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Authors Altieri • Balka • Day • Gonsalves • Grace • Krulik Malloy • Molix-Bailey • Moseley • Mowry • Myren Price • Reynosa • Santa Cruz • Silbey • Vielhaber
资料内容
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About the Cover Located in the Piney Woods region of Texas, Tyler is known as the Rose Capital of America. It is also home to a popular 85-foot, 6-lane, wooden slot car track. The track is designed for 1:32 and 1:24 scale cars. You will learn more about ratios in Chapter 6. About the Graphics Colored Truchet bands. Created with Mathematica. A random 2D Truchet image is constructed. The connected arcs of the image are identified and randomly colored in a band-like manner. For more information, and for programs to construct such graphics, see: www.wolfram.com/r/textbook. Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior permission of the publisher. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240-4027 ISBN-13: 978-0-02-105657-6 ISBN-10: 0-02-105657-9 Printed in the United States of America. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 055/027 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06
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Start Smart Chapter 1 Place Value and Number Sense Chapter 2 Addition Chapter 3 Subtraction Chapter 4 Multiplication Concepts and Facts Chapter 5 More Multiplication Facts Chapter 6 Division Concepts and Facts Chapter 7 More Division Facts Chapter 8 Measurement: Customary System Chapter 9 Measurement: Metric System Chapter 10 Measurement and Geometry Chapter 11 Statistics: Data, Graphs, and Probability Chapter 12 Fractions Chapter 13 Fractions and Decimals Chapter 14 Multiply by One-Digit Numbers Chapter 15 Divide by One-Digit Numbers Standards Review Looking Ahead to Grade 4 iii
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Authors Mary Behr Altieri Don S. Balka Roger Day, Ph.D. Putnam/Northern Professor Emeritus Mathematics Department Chair Westchester BOCES Saint Mary’s College Pontiac Township High School Yorktown Heights, Notre Dame, Indiana Pontiac, Illinois New York Philip D. Gonsalves Ellen C. Grace Stephen Krulik Carol E. Malloy Mathematics Coordinator Consultant Mathematics Consultant Assistant Professor of Alameda County Office Albuquerque, Cherry Hill, New Jersey Mathematics Education of Education and New Mexico University of North California State Carolina at Chapel Hill University East Bay Chapel Hill, North Hayward, California Carolina Rhonda J. Molix-Bailey Lois Gordon Moseley Brian Mowry Mathematics Consultant Staff Developer Independent Math Educational Mathematics by Design NUMBERS: Mathematics Consultant/Part time Pre-K Desoto, Texas Professional Instructional Specialist Development Austin Independent School District Houston, Texas Austin, Texas iv Meet the Authors at ca.gr3math.com Doug Martin Photography
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Christina L. Myren Jack Price Mary Esther Reynosa Consultant Teacher Professor Emeritus Instructional Specialist for Conejo Valley Unified California State Elementary Mathematics School District Polytechnic University Northside Independent Thousand Oaks, California Pomona, California School District San Antonio, Texas Rafaela M. Santa Cruz Robyn Silbey Kathleen Vielhaber SDSU/CGU Doctoral Math Content Coach Mathematics Consultant Program in Education Montgomery County St. Louis, Missouri San Diego State University Public Schools San Diego, California Gaithersburg, Maryland Contributing Authors Viken Hovsepian Donna J. Long Dinah Zike Professor of Mathematics Mathematics, Consultant Educational Consultant Rio Hondo College Indianapolis, Indiana Dinah-Might Activities, Inc. Whittier, California San Antonio, Texas v Doug Martin Photography
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California Mathematics Advisory Board Glencoe wishes to thank the following professionals for their invaluable feedback during the development of the program. They reviewed the table of contents, the prototype of the Teacher Wraparound Edition, and the California Standards Review chapter. Cheryl L. Avalos William M. Bokesch Patty Brown Mathematics Consultant Rancho Bernardo High Teacher Retired Teacher School John Muir Elementary Hacienda Heights, California San Diego, California Fresno, California David J. Chamberlain Eppie Chung Lisa Marie Cirrincione Secondary Mathematics K-6 Teacher Middle School Teacher Resource Teacher Modesto City Schools Lincoln Middle School Capistrano Unified School Modesto, California Oceanside, California District San Juan Capistrano, California Carol Cronk Ilene Foster Grant A. Fraser, Ph. D. Mathematics Program Teacher Specialist– Professor of Mathematics Specialist Mathematics California State University, San Bernardino City Unified Pomona Unified School Los Angeles School District District Los Angeles, California San Bernardino, California Pomona, California vi File Photo
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Suzanne Bocskai Freire Beth Holguin Donna M. Kopenski, Ed. D. Kelly Mack Teacher Teacher Mathematics Coordinator K-5 6th Grade Teacher Kingswood Elementary Graystone Elementary City Heights Educational Captain Jason Dahl Citrus Heights, California San Jose, California Collaborative Elementary San Diego, California San Jose, California Juvenal Martinez John McGuire Dr. Donald R. Price Kasey St. James Dual Immersion/ESL Associate Principal Teacher, Adjunct Professor Mathematics Teacher Instructor Pacific Union School Rowland Unified School Sunny Hills High School Aeolian Elementary Arcata, California District Fullerton, California Whittier, California Rowland Heights, California Arthur K. Wayman, Ph. D. Beverly Wells Frances Basich Whitney Professor of Mathematics First Grade Teacher Project Director, Mathematics Emeritus Mineral King Elementary K-12 California State University, School Santa Cruz County Office of Long Beach Visalia, California Education Long Beach, California Capitola, California vii File Photo
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Consultants Macmillan/McGraw-Hill wishes to thank the following professionals for their feedback. They were instrumental in providing valuable input toward the development of this program in these specific areas. Mathematical Content Family Involvement Viken Hovsepian Paul Giganti, Jr. Professor of Mathematics Mathematics Education Consultant Rio Hondo College Albany, California Whittier, California Grant A. Fraser, Ph.D. Literature Professor of Mathematics David M. Schwartz California State University, Los Angeles Children’s Author, Speaker, Storyteller Los Angeles, California Oakland, Califorinia Arthur K. Wayman, Ph.D. Professor of Mathematics Emeritus Vertical Alignment California State University, Long Beach Long Beach, California Berchie Holliday National Educational Consultant Assessment Silver Spring, Maryland Jane D. Gawronski Deborah A. Hutchens, Ed.D. Director of Assessment and Outreach Principal San Diego State University Norfolk Highlands Elementary San Diego, California Chesapeake, Virginia Cognitive Guided Instruction Susan B. Empson Associate Professor of Mathematics and Science Education University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas English Learners Cheryl Avalos Mathematics Consultant Los Angeles County Office of Education, Retired Hacienda Heights, California Kathryn Heinze Graduate School of Education Hamline University St. Paul, Minnesota viii
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California Reviewers Each California Reviewer reviewed at least two chapters of the Student Edition, giving feedback and suggestions for improving the effectiveness of the mathematics instruction. Sherry G. Anderson Kristi Iverson Deborah Shapiro Teacher/G.A.T.E. Coordinator First Grade Teacher 5th Grade Teacher Will Rogers Elementary Village Oaks Elementary Nancy Cory Lynwood, California Stockton, California Lancaster, California Ysaaca Axelrod Sheri Leiken Maureen Smith Kindergarten Teacher Teacher Curriculum Specialist El Monte Elementary Weathersfield Elementary Fremont Unified School Dist. Concord, California Thousand Oaks, California (retired 6/2006) Fremont, California Cathy Bullock Sarab H. Lopes Teacher Teacher Joseph M. Snodgrass Capri Elementary Anza Elementary 3rd Grade Teacher Encinitas, California El Cajon, California Park Elementary School Alhambra, California Michelle Callender Karen E. Lund Teacher 5th Grade Teacher Marie W. Stevens Morgan/Kincaid Preparatory School Meadow Park Elementary Elementary Mathematics of Integrated Studies Irvine, California Coordinator Victorville, California LAUSD Efrain Melendez Los Angeles, California M. Olivia Campos Teacher 4th Grade Teacher Livermore Valley USD Jane Traut Morrison Elementary Livermore, California Classroom Teacher Norwalk, California Lang Ranch Elementary School Jean A. Nelson Thousand Oaks, California Malaura Page Easton, M.S. Teacher Kindergarten Teacher Fremont Elementary School Rachel C. Trowbridge La Pluma School Alhambra, California Teacher La Mirada, California Evergreen Elementary Tara Pahia San Jose, California Priscilla S. Edwards Elementary Teacher 5th Grade Classroom Teacher Bear Gulch Elementary Cynthia H. Vandemoortel David Reese Elementary Rancho Cucamonga, California Educator Sacramento, California Alderwood Basics Plus School Dr. Donald R. Price Irvine, California Lisa B. Friedberg Teacher, Adjunct Professor 4th Grade Teacher Rowland Unified School District Norine Yale Alderwood Basics Plus School Rowland Heights, California Teacher Irvine, California Justin Elementary Kitty Ritz, M.A. Simi Valley, California Wendy Smith Hernandez Teacher Kindergarten Teacher Monte Vista Elementary Dr. Darlene York Herndon-Barstow Elementary Rohnert Park, California Education Consultant Fresno, California Associate Professor/Antioch Corinne E. Schwartz University Beth Holguin First Grade Teacher Seattle, Washington Teacher Lincrest Elementary School Graystone School Yuba City, CA San Jose, CA ix
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Problem Solving: The Great Giants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Number Sense: Now That’s Hot! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Algebra and Functions: At the Aquarium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Measurement: Measure Away . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Geometry: Food and Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Statistics, Data Analysis, and Probability: How Fast Can You Go? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 x Arthur Morris/CORBIS
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HAPTER C 1 Place Value and Number Sense Are You Ready for Chapter 1? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 1-1 Number Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 1-2 Problem-Solving Skill: Use the Four-Step Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Explore Math Activity for 1-3: Place Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 1-3 Place Value through 1,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 1-4 Place Value through 10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Mid-Chapter Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 1-5 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 1-6 Compare Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 1-7 Order Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Problem Solving in Geography: The Mighty Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 1-8 Round to the Nearest Ten and Hundred . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Game Time: Round Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 1-9 Round to the Nearest Thousand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 ASSESSMENT Study Guide and Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 California Standards Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 California Standards Practice • 27, 31, 37, 41, 51, 59, 60, 61 Higher Order Thinking 19, 27, 30, 37, 41, 46, 51 19, 21, 23, 27, 30, 31, 33, 37, 41, 46, 51, 59 xi
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HAPTER C 2 Addition Are You Ready for Chapter 2? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 2-1 Addition Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 2-2 Problem-Solving Skill: Estimate or Exact Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 2-3 Estimate Sums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 2-4 Two-Digit Addition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Mid-Chapter Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 2-5 Add Money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Problem Solving in Geography: A Walk in the Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 2-6 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 Explore Math Activity for 2-7: Add Three-Digit Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 2-7 Three-Digit Addition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 Game Time: How Low Can You Go? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 2-8 Add Greater Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 ASSESSMENT Study Guide and Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 California Standards Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 California Standards Practice • 73, 77, 81, 95, 101, 102, 103 Higher Order Thinking 67, 73, 76, 81, 90, 95 67, 69, 73, 76, 77, 81, 85, 87, 95, 101 xii CORBIS
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HAPTER C 3 Subtraction Are You Ready for Chapter 3? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 3-1 Two-Digit Subtraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 3-2 Estimate Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 3-3 Subtract Money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Mid-Chapter Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Problem Solving in Music: The Sounds of the Symphony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 3-4 Problem-Solving Skill: Reasonable Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Explore Math Activity for 3-5: Subtract Three-Digit Numbers with Regrouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 3-5 Three-Digit Subtraction with Regrouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 3-6 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 3-7 Subtract Greater Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Game Time: Do Not Zero Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 3-8 Subtract Across Zeros . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 3-9 Algebra: Expressions and Number Sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 ASSESSMENT Study Guide and Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 California Standards Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 California Standards Practice • 113, 117, 127, 137, 141, 149, 150, 151 Higher Order Thinking 113, 116, 127, 137, 141 109, 113, 116, 117, 121, 123, 127, 129, 132, 137, 141, 149 xiii
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HAPTER C 4 Multiplication Concepts and Facts Are You Ready for Chapter 4? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Explore Math Activity for 4-1: Meaning of Multiplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 4-1 Multiplication as Repeated Addition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 4-2 Arrays and Multiplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 4-3 Multiply by 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Mid-Chapter Check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 4-4 Multiply by 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Game Time: Factor Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 4-5 Problem-Solving Skill: Extra or Missing Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 4-6 Multiply by 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Facts Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 4-7 Multiply by 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Problem Solving in Science: Lots of Arms and Legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 4-8 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 4-9 Multiply by 0 and 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Facts Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 ASSESSMENT Study Guide and Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 California Standards Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 California Standards Practice • 163, 137, 181, 188, 195, 196, 197 Higher Order Thinking 159, 163, 166, 170, 176, 181, 188 156, 159, 163, 166, 167, 170, 176, 181, 185, 188, 195 xiv Ellen McKnight/Alamy Images
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HAPTER C 5 More Multiplication Facts Are You Ready for Chapter 5? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Explore Math Activity for 5-1: Multiplication Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 5-1 Multiply by 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 5-2 Multiply by 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Facts Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Game Time: Three in a Row . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 5-3 Problem-Solving Strategy: Look for a Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 5-4 Multiply by 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Mid-Chapter Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 5-5 Multiply by 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 5-6 Multiply by 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Facts Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 5-7 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 5-8 Algebra: Associative Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Problem Solving in Art: Not Just a Blanket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 5-9 Algebra: Find a Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 ASSESSMENT Study Guide and Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 California Standards Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 California Standards Practice • 209, 217, 221, 231, 237, 245, 246, 247 Higher Order Thinking 205, 208, 216, 221, 224, 231, 237 202, 205, 208, 213, 216, 217, 221, 224, 227, 231, 237, 245 xv
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HAPTER C 6 Division Concepts and Facts Are You Ready for Chapter 6? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Explore Math Activity for 6-1: Understand Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 6-1 Relate Division and Subtraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Explore Math Activity for 6-2: Relate Multiplication to Division . . . . . . . . . . . 256 6-2 Relate Multiplication to Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 6-3 Problem-Solving Skill: Choose an Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 6-4 Divide by 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Mid-Chapter Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 6-5 Divide by 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Problem Solving in Community: Communities within Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 6-6 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 6-7 Divide by 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Game Time: Number Cubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 6-8 Division Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 ASSESSMENT Study Guide and Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 California Standards Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 California Standards Practice • 261, 267, 271, 278, 287, 288, 289 Higher Order Thinking 255, 261, 266, 271, 277, 281 252, 255, 257, 261, 263, 266, 267, 271, 275, 277, 281, 287 xvi Jim West/The Image Works
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HAPTER C 7 More Division Facts Are You Ready for Chapter 7? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Explore Math Activity for 7-1: Divide Using a Multiplication Table . . . . . . . . 293 7-1 Divide by 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 7-2 Divide by 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 7-3 Problem-Solving Strategy: Make a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 7-4 Divide by 6 and 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Mid-Chapter Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Problem Solving in Civics: Stars and Stripes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 7-5 Divide by 8 and 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Game Time: Facts Roll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 7-6 Determine Unit Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 7-7 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 7-8 Algebra: Expressions and Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 7-9 Algebra: Translate Words to Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 ASSESSMENT Study Guide and Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 California Standards Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 California Standards Practice • 301, 307, 317, 323, 327, 335, 336, 337 Higher Order Thinking 297, 301, 306, 312, 317, 323, 327 294, 297, 301, 303, 306, 307, 312, 317, 319, 323, 327 xvii
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HAPTER C 8 Measurement: Customary System Are You Ready for Chapter 8? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Explore Measurement Activity for 8-1: Length to the Nearest Inch . . . . . . 341 8-1 Length to the Nearest Half Inch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 8-2 Customary Units of Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 8-3 Problem-Solving Strategy: Work Backward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Explore Measurement Activity for 8-4: Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 8-4 Customary Units of Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354 Game Time: Capacity Guess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Mid-Chapter Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 8-5 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 8-6 Customary Units of Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 Problem Solving in Science: Lengths, Heights, and Weights, Oh My! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 8-7 Convert Units of Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 ASSESSMENT Study Guide and Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 California Standards Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 California Standards Practice • 349, 357, 359, 365, 371, 377, 378, 379 Higher Order Thinking 345, 349, 357, 365, 371 342, 345, 349, 351, 353, 357, 359, 361, 365, 371, 377 xviii
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HAPTER C 9 Measurement: Metric System Are You Ready for Chapter 9? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 Explore Measurement Activity for 9-1: Millimeter and Centimeter . . . . . . . 383 9-1 Metric Units of Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Game Time: Hit the Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 9-2 Problem-Solving Strategy: Guess and Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 9-3 Metric Units of Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 Mid-Chapter Check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 9-4 Problem-Solving Ivestigation: Choose a Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 9-5 Metric Units of Mass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 Problem Solving in Science: A Visit to the Supermarket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 9-6 Metric Unit Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 ASSESSMENT Study Guide and Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 California Standards Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 California Standards Practice • 388, 395, 401, 407, 413, 414, 415 Higher Order Thinking 388, 394, 401, 407 384, 388, 391, 394, 395, 397, 401, 407, 413 xix John Cancalosi/Peter Arnold, Inc.
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HAPTER C10 Measurement and Geometry Are You Ready for Chapter 10? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 10-1 Geometry: Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 10-2 Measurement: Perimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 Explore Measurement Activity for 10-3: Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 10-3 Measurement: Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 10-4 Problem-Solving Strategy: Solve a Simpler Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 10-5 Triangles and Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 Mid-Chapter Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 10-6 Geometry: Quadrilaterals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 10-7 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442 10-8 Geometry: Solid Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 Game Time: Guess the Shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447 10-9 Complex Solid Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 Problem Solving in Art: Gardens Under Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 Explore Measurement Activity for 10-10: Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 10-10Measurement: Find Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 ASSESSMENT Study Guide and Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 California Standards Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466 California Standards Practice • 425, 431, 437, 441, 446, 457, 465, 466, 467 Higher Order Thinking 421, 425, 430, 436, 441, 446, 449, 457 421, 425, 427, 430, 433, 436, 437, 441, 443, 446, 449, 453, 457, 465 xx PETE OXFORD/Minden Pictures
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