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3.3.2 Star Tracks AUTHOR’S PURPOSE SUMMARIZE SUMMARY This nonfiction book provides R EAD TH E BOO K information about constellations and celestial SET PURPOSE Have students set a purpose for navigation and shows how scientists explain reading Star Tracks. Students’ interest and and study nature. The book gives a history of curiosity about stars and celestial navigation how sailors navigated by the stars, leading can guide this purpose. As students read, to the invention of the telescope. Students suggest they take down notes that might are also introduced to important astronomers provide answers to any questions they might such as Galileo, Sir Isaac Newton, and George have about the subject. Hale, the inventor of the Hubble telescope. STRATEGY SUPPORT: SUMMARIZE To give LESSON VOCABULARY students more support in summarizing, ask astronomers celestial navigation them to summarize the previous school year constellations dead reckoning or their summer vacation. Remind students galaxy latitude that as they read, they can take notes that light-year quadrant summarize what they are reading and give refractive telescope clues to the author’s purpose in writing the story. INTRO D UCE TH E BOO K COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS INTRODUCE THE TITLE AND AUTHOR Introduce PAGE 7 Why is the North Star so important students to the title and the author of Star for celestial navigation? (It is always found by Tracks. Based on the title, ask students looking north.) what kind of information they think this book will provide. Ask: Are you familiar with the PAGES 10–11 Summarize how early explorers instrument the girl on the cover photograph used the stars to navigate. (Early explorers is using? How does the title of the book give depended on the sun and on the stars. Then you clues to what she is doing? they used dead reckoning to measure their course.) BUILD BACKGROUND Ask students if they have ever looked through a telescope or seen PAGE 13 Summarize why it’s difficult to depend any of the photographs from the Hubble on the quadrant to navigate. (The North Star telescope. Then discuss with students if they is sometimes hidden by clouds; the horizon can and their family have ever gotten lost and be difficult to find in the dark; ocean waves what signposts they might have looked for to make it difficult to hold a quadrant steady.) help them find their way. Tell students that by What do you think the author’s reading this book, they can find out about how PAGE 16 people navigate using the stars. purpose is in telling you that Galileo was not at first believed? (to express the notion that PREVIEW/USE ILLUSTRATIONS Suggest students because people do not believe something does skim the text and look at the illustrations not mean that it is not true) and captions. Ask: What clues do these text elements give as to what this book might be about? 56 Star Tracks
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TALK ABO UT TH E BOO K Skill Work READER RESPONSE 1. Possible response: The author’s purpose TEACH/REVIEW VOCABULARY was to explain how important stars are in Review the vocabulary words. Then, the universe and what people have done to to reinforce their definitions, make a find out more about them. “vocabulary star map.” Create two five- 2. Galileo built a powerful telescope. He proved pointed stars with a vocabulary word at each Copernicus’s theory that the sun is the cen- point. Have students write the meanings of ter of the universe. He used his telescope to the words along the lines of the stars. When learn more about the planets and the stars. students are finished, have them cut out 3. Possible responses: television, telephone, their stars and hang them in a “vocabulary telethon. Sentences will vary. constellation” on a bulletin board. 4. The picture shows that you need to place your eye up against the sextant in order to Give students a list of definitions make it work. and have them match the definition with the correct vocabulary word. EXTEND UNDERSTANDING Remind students that cause is why something happened and effect TARGET SKILL AND STRATEGY is what happened. Ask students to write down AUTHOR’S PURPOSE Remind students the causes of celestial navigation in one that an author’s purpose is the reason an column and the effects in another column. author writes a story, such as to inform, to entertain, to express, or to persuade. Invite RESPONSE OPTIONS students to discuss why they think an author WRITING Ask students to imagine that they are might write about the stars. Ask: What do Galileo and are making a short commercial you think the author might like you to know? trying to persuade people that the moon is bumpy. Have students write a short script and SUMMARIZE Remind students that act it out for the class. summarizing is retelling the main idea of a story in a few sentences. To practice the SCIENCE CONNECTION skill, give students short paragraphs to Hand out drawing paper summarize. on which dots for Orion and Leo are drawn. Invite students ADDITIONAL SKILL INSTRUCTION to create their own constellation FACT AND OPINION Remind students that a pictures for these groups of stars. Then statement of fact can be proven true, and a suggest they do more research on the statement of opinion is someone’s view and constellations and write a few lines about can be true or not true. To give students them on the bottom of their drawings. practice, give them several sentences, some fact and some opinion, and have them mark each as such. Then have students write their own statements of fact and opinion about a topic they choose. Star Tracks 57
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Name Star Tracks Author’s Purpose • The author’s purpose is the reason or reasons an author has for writing. • An author may have one or more reasons for writing. He or she may want to inform, to entertain, to persuade, or to express a mood or feeling. Directions Reread Star Tracks. Then answer the questions about author’s purpose below. 1. Why do you think the author began this reader by describing driving to a soccer match when you don’t know the way? 2. Why did the author include a passage about Columbus? 3. What does the author want you to know about early explorers and the sky? 4. On page 10, why did the author want you to think about how the ocean looked at night? 5. What did the author want you to know about Galileo? © Pearson Education 3 58
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Name Star Tracks Vocabulary Directions The vocabulary words are hidden in the box of letters. Find and circle the words. Check the Words You Know astronomers celestial navigation constellations dead reckoning galaxy latitude light-year quadrant refractive telescope C O N S T E L L A T I O N S Q I N A E L O I C R Y R S M S L U P F M N X L A R C D L L A T I T U D E T K L P E J I T E U I M R P S P C R V C B U S L O E Y A G D O O T Y F I Z Y I D T P P L E L H E N E O T E R P O O E I L T E T A T T O P O R O M G F S A A Y L S T Y Y L M V D M K I S G Z D L E M C M E E E E S H A G E U A Z R N I U O S T A O R E F R A C T I V E A V W P A V R R S O M Y L L B D S C V V W E A V I Q U A D R A N T M R K I I U L S T R O O Z P I X T F A T O G V W J A V I R Z O M Y Y L S P W N A V W J A V I R O X M Y P L A D T I © Pearson Education 3 T J I T E U I M R P S P C R V C B N I L O U Y A G D O O T Y F I Z Y I G O P P R E L H E N E O T E R P O O N N L T E T A T T O P O R O M G F S G 59
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