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• Your Five enses Robert Quinn Read and discover aU about your five wonderful senses ... • How do your eyes work? • What's under your skin? Read and discover more about the world! This series of non -fiction read ers provides interesting and educational content, with activities and project work. Series Editor: Hazel Geatches " Audio CD Pack available Word count for this reader: 1,343 level 3 level 5 600 headwords 9')0 I( HI\ (lId. level 4 level 6 750 headwords 1,050Iw.lClwtlld Cover photograph : Masterflle (Close up portrait ) ,' ,1111' I , I I
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Sense,s Robert Quinn Introduction 3 1 Your Sense of Sight 4 2 A Closer Look 6 3 Your Sense of Hearing 8 4 Inside Your Ear 10 5 Your Sense of Smell 12 6 How Your Nose Works 14 7 Your Sense of Taste 16 8 On Your Tongue 18 9 Your Sense of Touch 20 10 Under Your Skin 22 Activities 24 Projects 44 Picture Dictionary 46 About Read and Discover 48 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
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O XFORD A< KNOWI. EDGEMENTS IIIl1slniliOlls by: Ian Moores Graphics pp 7.10. 11. 14. 18. 22 I ~ I\ 11( ' 11 \ "It I ...... i>kin). 27. 30. 34. 38; Alan Rowe PP 24. 28. 32. 36. 40. 42. 46. { "" ,III I. lIt' llIl" 11 ""III't'l t I, !t li ll 11\.' 10It!' 47; Gary Swifl 1'1'13.15.19.22 (cold) I I \ I H I tll llIl \ t " \ 11 \ 1'1,'" " .1dt ' p,!, rIIlI'nl tilt Ill' t I I1I V\'1 '011 Y Tile Publisherswould also like 10 tllaflk thefollowingfor their kind . 11 1) \ l tllt! II 1111 1111'1 \ till' I IIII VI"'II "·... 111I1t'\ IIV,' ,II 1' \ , l'lll'lHt' pemlission to reproducephotographs (/nd othercopyright material: 1I11t"w."t II -,. II"I.II\ lIq l ,lIhl I'dlll ,llli HI 11\ puhh.. llIlig Alamy PI' 5 (prism/Ace Slock Limited). 9 (windchimes). 17 \\"'1 1.1 \\ 111. III (orange). 20; Getty Images PI' 5 (night/Andreas Stirnberg/ Photonica). 14; Oxford University Press PI' 3. 4. 6. 7. 8. 9 You have five different senses. They give you (motorbike. whistle). 12. 13. 16. 17 (popcorn. salt. coffee. \ 11, Id,II !!1 t .iI"' IIIWII \1,11 t'.. \, 11.1"111 Iiollg Kong K.II"lChi meat). 21. 23. 26; Photolibra,y PI' 9 (tuba). 19; Science Photo 1\ II ,d ,1 1111111 11 11 t\L,dlld ~klhl \llllH' 1\11'\ 1( II ( Hy N.lirobi Library pp 11 . 15. lots of information about the world around you. NI'\\' 11., 1111 '. 11,111):11.11 1.111"' 1 11111111111 \\ 11 11 Id l ll' " III \q'l l lllil l \ .. '.t l l. t 11111.111111):.11 11( hll, '\ II .d y(/t'lh}kpub, .lp.1I1 Pol<lndlic FrancePortugal Sight you see things with your eyes. I", I I I 1011.111111. 11.1 ',(11)' 1111111 \lIlIlh ~1I1I'.1 \',",' II /t',l.lIld rhailand Turkey I I I 111 11 \ 1'" 111 .1111 Hearing you hear things with your ears. II '1111' 11I.l1I\ I \IOM'\'III N t . II ' 1I .Irl' registered trade marks III I I,,, " II Ihm "1 1'1 ~" ... III Ihl' UKand in certain other 11'11111111 Smell you smell things with your nose. I I I tlltl l l ll l\ \ ·. ... nvI'tl·...... l O I O 1111 111111 .11 11): 111 , "I 111(' .lui hal' have been asserted Taste you taste things with your tongue. 11.11.11 ., 1....• 11):111 ();..:Iol'd University Press (maker) 111 \ 1 I'"hll...lu'd .W IO 'II I I 'III I ',flU l Ot I 20 10 Touch you touch and feel things with III '1 H " (. r) ' I J :2 Nt. 1111•• uf l lOrized photocopying your skin. Alii IgIlI ... I'l"l'lved. No part of this publication may be !t'plOdllll..'CI. stored in a retrieval system. or transmitted, III ,IllY101'111 or by any means, without the prior permission in What are these people doing? Wi'll Ing ofOxford University Press, oras expressly pem1itted hy IdW. or under tenns agreed with the appropriate Which senses are they using? I'l'I)l"O)4"raphics rights organization. Enquiries concerning I'l' production outside the scope of the above should be sent to ,Ill' J-1:rRights Department, Oxford University Press. at IIll' ,uldl'l'sSabove Yo u 11111"" nOI circulate this book in any other binding or ( OVl'1 ,lIld you mllst impose this same condition on any .Hqllll\'1' AllYwl'l)Stll'S re ferred to in this publication are in the pI Ihlle cloll1'lin and thei r addresses are provided by Oxford 1I11IVl't"~ tly Press for information only. Oxford University Press (\1 ...( 1.11111 ... ,my responsibility for the content \'1\11(\11 1( I)" .1( k containing this book and a CD is also available . ... II N "7K II It) 0.1('0.1 .11 7 4 Iltl' ( I) It.I... .I t h O I( l' 01 American and British English 11'11 11"111):... 1111111' (Illllpil,tl' texl. \ It .11IlJllql,nI Vlll): A( II VII YBook is a lso avai lable • liN '1 1M II ,1, 1" .1 tM 7 () 1' . 1111 1'11 III ( 11111. 1 llt,-. 1111,,1\ 1\ 1'111111'111111 P'IIll'1 lrol1ll"l'J'lified and well-managed sources. Now read and discover more about your five senses!
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Yaq,aease ef .~'mfrt Your sense of sigh t lets you see people and objects around you. It also lets you read books, look at photos, and watch television. Your sense of sight helps to keep you safe, too. When you cross the street you can watch for traffic. You can see when the traffic lights are green, yellow, or red. You can see because your eyes detect light. Light can come from the sun or from a lamp. It can also reflect off things around you.You can't see anything when it's very dark because there's no light! White light contains all the coLors of the rainbow. You can see this with a prism. It breaks white light into separate coLors. + Go t o pages 24- 25 for activiti es.
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.. Inside Your Eye Light reflects off an object. The light then enters the eye and goes through a lens. This lens focuses the light on the retina at the back of the eye. It makes a picture of the Look at one ofyour eyes in a mirror. The object on the retina. white part is the sclera and the colored part is the iris. The small black spot in the center The retina has millions of optic cells. is the pupil. The pupil is a hole that lets light They detect light and colors. The optic into the eye.When it's dark, your pupils open nerve collects the information and takes to let more light in. it to the brain. Your eyelids and eyelashes protect your eyes Cameras have from dust and dirt. Your eyelids also keep Lenses, too. What other light out. things have Lenses? +Go to pages 26- 27 for act ivities.
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You can hear lots of different sounds. Some things make loud sounds, like a motorcycle or a jet plane. Other things make soft sounds, like a clock ticking or wind chimes blowing in the wind. Some things make high sounds, like a whistle or a flute. Other things make very low sounds, like a tuba or a big bass drum. Your sense of hearing helps you in many ways.You can hear the telephone when it rings, and listen to people when they talk to you.You can listen to your favorite music, too! Your ears also help you to locate sounds. You can hear when sounds come from the right or the left. Then you can follow the sound by turning your head.
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N ext to the ossicles there is a spiral tube called the cochlea, It detects vibrations from the ossicles. Then the auditory nerve · collects the information and takes it to .'.-· · you r brain. T his is how you hear. " ;.• ••..• ., ••.•"... .. smallest bonesThe ossiclesinareyour body.the f'"• •• :.- •••••••·.I~,.... This is how small they are! Some people don't hear well. Sometimes they wear a hearing aid to make sounds louder. Other people have a cochlear implant. The implant detects sounds with a microphone. Sounds are vibrations in the air that your Then it sends electrical ears can detect. First the vibrations go into signals to the cochlea your ear canal. Then your eardrum vibrates. inside the ear. Behind your eardrum there are three small bones called ossicles. They also vibrate. +Go to pages 30-31 for activities.
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Some things smell bad, like food waste or bad eggs. Yuck! Your nose tells you they aren't good to eat. They can make you very sick. Your nose tells you about other dangers, too. When there's a fire, you can smell the smoke and call for help. Poisonous chemicals often smell bad.Your nose Your nose lets you smell things. Some tells you they are dangerous. things smell good, like pizza or fresh cookies. The yummy smells tell you they are Skunks can spray a probably good to eat. Flowers and perfume liquid that smells terrible. often smell good, too. What other things They use it for protection! smell good to you? Can you eat them? .. Go t o pages 32- 33 for activit ies.
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....lewVeg,.,. .. .. ... • •• •:::•••.......... e •• ~.: -.-......-.-.-... ------~ ...' -::. -. You have about five million olfactory cells Smells are clouds of tiny particles in the air, in your nasal passages. These cells can like smoke or perfume. When you breathe, detect thousands of different smells. these particles go into your nose through Your olfactory nerve collects all the your nostrils. Then they go up into your information and then takes it to your brain. nasal passages. Your brain recognizes familiar smells and When something smells good, remembers new smells for the future. you open your nostrils wider. When something smells bad, you Bears have very sensitive noses. Their sense of smell is wrinkle your nose. This closes about 2,000 times better than your nostrils, so the bad ours. They use their sense of smell can't get in. smell to find food. .. Go to pages 34-35 for activities.
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Y.g,s.... IITate Ir~weet and Sour Tastes Your sense of taste is very important. It lets Food tastes salty when it has lots ofsalt. you enjoy the different tastes of your food. Many people add salt to foods like popcorn Your tongue can detect sweet, sour, salty, or French fries. Foods, like meat and cheese, savory, and bitter tastes. have a savory taste called umami. This is a Ice cream tastes sweet because we make it Japanese word. with lots of sugar. Some foods, like honey, Coffee tastes bitter, so many people add sugar are naturally sweet. Lemon juice and to make it sweet. Orange peel is also bitter, natural yogurt taste sour. We can add sugar but we can make it into sweet marmalade. or honey to make them taste sweeter. Go to pages 36-37 for activities.
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Your tongue has about 10,000 taste buds. Most of them are at the front, back, and sides of your tongue.Your taste buds get old quickly, so your tongue needs to grow new ones. It only takes two weeks to replace all your taste buds! Do you know how your sense of taste works? Look at your tongue. Can you see lots of little pink bumps? Those bumps are your taste buds. When you touch food with Your senses of taste and smell work together. That's why your tongue, your taste buds detect all the you can't taste your food very tastes. Then your gustatory nerves take well when you have a cold. ~~I;I~~ the information to your brain. .. Go to pages 38-39 for activities.
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Y.,II.. efT_GIll Your skin gives you information about the things that you touch. You can feel temperature, so you know when things are hot or cold. This helps to keep you safe. You don't want to burn yourself1 You can also feel the temperature of the air around you, so you know when to put on warm or cool clothes. You can feel different textures. Some things feel hard, like rocks. Other things feel soft, like feathers . Some things feel rough, like sandpaper. Other things feel smooth, like the surface of glass. Some people can't see well, but they can read Braille books. Braille is a code of bumps that you feel with your fingers.
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Feeling Pain "!I There are millions of nerve endings under your skin. They detect temperature and textures. Then they send the information to Your nerve endings also protect you when your brain.Your face, neck, hands, and feet you hurt yourself. They send pain signals to are very sensitive. They have more nerve your brain. The pain doesn't feel good, but endings than other parts of your body. it tells your brain that you are in danger. Your senses give you information about the Your nerve endings don't world around you. They also help to keep work very well when they you safe. Which senses are the most are cold. That's why your nose important to you, and why? feels numb on cold winter days. .. Go to pages 42-43 for activities.
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Your Sense ofSight 3 Circle the correct words. 1 My sense of sight lets me hear I @ objects. Read pages 4-5. 2 I can see because my eyes detect I reflect light. lamp eye p-ft6t6 sun 1 Write the words. rainbow traffic lights 3 Traffic lights show three I four different colors. 4 A prism breaks white I green light into colors. 5 I can't see at night because it's very dark I safe. 6 Light can cross I reflect off things around us. 7 White light contains all the coLors I lights of the rainbow. · :0: 8 Light can come from a book I Lamp. Q:"'-: ...... ...{:.... 4 Order the letters with the same color. Then write the words. 1 photo 4 (0 1 l.o\ors p d l b 0 2 5 2 e _____ 3 a p w r e i 6 3 y r p e @ s 2 Complete the sentences. 4 1 I can ~ .a 1 ~ .h for traffic in the street. CD n (0 s 0 s 5 2 I can ____ books. h a m r m a 6 3 I can ___ the colors of the rainbow. (0 i k t (0 0 e ______ 4 I can _____ television. 7 5 I can ____ at photos of my family.
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ACloser Look 3 Complete the sentences. Then write the numbers. Read pages 6-7. eyelashes eyelid iris 1 Write the words. pupil sclera The (1) pupil lets light into your eye. The (2) ___ focuses light on the (3) . The (4) ___ detect light and colors. Then the (5) takes 1 4 the information to the brain. 2 5 4 Answer the questions. 3 1 Where is the retina? 2 Write true or false. The. re.tina is at the. bat.\( of the. e.~e.. false. 2 Why do your pupils open more in the dark? 1 The sclera is the colored part of my eye. 2 My eyelashes keep out light when I sleep. 3 My pupils open more when it's dark. 3 How many optic cells does the retina have? 4 My eyelids protect my eyes from dust. 5 The iris is a small black spot in my eye. 4 What color are your irises?
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Your Sense of Hearing 3 CircLe the correct words. 1 A whistle makes makes high / low sounds. Read pages 8-9. 2 A jet plane makes very loud / soft sounds. 1 Match. Then write sentences. 3 A tuba makes high / low sounds. 4 Wind chimes make loud / soft sounds. I can listen to my~ the telephone rings. I can hear sounds favorite music. 5 A flute makes high / low sounds. I can listen to people from the right or the left. 6 A motorcycle makes very loud / soft sounds. I can hear when when they talk to me. 4 Find and write the words. 1 'Gan \iste.n to m1 favorite. musiG. 2 3 4 2 Write the words. 1 hi9h 6 bass drum motorcycle flute clock whistle 2 7 jet plane wind chimes tuba 3 8 4 9 5 5 10 6 5 CompLete the sentences. 7 ___ 1 I can hear 2 I can listen to 4 ___ 8
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InsideYour Ear 3 Write true or false. 1 Sounds are vibrations in the air. Read pages 10-11. 2 The ossicles are two small bones. :. 1 Write the words. :.. 3 The auditory nerve is a spiral tube. ;;'. ,. 4 Hearing aids make sounds softer. auditory nerve 5 CochLear impLants send light signals vibrations to the brain. cochLea ossicles 4 Find and write the words. eardrum - - ~ u d i -.! I. 0 r y n e r v- - e ear canaL - b r v v i b r a t i 0 n c b b m e l a r c a n -a l L - 1 4 0 j b 0 n e s c q f g q y C I r i m p l a n t s n r u 2 5 h i s m i c r 0 p h 0 n e J 3 6 l d m w c c e a r d r r- u m 2 Number the sentences in order. e t b k d 0 f h p s a z a a k 0 h e a r i n g a i d [ Then the ossicles vibrate too. I x w 0 s s i c L e s g h --0 - [ The information goes to the brain. eD 1 b 6 (, Sound vibrations go into the ear canal. a 2 0 7 [jo The cochlea detects the vibrations. 3 v 8 h o The eardrum vibrates. 4 e- 9 The auditory nerve collects the information. 5 e- 10 m
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Your Sense ofSmell 3 Match. 1 I don't like this pertum Q Are you making cookies? ) .. Read pages 12-13. y cookies flowers food waste yat's 1 Write the words. pizza bad eggs 2 that terribLe smeLL? ) (it doesn't smeLL very 9~dJ 3 Do you smell smoke?) ( They're probably bad. 4 ~mething smells yummy! ) Yes, I think there's a fire! ) 5 Don't eat those old eggs! ') ( I think it's a skunk!) 1 4 f 2 5 Order the words. Then answer the questions. 3 6 1 does / waste / How / food / smell? 2 Complete the chart. doe.s food sme.\\? sme.\\s te.rrib\e.. \-\o~ ~aste. It (They smell good. IThey smell bad. They're good to eat. 2 the / smell / Like / you / of / pizza? / Do r [..oo~ie.s 3 good? / chemicals / Do / poisonous / smell 4 your / is / What / smell? / favorite
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HowYour Nose Works 3 Answer the questions. 1 When do your nostrils open wider? Read pages 14-15. 1 Write the words. 2 Where are your olfactory cells? nasal passages olfactory nerve 3 How many olfactory cells do you have? nostrils olfactory cells 4 What smells does your brain recognize? particles 1 4 4 Write the words. Then write the secret word. 2 5 ellc 1~ {, e. \ \ 3 verne 2~ 2 CompLete the sentences. slcoUd 3~ air brain clouds different nasal tOsrnil 4~ nerve nose nostrils olfactory particles saPsages 5~ 1 Smells are of tiny particles in the tOrlofacY 6~ I 2 My let the smell particles into my 3 Then the go up into my passages. The secret word is: ---'-_.l.----1---L----.J_....I..----'-----'------l LI 4 My cells detect all the smells. 5 My olfactory takes information to my
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I Your Sense ofTaste 3 Match. Then write the sentences. Many people add salt a lot of sugar in it. Read pages 16-17. We can add sugar the tastes of your food. honey French fries salt Your tongue detects have a savory taste. 1 Write the words. orange peel lemon juice sugar Ice cream usually has from bitter orange peel. Meat and cheese to make foods sweet. We can make marmalade to make foods salty. 1 2 3 4 __________________________________ 5 __________________________________ 1 4 6 2 __________ 5 __________ 4 Write about foods that you like. 3 6 2 CircLe the correct words. 1 Bitter / Salty foods have lots of salt. 2 Honey is a naturally sweet / salty food. 5 Write about foods that you don't like. 3 People often put salt / sugar on French fries. 4 Orange peel and coffee taste sour / bitter. 5 Natural yogurt tastes sweet / sour. 6 Sweet foods have lots of salt / sugar.
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