NewscomScientists learn new facts about the sun. Today Is Very Boring POETRY ......................... 28 A3TFK_TXNA_I3FP_RD11.indd 21 1/20/09 12:29:57 PM Issue 4 Compare and Contrast • Context Clues A Rich • Skimming and Scanning Legacy A Lifetime of Treasures................................. 30 LadyLady Open Liberty! ................................................ 32 LLibertyiberty The Statue of Liberty welcomes visitorsand immigrants to America. Let’s Celebrate! TABLES .................................. 36 (c) Michel Setboun/Corbis; (tr) Marissa Roth/The New York Times/Redux A3TFK_TXNA_I4FP_RD11.indd 29 1/20/09 12:31:59 PM
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Issue 5 Make and Confirm Predictions • Suffixes Cars Are “Celling” • Charts The Car of the Future?.................................. 38 Wild Rides ...................................................... 40 New roller coasters (c) Tony Dejak/AP Images; (tr) Kyodo News/Newscom are bigger, faster,and scarier than ever. The Family Car POETRY ................................... 44 A3TFK_TXNA_I5FP_RD11.indd 37 1/20/09 12:32:45 PM Issue 6 Sequence • Compound Words • Maps Great Gulf Coast Life on the Gulf ............................................. 46 Building a Tsunami Warning System ........... 48 Instructions for Earth’s Dishwasher POETRY . 52 A tsunami warning system may save lives. (c) Lana Slivar/Reuters/Corbis; (tr) George H.H. Huey/Corbis A3TFK_TXNA_I6FP_RD11.indd 45 1/23/09 1:32:16 PM Issue 7 Draw Conclusions • Context Clues • Graphs Gates Is Generous Legacy of Dreams.......................................... 54 A Helping Hand............................................. 56 Top 5 U.S. Foundations GRAPHS .................... 60 Businesses help people make their dreams come true. (c) Ariel Skelley/Getty Images; (tr) Gates Foundation/Corbis A3TFK_TXNA_I7FP_RD11.indd 53 1/23/09 1:33:03 PM Issue 8 Main Idea and Details • Context Clues Friends • Time Lines of Freedom Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass ... 62 American Indian Nations.............................. 64 (c) Bowers Museum of Cultural Art/Corbis; (tr) The Granger CollectionInside the United States arehundreds of independent nations. Mary Youngblood TIME LINES ......................... 68 A3TFK_TXNA_I8FP_RD11.indd 61 1/23/09 2:04:11 PM
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Issue 9 Author’s Purpose • Context Clues • Maps Mysterious Pyramids! This Flower Stinks ......................................... 70 Secret at the Heart of a Pyramid.................. 72 Not all flowers are sweet. Take a whiff of the world’ssmelliest bloom. Eletelephony POETRY ..................................... 76 (c) Scott Barbour/Getty Images; (tr) Michael T. Sedam/Corbis A3TFK_TXNA_I9FP_RD11.indd 69 1/26/09 12:02:55 PM Issue 10 Author’s Purpose • Context Clues Teen • Photos and Captions EMTs Teens to the Rescue! .................................... 78 Long Live the Emperor! ................................ 80 (c) Koji Sasahara/Wide World Photos/AP Images; (tr) LEGOPrince Hisahito could one day become Emperor of Japan. Mighty Monarchs MAPS ................................ 84 A3TFK_TXNA_I10FP_RD11.indd 77 1/28/09 11:40:45 AM Issue 11 Draw Conclusions • Context Clues • Diagrams Kids Give a Hand Freedom Fighter ............................................ 86 Surf’s Up! ....................................................... 88 RWaveide the Roller Coaster POETRY .................................... 92 ide the Learn about the science behind surfing. It may keep you afloat! (c) Sylvain Cazenave/Corbis; (tr) Tom Hanson/Wide World Photos/AP Images A3TFK_TXNA_I11FP_RD11.indd 85 1/23/09 2:05:55 PM Issue 12 Author’s Purpose • Context Clues • Time Lines The Final Frontier Where No People Had Gone Before............. 94 Mysterious Mars ............................................ 96 All Eyes How Spirit Landed DIAGRAMS ....................... 100 on Mars NASA spacecraft are giving us the closest looks ever of the Red Planet. (c) NASA; (tr) Bettmann/Corbis A3TFK_TXNA_I12FP_RD11.indd 93 1/30/09 9:22:40 AM
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Issue 13 Cause and Effect • Context Clues • Charts Water Troubles Water Troubles............................................. 102 Kilauea volcano in Kaboom! Volcanoes Are a Threat............... 104 Hawaii has been erupting almost nonstop since 1983. No More Water POETRY ................................ 108 New tools are helping to predict when volcanoes will blow. (c) Jim Sugar/Corbis; (tr) Rao Guojun/China Foto/Getty Images A3TFK_TXNA_I13FP_RD11.indd 101 1/30/09 9:23:18 AM Issue 14 Sequence • Context Clues • Maps Inca Mummies Welcome to India ..........................................110 Faces From the Past .......................................112 The Inca Empire MAPS ...................................116 Big Country! Explore the success and challenges of the world’s largest democracy. (c) Chris Nash/Getty Images; (tr) Osvaldo Stigliano/Wide World Photos/AP Images A3TFK_TXNA_I14FP_RD11.indd 109 1/30/09 3:49:32 PM Issue 15 Cause and Effect • Homophones • Diagrams Dead Zones Trouble in the Ocean .....................................118 One Giant Squid! .......................................... 120 Tsunemi Kuboderatakes the first photosof the ocean giants. How Diamonds Form DIAGRAMS ................... 124 (c) Franck Robichon/EPA/Corbis; (tr) Robert Simmon/NASA A3TFK_TXNA_I15FP_RD11.indd 117 1/30/09 1:00:47 PM
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Dollars and Sense A journey to Africa teaches kids about this fascinating nation. (c) Frans Lanting/Minden Pictures; (tr) Farjana K. Godhuly/AFP/Getty Images
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Farjana K. Godhuly/AFP/Getty Images Microcredit offers a chance to succeed. Muhammad Yunus won the by Lorin Driggs Nobel Peace Prize. Muhammad Yunus and the Loans Help Poor Escape Poverty Grameen Bank help bring millions of people out of poverty. In 1983, Yunus founded Grameen Yunus is from Bangladesh. He Bank. It loans small amounts of founded the Grameen Bank to help money to people to start businesses. his community. Yunus wanted to These loans are called “microcredit.” give the poor the power to change They are given to people who are their lives for the better. unable to get loans from regular banks. Most microcredit loans are very small, around $130. Most of the Small Loans, Big Gains borrowers are women. This is odd Since Muhammad Yunus founded because women do not usually have Grameen Bank in 1983, the bank’s jobs or run businesses in Bangladesh. size and impact in Bangladesh have grown. This graph tells the story. Then and Now at Grameen Banke a d o at G a ee a Key Percentage of 46 In 1983 borrowers that are female 97 Now Number of 1,249 villages served 83,178 Number of 86 bank branches 2,530 0 100 500 1,000 2,500 5,000 10,000 30,000 60,000 90,000 6 • Time For Kids
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Yunus’s idea caught on. Microcredit is now available in more than 100 countries, including the United States. With their microcredit loans, millions of people have brought themselves and their families out of poverty. One woman in Bangladesh borrowed $120 to buy a cow. A year later she had repaid the loan and bought chickens. Nine years later she moved from a shack to a brick house and owned land. In the United States, a microcredit loan of $2,500 helped Nicholas Pitt/Getty Images an unemployed woman to open In Bangladesh microcredit a day-care center. is helping some people start strong businesses. Yunus didn’t stop with the Grameen Bank. He started a company to provide cell phone service in rural areas. Another business makes solar panels in areas where there These Bangladeshi women is no electricity. Yunus has also started are receiving loans from the Grameen Bank. a food company and an eye hospital. Since the Grameen Bank began, it has lent over $5.72 billion. In 2006, Yunus won the Nobel Peace Prize, one of the biggest honors in the world. Microcredit loans may be small, but their impact on the world is very big. Philippe Lissac/Godong/Corbis Issue 1 • 7
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Class Safari A teacher from Kenya takes his American students back home. Danuta Otfinowski It’s an early wake-up call for ↑ “I feel like teachers are role models. Just like the elders in my village,” C.J. Queenan. It’s 5:00 A.M.! says Joseph Lekuton. He is wearing C.J. doesn’t get up that early at Masai clothes and is surrounded by his students. home in Virginia. Well, maybe to eat breakfast once in a while but never to herd cows! But C.J. Yes, it’s a tough job for a 14- isn’t at home. He is in Africa, year-old from Virginia, but C.J. on the plains of Kenya. He is sticks it out. He wants to keep visiting the Masai people. He is up with the Masai tribesmen. helping them with their cattle. “The Masai can’t call people on C.J. even carries a spear to keep cell phones to rescue them when the lions away. they get tired,” C.J. says. 8 • Time For Kids
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Dividing the Land Many Kenyans travel from place to place to feed their cattle. They also farm the land. What Land Is Used For This graph shows how land in Kenya is used. 100% C.J.’s trek to Africa isn’t a vacation. It’s part of classes at Langley School. 75% C.J.’s teacher is Joseph Lekuton. He is a member of Africa’s Masai tribe of 50% 37% Kenya. Every summer Lekuton takes 30% 25% some of his students and their parents 25% on a two-week trip to his homeland. 7% 1% 0% Kenya is a whole new world for the kids from Virginia. When they get there, the American kids put on Masai Permanent pastures Permanent crop clothing. Boys herd cattle. Girls collect Land that can be used for farming firewood and water. Families depend on their cattle. As a result, the Masai Forests and woodlands and the students have to move a lot Other, including cities The World Factbook so the cattle have grass to eat. Masai tribesmen get students ready for a cattle drive. It will go across African grasslands. ↓ philipkent.com • 9 Issue 1
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Top 5 African Countries for Tourists South The graph shows the countries in Africa most Africa 7.51 visited by tourists in 2005. million Tunisia 7.1 Cows to the Rescue million Back in the United States, Kenya is on Morocco 5.84 million the minds of the students at Langley School all year. Droughts have killed Zimbabwe many cattle in Kenya, so the students 1.55 million created Cows for Kids. The money they raise buys cows for Masai Swaziland = 1 million 0.83 million tourists herders. Each cow costs about $100. “One cow means more to the health Source: World Tourism Organization, 2006 of a family than cash,” says Lekuton. “Here we’re really giving life. A cow will give a child milk every day.” Every time Lekuton sees a little boy herding cows, he thinks, “How can I help make his life better?” ↓ Danuta Otfinowski 10 • Time For Kids
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Giraffes can run as fast as 32 miles an hour. Who will win this race? → Lekuton wants to help people in his homeland—and in his new home. “I’m just trying to give my students a different way of thinking,” says Lekuton. He says helping the Masai is just one step. He hopes the kids will discover ways to help those in the United States who need it, too. Yann Arthus-Bertrand/Corbis Welcome to Kenya The Masai is one of 40 tribes that live in Kenya. Those 40 Masai girls wear tribes speak more than 30 languages. The Kikuyu is Kenya’s colorful clothing and largest tribe. The Luo is another group. U.S. President Barack beaded jewelry. ↓ Obama’s father is Luo. Many of the people are fishers. They are also great storytellers. The lands of Kenya are as different as the tribes. There are wide grasslands in Kenya. The country also has deserts and forests. Thousands of people visit Kenya each year. Most of them go on safari. A safari is a special kind of trip. It gives people the chance to look at animals in nature. People who visit Kenya take their cameras along. They return home with photos of elephants, lions, giraffes, and zebras! Jim Zuckerman/Corbis • 11• 11 Issue 1Issue 1
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The climate of Kenya is tropical. That means it is warm most Key 5. Mandera of the year. The coast of Kenya Capital is humid. The inner part of the 4. Lodwar country is cooler. The north is very dry. These are the Kenya average temperatures of major Kenyan cities. 3. Eldoret Maximum Minimum 2. Nairobi City Height Temperature Temperature (feet) (°F) (°F) 1. Mombasa 55 86 72 1. Mombasa Joe Lemonnier 2. Nairobi 5,449 77 56 3. Eldoret 10,121 74 49 4. Lodwar 1,660 95 74 5. Mandera 1,660 94 78 Jon Warburton Lee/Getty Images 12
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Making Maps GreenGreenGreenGreen Machine!Machine!Machine!Machine! A free laptop is changing the way kids around the world learn. (c) AFP/Getty Images; (tr) Geography and Map Division/Library of Congress
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Two Maps:Two Maps:Two Maps:Two Maps: One New, One OldOne New, One OldOne New, One OldOne New, One Old Maps help people describe the world. Look at the two maps on these pages. One is more than 200 years old. The other is from today. They both show North America. North America is a continent, Central Intelligence Agency/Library of Congress Geography and Map Division or a large body of land. The United States is part of North America. So are Canada and Mexico. Modern Map Take a look at this map. It is a modern map of North America. Find the edges of the United States. The edge of a country is called a boundary. What are the names of the two countries that touch the United States? One is Canada. One is Mexico. What bodies of water are at the edges of the United States? ↑ Today, mapmakers use technology (Bodies of water can be oceans, to help them create maps. gulfs, lakes, or rivers.) On the East Coast is the Atlantic Ocean. To the south is the Gulf of Mexico. To the west is the Pacific Ocean. 14 • Time For Kids
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Detlev van Ravenswaay/Photo Researchers Making Maps Cartography is different now than it was 200 years ago because of technology. Satellites orbit Earth. They take pictures and gather information about landforms. As a result, mapmakers use this information to help them make maps. They also use computers to measure and draw accurately. Library of Congress Geography and Map Division Old Map Take a look at this map. It was made in 1804. That’s more than 200 years ago. Use your finger to trace the boundaries of the United States on this map. Which of these 1804 boundaries is a boundary of the United States today? The Atlantic Ocean is still a boundary today. There are some important differences between the modern map and the old map. One important difference is the size of the United States. It is much larger now. This is becaues the ↑ This map from 1804 was drawn by hand. boundaries of the United States have changed. It now stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. — Susan Moger Issue 2 • 15
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Learning with Laptops C By Jill Egan an a green machine help the world’s poorest kids learn better? Nicholas Negroponte thinks so. He and his team of scientists have invented a new type of computer. As a result, many children who live in poverty will have their very own laptop computer! Negroponte works at a university. He started a group called One Laptop Per Child (OLPC). It is a nonprofit organization. The people at OLPC don’t work for money. They work to help children learn. OLPC makes computers that don’t cost a lot. Then they sell the machines to governments of countries that have many people living in poverty. The governments then give the computers to kids for free. The low price means millions of kids can receive a laptop. William B. Plowman/Wide World Photos/AP Images Nicholas Negroponte with his laptop → 16 • Time For Kids
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Fun Features A teacher helps a student using the XO laptop ↓ The XO laptop computers are made for school-aged children in developing nations. Many of these children live in remote areas and go to schools with outdoor classrooms. In order to work, the laptops have to be durable and student- friendly. The machines have many fun features like a built-in video camera, voice recording, and games. The wireless network lets students share information on the Web, edit work, and read e-books. They also can make music and chat with friends. Marcelo Hernandez/Wide World Photos/AP Images Another great feature Because of these features the is the battery. It can be hand XO laptops make learning charged by a crank, pedal, fun while helping the or pull cord. It also can be environment. recharged by attaching to a solar panel. The crank makes the machine very resourceful. (bkgd)Tomi/PhotoLink/Getty Images Issue 2 • 17
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Colorful Computers The laptops have a colorful nickname—“the green machine.” Negroponte thinks his green machines could make a difference in the lives of millions of kids. He says, “Every single problem you can think of—poverty, peace, the environment—is solved with education.” One Laptop Per Child OLPC plans to give out over ten million computers in the next few years. Kids in Thailand, Nigeria, Brazil, and Argentina will get most of them. China and Egypt also want to take part in the program. After that, Negroponte hopes to sell computers to other countries with high poverty. Once the kids get them, they can start cranking away! Because of OLPC, every student in Villa Cardal, Uruguay, owns an XO laptop. ↓ Marcelo Hernandez/Wide World Photos/AP Images 18 • Time For Kids
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