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Whales and Other 3.3.4 Animal Wonders GENERALIZE ANSWER QUESTIONS SUMMARY This book introduces students to R EAD TH E BOO K the way in which scientists study animals, SET PURPOSE Draw on students’ natural especially whales. It also introduces readers interest in animals when asking them to set a to scientists’ findings about wolves and other purpose for reading the book. They may look canids, gorillas, chimps, and endangered at the cover and decide they want to know apes. more about one animal than another. Remind LESSON VOCABULARY them that nonfiction books often contain much canids cetacean information, so setting a purpose will help keep them focused as they read. echolocation flukes marine biologists primate STRATEGY SUPPORT: ANSWER QUESTIONS By sonar species asking your students questions before they read, you are helping them to learn more from INTRO D UCE TH E BOO K their reading. It also allows them to be more INTRODUCE THE TITLE AND AUTHOR Discuss with accurate in their understanding of the text. This students the title and the author of Whales accuracy aids a student’s ability to formulate and Other Animal Wonders. Ask students several facts or ideas into one generalization. why a book on animals might have the word wonders in its title. Allow them to discuss why COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS or why not animals can be called wonders. PAGE 5 Why do many scientists believe that human noise has much to do with why BUILD BACKGROUND Discuss students’ interest whales beach? (Human noise and the use of in how scientists approach animals. For submarine sonar have increased over the years, instance, marine biologists study why whales and the number of beached whales has also beach and how their system of echolocation increased.) works. Some scientists go to habitats and observe animals. PAGES 7, 19 What can be said about animals communicating? (Whales communicate by PREVIEW/USE TEXT FEATURES Encourage echolocation and clicking sounds; some gorillas students to look at the captions, sidebars, and chimps communicate with sounds and and charts to get a sense of what animals will gestures.) be covered in this book. As students look at the photos of the different animals, ask which PAGE 11 Why are there more coyotes today? of the animals they have seen. (As the number of wolves decreases, there are fewer to attack coyotes as prey, allowing Ask students who have had the oppor- coyotes to increase.) tunity to be around animals to volunteer to make up a radio script about these animals. PAGES 12–13 Why are scientists’ attempts The script should introduce young people to a to put wolves back into the United States scientist’s way of observing animals. working well? (Scientists are keeping track of where the wolves are; the wolves are reproducing in the wild.) 64 Whales and Other Animal Wonders
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R EVISIT TH E BOO K Skill Work READER RESPONSE 1. Responses will vary. TEACH/REVIEW VOCABULARY 2. Sometimes human activities interrupt As the students read this book, notice which whales echolocation. words they find most difficult or intriguing. 3. The two words are echo and location. Students interested in echolocation may Together, echolocation means using a sound want to research the subject and tell the to locate something. class more about scientists’ findings. Some 4. three baleen whales: blue, right, and students may be interested in the work of humpback whales marine biologists and can report on what it takes to be one. Others may research words EXTEND UNDERSTANDING As students research having to do with canids or other dog-like endangered species on the Internet and at animals. the library, suggest that they research animals that scientists have prevented from becoming TARGET SKILL AND STRATEGY extinct. Read about how scientists and other GENERALIZE Because this reader people, like us, helped this effort. presents a number of facts and examples about animals, students will need to RESPONSE OPTIONS organize the information in order to WRITING/SPEAKING Suggest that students generalize the topic. To express what think about what animal interests them the the animals have in common, students’ most. Have them research information from a generalizations should show likenesses section of the book and write two paragraphs by using clue words such as many, most, about that animal. Some students might generally, overall, etc. prefer to give an oral report in pairs on the topic they have researched. ANSWER QUESTIONS Remind students how important it is to let questions prompt SCIENCE CONNECTION them and to answer questions as they read. Invite students to make their This strategy helps them think actively own chart of animals and the about their reading. Questions help them aspects of them that scientists generalize and express the main ideas from study. Encourage students to find different the text that they read. ways that scientists study animals, such as observing how whales react to human sounds ADDITIONAL SKILL INSTRUCTION and teaching animals to communicate. Have AUTHOR’S PURPOSE Explain that author’s students look for ways that are different from purpose is the reason or reasons an author those suggested in the book. has for writing. Because every author’s goal is to communicate, authors often have more than one purpose for writing. Review with students the four typical reasons—to persuade, to inform, to entertain, and to express mood or feeling. Open a discussion by asking what two reasons the author of this book might have had in mind. (to inform, to entertain) Ask students to support their answers. Whales and Other Animal Wonders 65
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Name Animal Wonders Generalize • When authors present one statement about many ideas or people, they generalize. A generalization is a kind of conclusion. • Clue words such as all, many, none, and usually show a generalization. Directions For each generalization below, list two facts that support it. Use Whales and Other Animal Wonders to help you. • There are many ways a whale can end up beached. 1. 2. • Many human activities can cause whales to beach. 3. 4. • Imbalances in nature generally create problems. 5. 6. • Wolves and dogs have many similarities that make them good pets. 7. 8. • Many animals other than dogs make interesting pets. © Pearson Education 3 9. 10. 66
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Name Animal Wonders Vocabulary Directions Draw a line from each vocabulary word to its definition. Check the Words You Know canids cetacean echolocation flukes marine biologists primate sonar species 1. primate a. dog-like animals 2. species b. a marine animal that breathes 3. cetacean through a blowhole 4. flukes c. sending out waves to find objects 5. marine biologists d. halves of whale’s tail 6. canids e. a method for detecting sound underwater 7. sonar f. mammals that are among the most 8. echolocation intelligent beings on Earth g. scientists who study ocean plants and animals h. a system for classifying animals Directions Write a paragraph about whales using as many vocabulary words as possible. © Pearson Education 3 67
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