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A WholeA Whole Fascinating FactsFascinating Facts New WorldNew World •• In Columbus’s day “the Indies” was the termIn Columbus’s day “the Indies” was the term that people in Europe used for lands such asthat people in Europe used for lands such as India, China, and Japan.India, China, and Japan. •• Columbus was born in Italy, yet it wasColumbus was born in Italy, yet it was Spain that paid for his voyages.Spain that paid for his voyages. •• In 1507 a German mapmaker wroteIn 1507 a German mapmaker wrote “America” in honor of Amerigo Vespucci“America” in honor of Amerigo Vespucci on one of his maps. People in Europe startedon one of his maps. People in Europe started to use this new name for the country.to use this new name for the country. GenreGenre Comprehension SkillComprehension Skill Text FeaturesText Features Nonfi ctionNonfi ction Cause and EffectCause and Effect • Glossary• Glossary • Captions• Captions • Illustrations• Illustrations • Headings• Headings Scott Foresman Social StudiesScott Foresman Social Studies ì<(sk$m)=beidbi<ì<(sk$m)=beidbi<ISBNISBN 0-328-14831-80-328-14831-8 +^-Ä-U-Ä-U+^-Ä-U-Ä-U by Barbara Fiferby Barbara Fifer
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Explorers opened up a whole new world. Write to It!A Whole In this book you will learn about some explorers what they did. Suppose that you are a colonist. Writea letter to your family telling aboutNew World Vocabulary your adventures. explorer Write your letter on a separate sheet colony of paper. fleet cargo conquer strait Photographs Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd)by Barbara Fifer Opener: ©Museo Historico Nacional Buenos Aires/Dagli Orti/The Art Archive 2 ©Robert Harding World Imagery/Alamy Images 3 ©Museo Historico Nacional Buenos Aires /Dagli Orti/The Art Archive 4 ©Monastre de la Rabida, Palos/Giraudon, Paris/SuperStock 5 ©Corbis 6 ©DK Images ISBN: 0-328-14831-8 7 ©Mary Evans Picture Library/Photo Researchers, Inc. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. 8 ©The San Diego Historical Society Photograph Collection All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected 9 ©Hulton Archive/Getty Images by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited 10 ©Bettmann/Corbis reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, 11 ©The Granger Collection, NYEditorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding 12 ©The Granger Collection, NY permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, 13 ©The Granger Collection, NYSales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois Glenview, Illinois 60025. 14 ©The Granger Collection, NYCoppell, Texas • Sacramento, California • Mesa, Arizona 15 ©The Granger Collection, NY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 3, 4, 8, 10, 11, 13 frames ©Getty Images
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What Is out There? In the 1300s traders from Europe were interested in the spices and treasures of India and China. Spices were worth as much as gold. They helped keep food fresh and taste better. By the late 1400s explorers hoped to sail ships to India and China. The explorers had to find the way and draw maps. Explorers used ships on their journeys. Portugal Africa was one of the first places that explorers went. Sailors from Portugal traveled down Africa’s west coast in the early 1400s. Portugal hoped to start colonies there. Explorers hoped to find spices. 2 3
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John Cabot John Cabot was another Italian explorer. King Henry VII of England sent Cabot across the Atlantic Ocean in 1497 in search of spices. Cabot sailed to what is now Canada. Cabot tried to return there the next year with a fleet, or group of ships. One ship turned back, and the others disappeared. Christopher Columbus explored for Spain. Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer. He wanted to sail west to find a new way to get to China. Columbus sailed across the Atlantic Ocean. He reached land on October 12, 1492. He was sure he was near China — but he was in the John Cabot sailed Americas! for England. 4
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Robbers! Robbers soon heard about the ships that were carrying treasure from the New World. There were two types of robbers. Privateers were people hired by a king or queen to steal cargo from ships of other countries. Pirates were outlaws, or thieves, who stole on their own. The Taino lived on islands in the Caribbean Sea. Spain Spain claimed land and started colonies. Columbus left men behind on his first trip. The men fought with the Taino. The colonists made the Taino work for them. Colonists also demanded gold or silver from the Taino. Soon, ships carrying this treasure were Sir Francis Drake was an explorer and privateer. sailing across the Atlantic Ocean. He sailed around the world from 1577–1580. 6 7
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Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo helped the Spanish military explore new lands. In 1542 Cabrillo led an expedition up the coast of today’s California. He is remembered for being the first European to explore California. Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo explored California. Jacques Cartier explored North America. Jacques Cartier In 1535 King Francis I of France sent Jacques Cartier to explore North America. Cartier made three trips to what is now Canada and sailed up the St. Lawrence River. He claimed the land for France. 8 9
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Francisco Vásquez de Coronado Explorers from Spain moved into the American Southwest from Mexico. In 1540 Francisco Vásquez de Coronado took three hundred Spanish men and eight hundred American Indians with him as he explored what is now Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. Missionaries such as Father Junípero Serra later reached California. They began building missions in 1769. Hernando de Soto explored the Mississippi River. The Spanish and the French Explore In 1541 Spain’s Hernando de Soto was the first European to explore the Mississippi River. He and his men wanted to find gold and conquer the land and people who lived there. Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette explored most of the river’s northern half for France in 1673. In 1682 another French explorer, Robert Francisco Vásquez de Coronado explored the American Southwest. La Salle, traveled the entire river. 10 11
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Henry Hudson Henry Hudson was English but sailed for the Dutch in 1609. Hudson crossed the Atlantic to look for a strait that went to China. A strait is a narrow body of water connecting two larger ones. Hudson sailed up the Hudson River to Albany, in New York State. He started a Dutch colony there. Samuel de Champlain explored for France. Henry Hudson sailed for the Dutch. Samuel de Champlain Samuel de Champlain explored for France. In 1603 Champlain sailed to what is now Canada. He found Ottawa River, Lake Ontario, Lake Huron, and Lake Champlain. Champlain started a colony that is now Québec, Canada. 12 13
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Early Colonies English traders started their country’s first permanent colony, Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. In 1624 the Dutch began the New Netherland Colony in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Delaware. The Dutch bought Manhattan Island from the American Indians and built a Colonists had to plant crops. town. Later, England took control of the town and named it New York. Sweden’s colony in Delaware started in 1638. The Dutch took it over later, and then England. Why Explore? Jamestown was England’s first permanent colony. Explorers sailed on long journeys. Some explorers ran out of food or got sick, and some fought in battles. Explorers traveled because they worked for a country or a company. Some wanted to know more about the world. Others wanted fame and riches. 15
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GlossaryExplorers opened up a whole new world. In this book you will learn about some Write to It! cargo a group of things a ship takes from explorers what they did. Suppose that you are a colonist. Write one place to another a letter to your family telling about colony a country or area that is ruled by your adventures. another countryVocabulary explorer Write your letter on a separate sheet conquer to take control, by force, of people and the land where they livecolony of paper. explorer a person who travels looking forfleet new lands and discoveriescargo fleet a large group of shipsconquer strait a narrow body of water connectingstrait two larger bodies of water Photographs Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: ©Museo Historico Nacional Buenos Aires/Dagli Orti/The Art Archive 2 ©Robert Harding World Imagery/Alamy Images 3 ©Museo Historico Nacional Buenos Aires /Dagli Orti/The Art Archive 4 ©Monastre de la Rabida, Palos/Giraudon, Paris/SuperStock 5 ©Corbis 6 ©DK Images ISBN: 0-328-14831-8 7 ©Mary Evans Picture Library/Photo Researchers, Inc. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. 8 ©The San Diego Historical Society Photograph Collection All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected 9 ©Hulton Archive/Getty Images by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited 10 ©Bettmann/Corbis reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, 11 ©The Granger Collection, NY electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding 12 ©The Granger Collection, NY permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, 13 ©The Granger Collection, NY Glenview, Illinois 60025. 14 ©The Granger Collection, NY 15 ©The Granger Collection, NY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 0516 3, 4, 8, 10, 11, 13 frames ©Getty Images
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