HIGH-INTEREST S K I L L S & S T R AT E G I E SS K I L L S & S T R AT E G I E S Antonyms s/ Sy nym rts of Sp Pr no e Pa ee eci ic ch se W Cho ord ns / Acrony tio ms via Abbre Skills nary ctio s Di ord M g W ultiple-MeanMin LEVEL7 7 100 REPRODUCIBLE ACTIVITIES
VBUILDING OCABULARY SKILLS & STRATEGIES LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4 LEVEL 5 LEVEL 6 ➬ LEVEL 7 LEVEL 8 Development and Production: Laurel Associates, Inc. Cover Design: Image Quest, Inc. Three Watson Irvine, CA 92618-2767 Website: www.sdlback.com Copyright © 2004 by Saddleback Educational Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher, with the exception below. Pages labeled with the statement Saddleback Educational Publishing © 2004 are intended for reproduction. Saddleback Publishing, Inc. grants to individual purchasers of this book the right to make sufficient copies of reproducible pages for use by all students of a single teacher. This permission is limited to a single teacher, and does not apply to entire schools or school systems.978-1-60291-126-0 ISBN-10: 1-56254-725-9 ISBN-13: 978-1-56254-725-7 eBook: 978-1-60291-126-0 Printed in the United States of America 10 09 08 07 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Compound Words: Head and Foot 1 . . . .38 English Vocabularies: Formal, Informal, Compound Words: Head and Foot 2 . . . .39 and Slang 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Compound Words: Air and Water 1 . . . .40 English Vocabularies: Formal, Informal, Compound Words: Air and Water 2 . . . .41 and Slang 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Compound Words: Sun and Wind 1 . . . .42 Using the Dictionary 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Compound Words: Sun and Wind 2 . . . .43 Using the Dictionary 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Choosing Precise Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . .44 Information in a Dictionary Entry 1 . . . .10 Choosing Precise Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . .45 Information in a Dictionary Entry 2 . . . .11 Greek Roots 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Denotation and Connotation 1 . . . . . . . .12 Greek Roots 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Denotation and Connotation 2 . . . . . . . .13 Latin Roots 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Just for Fun: Dictionary Challenge 1 . . .14 Latin Roots 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Just for Fun: Dictionary Challenge 2 . . .15 Prefixes 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Pronunciation: Vowel Sounds 1 . . . . . . .16 Prefixes 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Pronunciation: Vowel Sounds 2 . . . . . . .17 Suffixes 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Pronunciation: Silent Letters 1 . . . . . . .18 Suffixes 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Pronunciation: Silent Letters 2 . . . . . . .19 Near Misses 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Pronunciation: Syllables and Near Misses 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Accent Marks 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Synonyms: Nouns 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Pronunciation: Syllables and Accent Marks 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Synonyms: Nouns 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Using Context Clues 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Synonyms: Verbs 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Using Context Clues 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Synonyms: Verbs 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Nouns: Getting Meaning from Synonyms: Adjectives 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Context Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Synonyms: Adjectives 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Verbs: Getting Meaning from Synonyms: Adverbs 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Context Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Synonyms: Adverbs 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Adjectives: Getting Meaning Antonyms: Nouns 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 from Context Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Antonyms: Nouns 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Adverbs: Getting Meaning from Antonyms: Verbs 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Context Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Antonyms: Verbs 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Forms of a Word: Adjective to Noun 1 . .28 Antonyms: Adjectives 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 Forms of a Word: Adjective to Noun 2 . .29 Antonyms: Adjectives 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 Forms of a Word: Verb to Adjective 1 . . .30 Antonyms: Adverbs 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Forms of a Word: Verb to Adjective 2 . . .31 Antonyms: Adverbs 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 Forms of a Word: Noun to Verb 1 . . . . . .32 Homophones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Forms of a Word: Noun to Verb 2 . . . . . .33 Homophone Riddles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 Just for Fun: Word Ladders 1 . . . . . . . .34 Homographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Just for Fun: Word Ladders 2 . . . . . . . .35 Homophones and Homographs: Making Compound Words 1 . . . . . . . . . .36 Dictionary Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Making Compound Words 2 . . . . . . . . . .37
Clipped Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 S-T Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . . . .108 Clipped Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 S-T Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Words Borrowed from Names 1 . . . . . . .78 U-V Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . . . .110 Words Borrowed from Names 2 . . . . . . .79 U-V Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .111 Foreign Words and Phrases 1 . . . . . . . . .80 W-X Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Foreign Words and Phrases 2 . . . . . . . . .81 W-X Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .113 Simple Idioms 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 Y-Z Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . . . .114 Simple Idioms 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 Y-Z Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .115 Interpreting Idioms 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84 Just for Fun: Explaining Why Interpreting Idioms 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 or Why Not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Explaining Idioms 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 Just for Fun: Exploring Big Words . . . .117 Explaining Idioms 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 Shopping Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 Using Idioms in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . . .88 Shopping Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 Using Idioms in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . . .89 Law Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120 A-B Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Law Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 A-B Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Building Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 C-D Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 Building Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 C-D Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .93 Space Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 E-F Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 Space Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 E-F Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 Health Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 G-H Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 Health Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127 G-H Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .97 Business Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128 I-J Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98 Business Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 I-J Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99 Travel Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130 K-L Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . . . .100 Travel Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 K-L Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .101 Government Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 M-N Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Government Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 M-N Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .103 Party Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 O-P Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . . . .104 Party Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 O-P Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .105 Scope and Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Q-R Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . . . .106 Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138 Q-R Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .107
INTRODUCTION Welcome to BUILDING VOCABULARY SKILLS & STRATEGIES! We at Saddleback Publishing, Inc. are proud to introduce this important supplement to your basal language arts curriculum. Our goal in creating this series was twofold: to help on-level and below-level students build their “word power” in short incremental lessons, and to provide you, the teacher, with maximum flexibility in deciding when and how to assign these exercises. All lessons are reproducible. That makes them ideal for homework, extra credit assignments, cooperative learning groups, or focused drill practice for selected ESL or remedial students. A quick review of the book’s Table of Contents will enable you to individualize instruction according to the varied needs of your students. Correlated to the latest research and current language arts standards in most states, the instructional design of Building Vocabulary Skills & Strategies is unusually comprehensive for a supplementary program. All important concepts—ranging from primary-level phonics to the nuances of connotation— are thoroughly presented from the ground up. Traditional word attack strategies and “getting meaning from context clues” are dually emphasized. As all educators know, assessment and evaluation of student understanding and skill attainment is an ongoing process. Here again, reproducible lessons are ideal in that they can be used for both pre- and post-testing. We further suggest that you utilize the blank back of every copied worksheet for extra reinforcement of that lesson’s vocabulary; spelling tests or short writing assignments are two obvious options. You can use the Scope and Sequence chart at the back of each book for recording your ongoing evaluations. Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 7 • Saddleback Publishing, Inc., 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 5
ENGLISH VOCABULARIES: FORMAL, INFORMAL, AND SLANG 1 Various occasions call for various kinds of language. A. Where will you usually see and hear the formal words in the box? In official documents and reports, literary works, and speeches. Use a dictionary to look up any words you don’t know. Then write each word next to the informal word below that has the same meaning. abolish baffle calculate massive notable perceive perturb quest signify tedious 1. understand _____________________ 6. huge _____________________________ 2. figure ___________________________ 7. confuse __________________________ 3. ban ___________________________ 8. famous __________________________ 4. mean ___________________________ 9. boring __________________________ 5. bother ___________________________ 10. search ____________________________ B. The informal word in each sentence appears in boldface. Circle a letter to identify the formal word that could replace it. 1. At the sight of the brightly colored balloons, the child broke into a sudden smile. a. relevant b. spontaneous c. delirious 2. The archaeologists became very excited when they saw the writing on the walls of the tomb. a. trophy b. portrayal c. inscription 3. The hikers were surprised to find that a huge boulder barred their path. a. obstructed b. prevailed c. divulged 4. The detectives thought that the suspect’s story was probably a lie. a. falsehood b. misdemeanor c. felony 5. When Melanie slipped and fell on the ice, she broke her arm. a. sprained b. injured c. fractured 6 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 7 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com
ENGLISH VOCABULARIES: FORMAL, INFORMAL, AND SLANG 2 Informal English is the language used in newspapers, on television, and in most everyday conversations. When talking to friends, most people use some slang expressions. Slang might be vivid and interesting in speech, but it is not acceptable in formal or informal writing. A. Write a slang expression from the box that has the same meaning as the boldface word or words. Hint: You will not use all the words in the box. hangout bimbo batty handle bugs chill sleazy ditzy 1. “Slim” was given that nickname ____________________ about 10 years ago. 2. My dad always pesters ____________________ me about doing my homework. 3. Her high-pitched laugh makes her sound silly ____________________. 4. Sara suggested that we stop working and relax ____________________ for a while. 5. That rundown ____________________ neighborhood looks very unappealing. 6. The burger place was a favorite gathering place ____________________ for kids from our school. 7. Our eccentric ____________________ neighbor needs help from a psychiatrist. B. Use vowels (a, e, i, o, u ) to complete the words in the chart that have the same meaning. FORMAL INFORMAL SLANG 1. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __m l n c h l y ➪ sad ➪ down 2. vulgar ➪ __ __ __ __ __c h p ➪ tacky 3. __ __ __ __ __ __ __b s r v ➪ see ➪ eyeball 4. genteel ➪ __ __ __ __ __ __ __r f n d ➪ high-toned 5. converse ➪ talk ➪ __ __ __g b 6. slander ➪ insult ➪ __ __ __d s Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 7 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 7
USING THE DICTIONARY 1 The quickest source of information about words is the dictionary. Scholar’s Here’s one way to make it easier to use a dictionary. Think of a dictionary as STUDENT DICTIONARY being divided into three parts, or sections. • MORE THAN 200,000 clear, concise definitions • THOUSANDS of examplesof words in actual use A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z • UPDATED biographical and geographical sections Flip the pages and you’ll see that these three sections are fairly equal in size. • HUNDREDS of synonyms and word histories • FEATURES on usage, style, So if you need to find a certain word, start looking in the appropriate section. spelling, and more! A. Circle the word that correctly completes each sentence. 1. The word ( dogmatic / mentor ) is in the second section of the dictionary. 2. The word vindicate is defined in the ( second / third ) section. 3. If you wanted to look up benevolent, you would turn to the ( first / second ) section. 4. The word ( prominent / erudite ) can be found in the first section of the dictionary. B. You know that words defined in the dictionary (entry words) are listed in alphabetical order. Practice your dictionary skills by listing the following words in alphabetical order. lapel adjourn demerit sentiment romance oblong fragile geology cyclone inquiry yonder ballast genial matrimony erupt heifer lavish zenith wary jazz kidnap 1. ______________________ 8. ______________________ 15. ______________________ 2. ______________________ 9. ______________________ 16. ______________________ 3. ______________________ 10. ______________________ 17. ______________________ 4. ______________________ 11. ______________________ 18. ______________________ 5. ______________________ 12. ______________________ 19. ______________________ 6. ______________________ 13. ______________________ 20. ______________________ 7. ______________________ 14. ______________________ 21. ______________________ 8 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 7 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com
USING THE DICTIONARY 2 Developing dictionary skills is an important step toward building an adult vocabulary. Notice the guide words at the top of A materialize maudlin each regular page in the dictionary. materialize \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ matron \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/ \/\/\/\/ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ The guide word on the left is the first entry on the page. The word on the B right is the last entry. dash dawdle dash \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/ daub \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ A. Cross out the words that would not be defined on page A (as shown above). Then use your imagination—or check a dictionary—to list three words that would appear on that page. 1. maternal mayfly mattress material mature maze 2. ________________________, ________________________, ________________________ B. Look at the guide words at the top of page B. Then circle the word or words that correctly complete(s) each sentence below. 1. Words that alphabetically fall 3. You ( will / will not ) find the word ( between / outside ) the guide daughter on page B. words will appear on that page. 4. You can probably find the word dart 2. If you’re looking for the word on the page just ( before / after ) deactivate, you will have to turn page B. ( back / forward ) a page or two. C. Circle the words that would appear on each page shown below. gearing generation pliers plump geezer generous pledge plummet gable geode poach plow general gelatin plowshare plaza genius gazebo ploy plywood Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 7 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 9
INFORMATION IN A DICTIONARY ENTRY 1 Did you know that a word’s definition is only one part of a dictionary entry? A dictionary entry lists inflected forms of the entry word. These forms include . . . PLURALS VERB TENSES COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES child / children see / saw / seeing easy / easier / easiest life / lives lie / lay / lying bad / worse / worst A. Check a dictionary if you need help spelling the plural of each word below. 1. agony _____________________________ 4. mouse ____________________________ 2. tomato ___________________________ 5. thief ______________________________ 3. father-in-law ______________________ 6. radius ____________________________ B. Check a dictionary if you need help completing the chart of verb tenses. PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PARTICIPLE 1. ____________________ ➪ wrote ➪ writing 2. feed ➪ ____________________ ➪ feeding 3. go ➪ went ➪ ____________________ 4. ____________________ ➪ sat ➪ sitting C. A dictionary can help you identify the comparative and superlative forms of each entry word. Circle the word or words that correctly complete(s) each sentence. 1. The superlative form of attractive is ( attractivest / most attractive ). 2. The comparative form of bored is ( border / more bored ). 3. The superlative form of few is ( fewer / fewest ). 4. The comparative form of colossal is ( more colossal / colossaler ). 10 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 7 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com
INFORMATION IN A DICTIONARY ENTRY 2 A. Some words have more than one acceptable spelling. Remember that the preferred spelling is always listed first in a dictionary entry. Complete the word pairs below with either the preferred spelling or its less common alternate. 1. ____________________ / omelette 6. gladioluses / ____________________ 2. octopuses / ____________________ 7. ____________________/ make-up 3. ____________________ / larvas 8. hallelujah / ____________________ 4. ____________________ / teepee 5. leveled / ____________________ B. Some dictionaries include a word’s etymology, or original source, before or after its definition. Draw a line to match each word with its origin. 1. anemone a. from the Irish word seamrog, meaning “little clover” 2. castanets b. named by Spanish dancers who saw that this instrument looked like two chestnuts 3. catamaran c. from two Latin words, unum (“one”) and cornu (“horn”) 4. geranium d. from the Tamil word katta-marran, meaning “tied wood” 5. mercurial e. from two Greek words, anemos (“wind”) and mone (“habitation”) 6. shamrock f. from Mercury, the fast messenger of the Roman gods 7. unicorn g. named for the crane, geranos in Greek, because its seed pods look like a crane’s head Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 7 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 11
DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION 1 A word’s denotation is its literal meaning. The connotation of the same word may be something quite different. A word’s connotation is its implied meaning. Connotation arises from the ideas, emotions, and experiences associated with the word. Two words with nearly the same denotation may have very different connotations. EXAMPLE: opponent (positive connotation, suggesting a worthy competitor) foe (negative connotation, suggesting an enemy) A. Write P for positive or N for negative next to each word below. 1. _____ wretched 5. _____ humane 9. _____ fantastic 2. _____ unique 6. _____ sneaky 10. _____ snob 3. _____ survive 7. _____ spry 11. _____ valiant 4. _____ gangster 8. _____ embarrass 12. _____ wilt B. Words in the box are synonyms (with different connotations) of the words below. Write the matching word from the box next to each word below. Hint: You will not use all the words. accumulate custodian devise aroma assertive vigorous bold crowd emphasize doubtful thin persuade 1. contrive / _______________________ 6. brazen / _______________________ 2. aggressive / ____________________ 7. janitor / ________________________ 3. mob / __________________________ 8. odor / __________________________ 4. hoard / _________________________ 9. belabor / _______________________ 5. brainwash /_____________________ 10. gaunt /_________________________ 12 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 7 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com
DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION 2 Making careful word choices ensures that you get your message across. People use euphemisms to replace words that Dysphemisms are harsher words deliberately are thought to be too strong or unpleasant. used to replace neutral words. EXAMPLE: passed away instead of died EXAMPLE: quack instead of doctor Complete the chart below with the euphemisms, dysphemisms, or neutral words from the box on the right. Hint: You will not use all the words. WORD LIST EUPHEMISM NEUTRAL WORD DYSPHEMISM abandon 1. firm obstinate ___________________ abrupt 2. fervent ___________________ hysterical cur diner 3. ___________________ charity handout disabled 4. move on leave ___________________ donation 5. assist ___________________ abet emotional employee 6. ___________________ unusual abnormal hash-house 7. developing underdeveloped ___________________ help country country mansion 8. challenged ___________________ crippled pig-headed quick 9. ___________________ worker hireling restaurant 10. peacekeeper ___________________ mercenary restroom 11. man’s best friend dog ___________________ rude soldier 12. ___________________ house shack special 13. lounge ____________________ toilet third-world Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 7 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 13
JUST FOR FUN: DICTIONARY CHALLENGE 1 Here’s a chance to have some fun with some interesting and unusual words. To answer the questions, study the dictionary definitions of the boldface words. 1. Would you use the word redolent or refulgent to describe a pelargonium? Explain your answer. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ 2. In what countries would you find Qishm and Qiqihar? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Would you rather have a voice that’s mellifluous or cacophonous? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Would you go to a boutique to buy some borscht? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Would the words precursors, originators, and forebears be used to describe your progenitors or your progeny? Explain your answer. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. Who would make a better dinner companion—a gourmand or an epicure? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Suppose you were in danger. Would you rather have someone ameliorate your situation or exacerbate it? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 14 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 7 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com
JUST FOR FUN: DICTIONARY CHALLENGE 2 To answer the questions, look up the dictionary definitions of the boldface words. 1. Would someone deliver a eulogy for a euglena? Explain why or why not. _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 2. What do a hammada, a veldt, and a steppe have in common? _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 3. In which country would you be likely to find dolmades at an agora? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. What are some similarities and some differences between a coati and an agouti? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Would you rather babysit a child who was obstreperous or one who was amiable? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. When might you give an octogenarian a cymbidium? Explain your answer. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. If you were a tyro, would you attempt to play a piano duet with a virtuoso? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 7 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 15
PRONUNCIATION: VOWEL SOUNDS 1 If you want to impress people, remember this: Correct pronunciation counts! Did you know that each vowel can stand for several different sounds? Which words have the same vowel sound as the boldface example word in parentheses? Circle two words in each group. A SOUNDS E SOUNDS OSOUNDS 1. short A (hat) 1. short E (end) 1. short O (not) back make empty being opera zero began space spell legal problem odor 2. long A (day) 2. long E (she) 2. long O (ago) basic volcano secret elf got ocean talk audience female men cargo job 3. AL (fall) 3. silent e (place) 3. OU / OW (out, cow) aim jail ever something young sound almost falter operate safety crow eyebrow 4. AR (dare) 4. ER (her) 4. OI / OY (spoil, boy) beware straw reflect baker voice period square start camera brief joyous youth 5. AR (jar) 5. schwa E (the) 5. broad O (cross) careful hard happen item song tooth party parent weapon fine wood office 6. schwa A (alone) I SOUNDS 6. short OO (book) scald laid mood cookie another agree 1. short I (miss) wooden zoo insect dinosaur idle which 7. long OO (too) stood troop 2. long I (rice) foot bamboo jingle wire whir describe 8. schwa O (riot) joint canyon 3. IR (stir) doily method dirty shirt time rinse 16 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 7 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com
PRONUNCIATION: VOWEL SOUNDS 2 A. Which words have the same vowel sound as the boldface example word in parentheses? Circle two words in each group. U SOUNDS 1. short U (sun) funny museum Utah summer 2. long U (use) January jump human umpire 3. 1-dot U• (full) tuna bullfrog murmur cushion 4. 2-dot U•• (flute) fur prune cruel bully 5. UR (curl) crude nutrition turtle surface B. Circle the word that correctly completes each sentence. Check the dictionary if you’re not sure. 1. The word stare rhymes with ( there / here ). 2. The word high rhymes with ( aweigh / pie ). 3. The word blown rhymes with ( flown / crown ). 4. The word measure rhymes with ( reassure / treasure ). 5. They word greed rhymes with 8. The word stood rhymes with ( plead / dread ). ( hood / mood ). 6. The word billow rhymes with 9. The word aloud rhymes with ( allow / pillow ). ( stowed / plowed ). 7. The word about rhymes with 10. The word tough rhymes with ( fraught / sauerkraut ). ( enough / although ). Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 7 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 17
PRONUNCIATION: SILENT LETTERS 1 Remember that many English words have silent letters. If you’re not sure how to pronounce a word, look it up! A. Say each word aloud. Use a dictionary if necessary. Then cross out two words in each group that do not have silent letters. Finally, write the silent letter you see in the other two words. The first one has been done for you. SILENT LETTER 1. _____c inspect scenic color ascend 2. _____ scheduling showing happy honest 3. _____ blow wander wilt wrap 4. _____ water fetch often patted 5. _____ could flap talk tassel 6. _____ gather align sugar gnu 7. _____ buzz numb amber thumb 8. _____ knot broken knitting mark 9. _____ psychology perhaps pseudonym important B. Think of a word with a silent letter that answers each question. Write it on the line. 1. What dark color has a silent consonant? ____________________________________ 2. Name a major organ in your body that has a silent letter. ____________________ 3. Name a school subject that has a silent letter. _______________________________ 4. What numbers between one and ten have a silent letter or letters? __________________________________________________________________ 5. What’s another word for climb down, sink, or slip? __________________________ 18 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 7 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com
PRONUNCIATION: SILENT LETTERS 2 A. To complete the sentences, unscramble the words containing silent letters. Use context clues for help. 1. The (FEBTUF) _____________________ lunch included soup, salad, and dessert. 2. We played a game of (ROCUEQT) _____________________ on the lawn. 3. The soldiers were all wearing (AKHIK) _____________________ uniforms. 4. During the holiday season, we always hang (LITEMOSTE) ___________________ over our door. 5. This lingering cold makes me feel just (CEWETHRD) _____________________! 6. The large family rented (JONANIDIG) _____________________ rooms at the hotel. B. Use the clues and the first letters to help you solve the crossword puzzle. Answers are words containing the silent letters shown in parentheses. ACROSS 1 2 3 S T R 1. (G, H) one of the five senses 4H 4. (H) truthful 5. (T) an amount of cookie dough 5 6 B C 9. (B) one who owes money 7L DOWN 8 M 2. (G, H) a part of the body 3. (G) the time for which a king rules 5. (T, E) a hair of a hog, used for brushes 9D 6. (D, E) container for printer ink 7. (C) shiny varnish 8. (D) a little person Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 7 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 19
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