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4 Chapter 4: Beginning the Analysis: Investigating System Requirements Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition www.goupee.com
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4 Learning Objectives Describe the activities of the systems analysis life cycle phase Explain the effect of business process reengineering on activities of the analysis phase Describe the difference between functional and nonfunctional system requirements Identify and understand the different types of users who will be involved in investigating system requirements Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 2
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4 Learning Objectives (continued) Describe the kind of information that is required to develop system requirements Determine system requirements through review of documentation, interviews, observation, prototypes, questionnaires, vendor research, and joint application design sessions Discuss the need for validation of system requirements to ensure accuracy and completeness and the use of a structured walkthrough Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 3
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4 Overview Analysis phase of SDLC skills needed: Fact-finding for investigation of system requirements Analyst should learn details of business processes and daily operations Analyst should become as knowledgeable as business domain users to build credibility Analyst brings fresh perspective to problem Modeling of business processes based on system requirements Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 4
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4 The Analysis Phase in More Detail Gather information Define system requirements Logical model and physical model Prioritize requirements Prototype for feasibility and discovery Generate and evaluate alternatives Review recommendations with management Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 5
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4 The Activities of the Analysis Phase Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 6
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4 Activities of the Analysis Phase and Their Key Questions Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 7
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4 Business Process Reengineering and Analysis Fundamental strategic approach to organizing company Streamlines internal processes to be as efficient and effective as possible Questions basic assumptions for doing business and seeks to find a better way Uses IT as BPR enabler Systems analyst may discover opportunities for process improvement Any project may include components of BPR Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 8
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4 System Requirements New system capabilities and constraints Functional requirements are: Activities system must perform Based on procedures and business functions Documented in analysis models Nonfunctional requirements include: Operating environment or performance objectives Usability, reliability, and security requirements Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 9
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4 Stakeholders – The Source of System Requirements People with interest in successful system implementation Three primary groups of stakeholders: Users (use system) Clients (pay for and own system) Technical staff (ensure system operation) Every type of stakeholder is identified by analyst Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 10
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4 Stakeholders Interested in New System Development Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 11
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4 Users as Stakeholders Horizontal user roles - information flow across departments Vertical user roles - information needs of clerical staff, middle management, and senior executives Business users perform day-to-day operations Information users need current information Management users need summary information Executive users need strategic information External users may have access to system Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 12
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4 Techniques for Information Gathering Analysis phase done to understand business functions and develop system requirements Original structured approach Create model of existing system Derive requirements from existing system model Current approach Identify logical requirements for new system Balance the review of current business functions with new system requirements Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 13
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4 Information Gathering and Model Building Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 14
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4 Themes for Information-Gathering Questions Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 15
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4 Fact Finding Methods Review existing reports, forms, and procedure descriptions Interview and discussion processes with users Observe and document business processes Build prototypes Distribute and collect questionnaires Conduct joint application design (JAD) sessions Research vendor solutions Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 16
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4 Review Existing Reports, Forms, and Procedure Descriptions Source: External industry wide professional organizations and trade publications Source: Existing business documents and procedure descriptions within organization Identify business rules, discrepancies, and redundancies Be cautious of outdated material Obtain preliminary understanding of processes Use as guidelines / visual cues to guide interviews Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 17
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4 Conduct Interviews and Discussions with Users Effective way to understand business functions and rules Time-consuming and resource-expensive May require multiple sessions to: Meet all users Understand all processing requirements Can meet with individuals or groups of users List of detailed questions prepared Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 19
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4 Sample Checklist to Prepare for User Interviews Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 20
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