第 1 页
insect: ladybug mammal: cat A terrific way to: • Sharpen logical thinking skills • Prepare for standardized tests • Understand word relationships • Improve & develop vocabulary
第 2 页
Editor Eric Migliaccio Editor in Chief Ina Massler Levin, M.A. Creative Director Karen J. Goldfluss, M.S. Ed. Illustrator Renee Mc Elwee Cover Artist Brenda DiAntonis Art Coordinator Renee Mc Elwee insect : ladybug Imaging Rosa C. See Craig Gunnell A terrific way to: • Sharpen logical thinking skills • Prepare for standardized tests Publisher • Understand word relationships Mary D. Smith, M.S. Ed. • Improve & develop vocabulary Author Ruth Foster, M.Ed. Teacher Created Resources The classroom teacher may 6421 Industry Way reproduce copies of the Westminster, CA 92683 materials in this book for use in www.teachercreated.com a single classroom only. The reproduction of any part of the ISBN: 978-1-4206-3166-1 book for other classrooms or © 20 11 Teacher Created Resources for an entire school or school Made in U.S.A. system is strictly prohibited. No part of this publication may be transmitted, stored, or recorded in any form without written permission from the publisher.
第 3 页
Table of Contents Introduction 3 Social Studies 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Introducing Analogies 4 Science 34 Synonyms in Analogies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Science 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Antonyms in Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Health 36 Synonym and Antonym Practice . . . . . . . . . 7 Spelling 37 Synonym and Antonym Analogies. . . . . . . . 8 Spelling 2 38 Plurals 9 Homophones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Plurals 2 10 Homophones 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 A Trip to the Zoo 11 Fun with English 41 Animals on the Loose 12 Review of Analogy Types 42 Past and Present 13 Review of Analogy Types 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Past and Present 2 14 Use What You Know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Purpose 15 Use What You Know 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Where Things Go 16 Use What You Know 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Family Names 17 Use What You Know 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Adjectives 18 Analogies in Writing 48 Finding the Connection 19 Analogies in Writing 2 49 Finding the Connection 2 20 Far Out Analogies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Finding the Connection 3 ' 21 Analogies in Reading 51 Trying Out the Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Analogies in Reading 2 52 Part to Whole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Analogies in Reading 3 53 What People Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Connection Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Things that Go Together 25 Connection Review 2 55 Size and Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Practice Being the Teacher 56 Classifying Analogies 27 Practice Being the Teacher 2 57 Classifying Analogies 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Practice What You Know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Practice Making Classes 29 Practice What You Know 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Math 30 Answer Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Math 2 31 Answer Key 61 Social Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking 2 ©Teacher Created Resources
第 4 页
Introduction Think of an analogy as a wonderful puzzle, and one has a great interdisciplinary teaching exercise. An analogy is a type of comparison. An analogy is when a likeness is found between two unlike things. If approached as a puzzle, one solves the analogy by finding out how the pieces fit together. What links the words to each other? How can they be connected or tied together? What is the relationship between them? cat is to meow as dog is to bark Although the example above may appear to be easy, it is an exercise that involves cognitive processes and critical-thinking skills. One must comprehend the words read, categorize them, understand the connection between them, and then find a similar connection between a different pair of words. In this case, both meow and bark are sounds that a cat and dog make, respectively. , Analogies written for this series will focus on a variety of word relationships. They will develop, reinforce, and expand skills in the following areas: -. visual imagery -. reading comprehension -. paying attention to detail (word sequence within word pairs) -. vocabulary development -. synonym, antonym, and homophone recognition and recall -. understanding different shades of word meanings -. reasoning -. standardized-test taking Students will be able to demonstrate mastery by doing the following: -. working with both multiple-choice and write-out question formats -. analyzing and fixing incorrect analogies -. writing their own analogies in both question and sentence format For interdisciplinary practice, some analogies will be subject-specific (addressing science, math, or social studies, for example). Others will push students to think outside of the box, as creative and imaginative connections between words will be asked for. Students may then explain in writing or verbally (depending on skill level) how they created analogous word pairs or situations. Blank answer sheets can be found on page 60. Use these sheets to provide your students with practice in answering questions in a standardized-test format. ©Teacher Created Resources 3 #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking
第 5 页
Introducing Analogies Directions: Fill in the word you think should go in the blank. 1. Cat is to kitten as dog is to _ 2. Cat is to meow as dog is to 3. Cat is to paw as person is to 4. Cat is to fur as bird is to ---------------- 5. Cat is to tame as lion is to What did you just do? You made analogies! An analogy is a likeness in some way between things that are otherwise unlike. A kitten is not a puppy. A kitten is like a puppy, however, because they are both babies. Sometimes analogies are written like this: C"-c-a-t -: -k-itt-e-n-:-: -d-O-9-:-P-u- - - --) p p y • The single colon (:) compares two items in a word pair. • The double colon (::) compares the first word pair to the second word pair. 6. Rewrite question 2, 3, 4, or 5 in the analogy form. Directions: Fill in the blanks to finish the analogies. 7. boy: girl :: mother: _ 8. boy: girl :: dad: 9. boy: girl :: uncle: _ 10. boy: girl :: man: _ #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking 4 ©Teacher Created Resources
第 6 页
Synonyms in Analogies A synonym is a word that is nearly the same in meaning as another word. 1. Which word is not a synonym of the others? ® small ® tiny © big ® little 2. Which answer makes the best analogy? ® small: tiny:: big: little © big: small :: teeny: little ® small: little :: teeny: tiny ® teeny: big:: little: small Directions: Fill in the circle next to the synonym that best completes the analogy. 3. Speedy is to fast as pretty is to ® nice ® quick © silly ® beautiful 4. Trap is to catch as yell is to ® shut ® should © shout ® shell 5. Come is to enter as leave is to ® exit ® stay © race ® place 6. Smelly is to stinky as rest is to ® smart ® part © piece ® relax 7. Funny is to silly as chatty is to ® talkative ® chilly © silent ® breezy 8. Dull is to boring as exciting is to ® tiring ® simple © foolish ® thrilling Directions: Create four answers for this analogy. Only one answer should be correct! 9. Big is to enormous as cruel is to _ ® © ® ® 10. Which one of your answers was correct? Write a sentence telling why. Use the word synonym in your sentence. ©Teacher Created Resources 5 #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking
第 7 页
Antonyms in Analogies An antonym is a word that is the opposite in meaning of another word. 1. Which word is an antonym of the others? ® baked ® cooked © roasted ® raw 2. Which answer makes the best analogy? ® cooked: raw:: fast: slow © roasted: raw:: strange: odd ® raw: baked :: tired: sleepy ® raw: cooked :: silly: funny Directions: Find the antonym that best completes the analogy. 3. Hot is to cold as dirty is to _ ® messy ® clean © filthy ® chilly 4. Old is to young as cowardly is to _ ® shy ® timid © ancient ® brave 5. Dull is to exciting as tasty is to ® thrilling ® tiring © bland ® hot 6. Hard is to soft as simple is to ® easy ® difficult © funny ® foolish 7. Awake is to asleep as stay is to ® play ® exercise © depart ® nap 8. Most is to least as yell is to ® whisper ® shout © scream ® sing Directions: Create four answers for this analogy. Only one answer should be correct! 9. Sad is to happy as cheerful is to ® © ® ® 10. Which one of your answers was correct? Write a sentence telling why. Use the word antonym in your sentence. #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking 6 ©Teacher Created Resources
第 8 页
Synonym and Antonym Practice Directions: First, fill in the circle of the answer that best completes the analogy. Then, write S for synonym or A for antonym on the blank line to describe how the question and answer words are related. The first one has been done for you. Remember ... • Antonyms are words that are opposite in meaning. • Synonyms are words that mean the same. 1. ask: invite S 2. rich: poor ® mumble : shout ® happy: glad ® open: shut ® angry: furious © question: answer © tidy: clean ® start: begin ® well: sick 3. small : enormous 4. wet : soggy ® tired: energetic ® early: late ® near: close ® hateful : loving © many: lots © wealthy : rich ® little: lucky ® swiftly: slowly 5. old : ancient 6. friend : enemy ® lucky: unlucky ® skinny: thin ® foolish: silly ® teacher: student © strange : normal © tall: high ® loud: quiet ® angry: mad 7. dull: shiny 8. costly: expensive ® sleepy: tired ® high: tall ® near: close ® damp: dry © ordinary: strange © cheertul : unhappy ® giant: huge ® ordinary: odd ©Teacher Created Resources 7 #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking
第 9 页
Synonym and Antonym Analogies Directions: Write as many synonyms and antonyms as you can think of for the given words. If you want, you may use a thesaurus. Synonyms Antonyms 1. big 2. rich 3. brave 4. silly 5. sad Directions: Write two analogy questions using some of the words you wrote down. One question should be a synonym. The other question should be an antonym. 6. _ ®-------------------- ®-------------------- ©------------------- ®------------------- Synonym or antonym? _ Correct answer _ 7. _ ®-------------------- ®--------------------- ©-------------------- ®-------------------- Synonym or antonym? _ Correct answer _ #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking 8 ©Teacher Created Resources
第 10 页
Plurals Plural means "more than one." When making some words plural ... • add es to some words ending in o. (Example: potato - potatoes) • change f to v and add s or es to words ending in an for fe. (Example: wife - wives) Directions: Write in the correct answer to complete the analogies. 1. Potato is to potatoes as tomato is to _ 2. Wife is to wives as half is to ----------------------- 3. Leaf is to leaves as wolf is to 4. Life is to lives as kn ife is to 5. Self is to selves as loaf is to _ 6. Veto is to vetoes as volcano is to _ 7. Burglar is to burglars as thief is to 8. Calf is to calves as elf is to _ 9. Shelf is to shelves as hoof is to _ 10. Echo is to echoes as hero is to 11. Which question uses synonyms? Challenge: Try to make up a sentence that uses four or more of the balded words used in the questions. The words can be singular or plural. ©Teacher Created Resources 9 #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking
第 11 页
Plurals 2 1. Use the same words, but rewrite this analogy so it is correct. children . child :: man : men Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy. Pay attention to the order and spelling of single and plural words! 2. knife: knives 3. volcanoes : volcano ® ox: oxes ® childs: child ® ox : oxen ® child: childs © oxes : ox © tooth : teeth ® oxen: ox ® teeth : tooth 4. wolf : wolves 5. echo : echoes ® goose : geese ® tomato : tomatos ® geese : goose ® tomatos : tomato © leaf: leafs © person : people ® leafs: leaf ® people : person 6. thieves: thief 7. heroes : hero ® wifes : wife ® feet: foot ® wife: wifes ® foot: feet © mice: mouse © potatos : potato ® mouse: mice ® potato : potatoes 8. man: men 9. lives: life ® echos : echo ® mouse: mice ® echo: echos ® mice: mouse © women : woman © house: hice ® woman : women ® hice : house 10. What is the correct way to spell the plural of house? _ #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking 10 ©Teacher Created Resources
第 12 页
A Trip to the Zoo Directions: Think about the sounds animals make at the zoo. Then choose the answer that best completes each analogy. Pay attention to order! 1. sheep: baa 2. baa: sheep ® animal: sound ® animal: sound ® sound: animal ® sound: animal 3. sheep: baa 4. donkey: bray ® neigh: cow ® goose: honk ® cow: neigh ® honk: goose © neigh : horse © duck: bark ® horse: neigh ® bark: duck 5. trumpet: elephant 6.• owl: hoot ® hyena : laugh ® frog: moan ® laugh : hyena ® moan: frog © zebra: roar © crow: caw ® roar: zebra ® caw: crow 7. duck: quack 8. peep: chick ® dove: coo ® bray: puppy ® quack: duck ® dog: bark © moo: cow © meow: kitten ® bleat: goat ® cat: meow 9. roar: tiger 10. snake: hiss ® parrot: screech ® boar: croak ® cricket: chirp ® ram: neigh © quack: monkey © stallion: moo ® grunt: warthog ® rooster: crow 11. Think and Write: What is the loudest, strangest, or scariest animal sound you have ever heard? Tell when and where you heard it. ©Teacher Created Resources II #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking
第 13 页
Animals on the Loose Directions: Think about how animals move. Then, choose the answer that best completes each analogy. Pay attention to order! 1. slither: snake 2. snake : slither ® animal: how moves ® animal: how moves ® how moves: animal ® how moves: animal 3. fish: swims 4. horse: gallops ® jellyfish: floats ® tortoise : hops ® floats: jellyfish ® hops : tortoise © starfish : floats © rabbit: hops ® floats : starfish ® hops : rabbit 5. monkey: swings 6. butterfly : flits ® marches : ant ® cow: trots ® ant : marches ® trots: cow © lizard: dives © soars: hawk ® dives: lizard ® hawk: soars 7. jumps: kangaroo 8. waddles : duck ® cheetah : races ® whale : breaches ® crawls : beetle ® goose: jumps © deer: bounds © wiggles: camel ® squirms: fly ® dives: pelican 9. bluebird: fly 10. dolphin: leaps ® emu: soar ® elephant: floats ® ostrich: run ® camel: bounds © walk: kiwi © reindeer: prances ® swim: penguin ® jumps: frog 11. Think and Write: A penguin cannot fly. Yet people say that penguins can fly through the water. Why do you think this is so? #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking 12 ©Teacher Created Resources
第 14 页
Past and Present A verb is an action word. A verb tells you what you are doing. Verbs have different tenses. • The present tense is used for an action that is happening now. • The past tense is used for an action that has already happened. Directions: Look at the examples of verbs. Write down two more examples. Present Past ride rode write wrote Directions: Choose a word from the word box that.best completes each analogy. rose speed hurt see bled walk taught gazed searched find 1. become : became:: teach : 2. look: looked :: gaze: 3. knew : know :: saw : 4. dance : danced :: bleed : 5. thought: think :: found: 6. give : gave :: search : 7. cut: cut :: hurt: 8. led: lead :: walked: 9. send : sent:: rise : 10. spoke : speak :: sped : 11. Write down the question numbers of the ones that were ... • present to past • impossible to tell • past to present • synonyms ©Teacher Created Resources 13 #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking
第 15 页
Past and Present 2 Some analogies are based on past and present verb tenses. Something past has already happened. Something present is happening now. Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy. Pay attention to order! 1. buy: bought 2. bought: buy ® present: past ® present: past ® past : present ® past: present 3. eat : ate :: choose : 4. sit: sat :: creep: ® choses ® creeps ® chose ® creeping © chosing © crept ® chosed ® creeper 5. came: come 6. heard: hear ® dug: dig ® listen: listens ® dig: dug ® listens: listen © felt: feeling © kept: keep ® feeling: felt ® keep: kept 7. leave: left 8. fell: fall ® trying : tries ® tore: tear ® tries: trying ® tear: tore © wept: weep © rip: rips ® weep: wept ® rips: rip 9. Write down the past and present tense of two verbs. The verbs you list should not be in the questions above. , Present Past 1. 2. 10. Make an analogy using your verbs from Question 9. #3166 Analogies jor Critical Thinking 14 ©Teacher Created Resources r
第 16 页
Purpose Some analogies are based on how things can be used, or what their purposes are. Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy. Pay attention to order! 1. scissors : cut 2. cut: scissors ® thing: use ® thing: use ® use: thing ® use: thing 3. spoon: stir :: book: 4. smell : nose :: hear : ® sip ® mouth ® throw ® face © read © foot @ plate @ ear 5. brush : paint 6. phone: call ® write: pencil ® cut: paper ® pencil: write ® paper: cut © finger: hand © jump: rope @ hand: finger @ rope: jump 7. bake: oven 8. draw: crayon ® float: raft ® red: orange ® raft: float ® orange: red © bike: car © sip: straw @ car: bike @ straw: sip 9. List two things. Write down their purpose. The things you list should not be in the questions above. Thing Purpose 1. 2. - 10. Make an analogy using your answers from Question 9. ©Teacher Created Resources 15 #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking
第 17 页
Where Things Go Some analogies are based on where things go, where they live, or where they are found. Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy. Pay attention to order! 1. wall : picture 2. picture: wall ® thing : where goes ® thing: where goes ® where goes: thing ® where goes: thing 3. dress : closet:: rug : 4. car: road :: train: ® roof ® track ® carpet ® engine © window © land @ floor @ crossing 5. bed: boy 6. kitchen : stove ® fire: red ® library: book ® red: fire ® book: library © crib: baby © oven : refrigerator @ baby: crib @ refrigerator: oven 7. boat: water 8. water: glass ® air: plane ® milk: white ® plane: air ® white: milk © bird: seeds © vase: flower @ seeds: bird @ flower: vase 9. List two things. Write down where they go, live, or are found. The things you list should not be in the questions. Thing Where Thing Goes, Lives, or Is Found 1. 2. 10. Make an analogy using your answers from Question 9. #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking 16 ©Teacher Created Resources
第 18 页
Family Names Some analogies are based on the names of old, young, male, and female family members. Directions: Choose the answer that best completes each analogy. Pay attention to order! 1. dog: puppy 2. puppy: dog ® old: young ® old: young ® young: old ® young: old 3. cat : kitten :: horse: 4. mom: dad :: aunt: ® foal ® mother ® baby ® uncle © stallion © brother ® mare ® grandmother 5. duck: duckling 6. calf: fawn ® sister: brother ® deer:cow ® brother: sister ® cow: deer © gosling: goose © sheep : horse ® goose: gosling ® horse : sheep 7. rooster : hen 8. ewe: lamb ® piglet: lamb ® mare: foal ® lamb: piglet ® foal: mare © buck: doe © sheep: ram ® doe: buck ® ram: sheep 9. A colt is a boy baby horse. A filly is a girl baby horse. Make up an analogy where you use the words colt and filly. Make sure only one answer is correct. You may use words from the other questions if you want. ® © ® ® 10. What answer was correct? Tell why. ©Teacher Created Resources 17 #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking
第 19 页
Adjectives Adjectives are often used in analogies. An adjective is a word that describes a noun. Adjectives answer three questions: 1. What kind is it? 2. How many are there? 3. Which one is it? Directions: Fill in the blanks and find the answer that best completes the analogies. 1. In the word pair Ifire: hot I' the word h is an --------------------------- a because it tells what kind of fire it is. 2. In the word pair Icold : ice I ' the word __________________________ isan because it tells what kind of ice it is. 3. tiny: ant :: big: 4. 24 : 1 :: hours: ® speck ® week ® elephant ® year © large © day ® fly ® month 5. sandy : beach 6. cheetah : swift ® dry: desert ® whale: calf ® desert: dry ® calf: whale © ocean: swim © tortoise : slow ® swim: ocean ® slow: tortoise 7. months : year 8. sweet: candy ® 1 : 7 ® lemon: sour ® 7 : 1 ® sour: lemon © 1 : 12 © Earth: moon ® 12 : 1 ® moon: Earth 9. Think of two adjectives that might be used to describe each noun. • mountain • pebble 10. Make an analogy using words and answers from question 9. --------------""--------------" " #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking 18 ©Teacher Created Resources
第 20 页
Finding the Connection Directions: All of the analogies below have the same connection between the word pairs. Choose the answer that best completes each analogy and answer the questions. 1. bird: feathers 2. tree: bark ® wrapper : candy ® plant: shrub @ cat: fur @ yellow : banana © crow: fly © frame: picture ® tree : branch ® orange : peel 3. girl: skin 4. nut:shell ® boy: grin ® banana : peel @ high: low @ yellow: paint © fish : scales © wall: wallpaper ® bookcase: shelf ® number: letter 5. sandwich : bread 6. boy: cap ® crown: gold ® bonnet: girl @ pie: crust @ crab : orange © hammer: nail © mountain: high ® shell: turtle ® king: crown 7. gift: wrapping paper 8. apple: skin ® tablecloth : table ® Earth : planet @ floor: walk @ ocean : Earth © sink: dishes © Earth : crust ® pillow: pillowcase ® atmosphere : Earth 9. How are all the question and correct-answer words connected or related? 10. Write your own analogy using four of these words: oyster, nose, shell, ocean, otter, fur. ©Teacher Created Resources 19 #3166 Analogies for Critical Thinking
评论 (0)
暂无评论。快来抢沙发吧！