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TEST 9
Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
PROTECT OUR PLANET - ACT NOW!
Join the Movement to Save Earth's Biodiversity
Are you ready to make a difference?
Our planet faces an unprecedented environmental crisis. The (1)_________ of natural habitats has
become increasingly alarming over recent decades. Scientists, (2)_________ have studied ecosystems
for centuries, warn that one million species face extinction. Indigenous communities (3)_________ 80%
of global biodiversity need our support urgently.
Why should you care?
Human activities severely disrupt the (4)_________ of the biosphere, threatening all living creatures on
Earth. We must (5)_________ carbon emissions before irreversible damage occurs.
The time for action is NOW!
Preserving wildlife today is (6)_________ addressing any other global challenge.
JOIN OUR CAMPAIGN TODAY
Together, we can reverse habitat degradation and secure a sustainable future for generations ahead!
Visit: www.saveourbiodiversity.org
Every action counts. Every voice matters.
https://www.theguardian.com/lk
Question 1:A. destruction B. destroyable C. destructive D. destructively
Question 2:A. whose B. whom C. which D. who
Question 3:A. had protected B. protecting C. which protected D. protected
Question 4:A. foundation B. facilitation C. functioning D. formation
Question 5:A. cut down on B. come up with C. crack down on D. catch up with
Question 6:A. most crucial than B. more crucial than
C. the most crucial D. as crucial than
Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.
UNIVERSITY OF THE FUTURE
Your Lifelong Learning Partner
Welcome to a New Era of Education!
The world is changing rapidly. Skills become outdated faster than ever before. Are you prepared for
tomorrow's challenges?
Why Choose Our Institution?
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In keeping (7)_________ global trends, modern universities now prioritize flexible and accessible
learning pathways for everyone. (8)_________ traditional degrees remain highly valuable in today's
society, microcredentials now offer remarkably practical advantages for busy professionals.
Our Unique Approach
We firmly reject the (9)_________ way of thinking that merely treats students as customers paying
expensive tuition fees. Our (10)_________ successfully connects ambitious learners with experienced
and dedicated industry experts worldwide.
Benefits for Your Career
(11)_________ university education provides much more than academic knowledge - it builds valuable
networks lasting throughout your entire professional journey. Our comprehensive career guidance
effectively helps graduates stay financially (12)_________ during increasingly uncertain economic
periods.
ENROLL TODAY
Contact: info@futureuniversity.edu
"Students never truly graduate - they evolve."
https://www.insidehighered.com/lk
Question 7:A. for B. about C. at D. with
Question 8:A. Even though B. Whereas C. Much as D. Given that
Question 9:A. transactional B. institutional C. conventional D. commercial
Question 10:A. innovative mentorship program B. innovative program mentorship
C. mentorship program innovative D. program mentorship innovative
Question 11:A. Ø (no article) B. The C. A D. An
Question 12:A. affluent B. afloat C. affirmative D. affordable
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or
sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.
Question 13:
a. Lily: Hey Tom, did you know scientists now use tiny cameras on birds to track their migration patterns?
b. Lily: Not anymore! Technology helps us protect wildlife without disturbing their natural behavior at all.
c. Tom: Wow, that sounds incredible! I thought researchers only watched animals through binoculars from
far away.
A. c-a-b B. a-b-c C. b-a-c D. a-c-b
Question 14:
a. Ryan: I spent time reflecting on my core values and passions, and then I realized that helping others
brings me the greatest joy in life.
b. Emma: That makes sense to me, so how did you figure out your own career direction while studying
here at university?
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c. Emma: I have been thinking about my future career lately, but I feel confused because everyone keeps
telling me to choose a job that pays well.
d. Ryan: I understand your concern, yet I believe we should first discover who we truly are before
deciding what profession to pursue.
e. Emma: Your approach sounds really inspiring, so I will start exploring my own identity before making
any major career decisions from now on.
A. c-e-a-d-b B. d-a-e-b-c C. c-d-b-a-e D. b-d-c-a-e
Question 15:
Dear Sophie,
a. Although I started learning guitar last month, I still struggle with basic chords because my fingers feel
clumsy and uncoordinated every single time.
b. When I watch others play beautifully, I sometimes feel embarrassed since I cannot produce even simple
melodies without making many mistakes.
c. I hope this letter encourages you to try something new, even if you feel scared, because growth always
begins outside our comfort zone.
d. Since I accepted that not knowing everything is perfectly normal, I now feel more confident whenever I
pick up my guitar to practice.
e. However, I have realized that being a beginner requires courage because nobody becomes an expert
without experiencing failure and frustration first.
With warm regards,
LK
A. a-b-e-d-c B. b-e-c-a-d C. d-a-b-e-c D. e-a-d-b-c
Question 16:
a. Many students stay up late to study for exams, but they do not realize that lack of sleep actually harms
their ability to remember information effectively.
b. Although studying hard remains important for academic success, getting quality rest is equally essential
since sleep transforms short-term memories into lasting knowledge.
c. Scientists have discovered that students who sleep seven to eight hours perform much better on tests,
and they also feel more focused in class.
d. If you want to improve your memory retention, you should establish a consistent bedtime routine
because regularity helps your brain function optimally.
e. When we sleep deeply at night, our brains actively process and organize all the new knowledge that we
have learned during the day.
A. a-e-c-d-b B. d-c-a-e-b C. e-d-a-c-b D. c-e-d-a-b
Question 17:
a. Instead of letting self-doubt paralyze your career growth, you should embrace it as a signal that you
genuinely care about performing well in your role.
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b. Many successful professionals secretly feel like frauds at work, and they constantly worry that
colleagues will discover they are not as competent as everyone believes.
c. If you learn to channel imposter syndrome productively, it becomes powerful fuel for success because
self-awareness drives meaningful personal development over time.
d. Although imposter syndrome causes anxiety and stress, research shows that these uncomfortable
feelings can actually motivate people to work harder and improve continuously.
e. When you doubt your abilities, you tend to prepare more thoroughly for presentations, and you also
seek feedback actively to enhance your professional skills.
A. b-a-d-c-e B. b-d-e-a-c C. b-e-d-a-c D. b-c-a-d-e
Read the following passage about The Transformative Power of Immersive Technologies and mark
the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered
blanks from 18 to 22.
Immersive technologies, including Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Extended Reality, are
revolutionizing numerous sectors beyond mere entertainment applications. (18)_________, multi-sensory
environments where students practice complex skills safely without real-world consequences. The
healthcare industry has witnessed remarkable advancements owing to immersive applications. VR-trained
surgeons, who demonstrate significantly fewer errors during operations, exemplify how simulation-based
learning enhances medical competency effectively. These groundbreaking technologies facilitate remote
rehabilitation therapy; (19)_________. Beyond therapeutic applications, immersive platforms accelerate
scientific research by enabling professionals to visualize intricate three-dimensional data models efficiently.
Collaboration across geographical boundaries becomes seamless; (20)_________. Nevertheless,
stakeholders must address critical concerns regarding ethics, data privacy, and potential addiction risks.
What remains fundamentally essential, (21)_________, is the foundation for sustainable progress. The
metaverse represents humanity's next frontier for digital interaction and experiential learning opportunities.
Provided that responsible development principles guide technological advancement, immersive innovations
shall unlock unprecedented human potential globally. Society stands at a pivotal crossroads (22)_________
or exacerbate existing inequalities throughout communities worldwide.
https://www.weforum.org/lk
Question 18:
A. It is through these advanced virtual systems that educators can create immersive
B. It is through these innovative digital tools that educators can create engaging
C. It is through these innovative virtual tools that educators can create engaging
D. It is through these innovative digital tools that educators can design engaging
Question 19:
A. moreover, they provide accessible treatment options for patients suffering from anxiety and chronic pain
conditions
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B. however, they provide accessible treatment options for patients suffering from anxiety and chronic pain
conditions
C. therefore, they provide accessible treatment options for patients suffering from anxiety and chronic pain
conditions
D. furthermore, they provide limited treatment options for patients suffering from anxiety and chronic pain
conditions
Question 20:
A. consequently, innovation cycles expand significantly in engineering and development fields
B. therefore, innovation cycles shorten gradually in engineering and development fields
C. consequently, innovation cycles shorten dramatically in engineering and development fields
D. furthermore, innovation cycles shorten dramatically in engineering and development fields
Question 21:
A. what programmers create regarding functional security policies plus collaborative computing guidelines
B. why researchers maintain comprehensive accountability structures together with shared developmental
norms
C. how engineers construct rigorous oversight mechanisms combined with accessible innovation protocols
D. that developers establish transparent governance frameworks alongside open technological standards
Question 22:
A. where thoughtful implementation determines whether these powerful instruments serve collective
betterment
B. where mindful application will determine whether those digital innovations support communal
advancement
C. where careful integration had determined whether such advanced mechanisms benefit societal
improvement
D. which thoughtful implementation determines whether these powerful instruments serve collective
betterment
Read the following passage about The Impact of Learning Communities on Education and mark the
letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions
from 23 to 30.
Learning communities have emerged as a prominent pedagogical approach in contemporary
education. A systematic review examining 35 studies through rigorous PRISMA methodology investigated
their influence on four fundamental dimensions: learning outcomes, communication, motivation, and
anxiety. This analytical framework ensures comprehensive evaluation by systematically selecting pertinent
research. Consequently, the findings provide robust evidence supporting the effectiveness of learning
communities across diverse educational contexts and various instructional settings worldwide.
These communities substantially enhance academic achievement by fostering collaboration and
meaningful interaction among participants. Such environments encourage active engagement, knowledge
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exchange, and constructive dialogue, all contributing to profound comprehension and scholastic excellence.
Learners benefit from peer support and collective problem-solving, which strengthen their analytical
capabilities. The collaborative nature of these settings transforms passive recipients into active contributors,
thereby cultivating critical thinking skills essential for academic success.
Furthermore, learning communities significantly bolster learners' motivation by establishing
supportive and stimulating atmospheres. Concurrently, they alleviate anxiety, particularly within digital or
technology-mediated contexts. Well-structured online platforms enable participants to feel more comfortable
and self-assured, increasing their willingness to engage despite potential challenges. This psychological
safety net encourages risk-taking in learning, allowing students to explore complex concepts without fear of
judgment or failure.
Digital technologies play an indispensable role in strengthening communication within these
communities. Appropriate integration of innovative tools facilitates flexible, interactive, and personalized
learning experiences. The study concludes that optimizing community design and leveraging technological
resources are paramount for maximizing educational benefits. Ultimately, learning communities
simultaneously improve academic performance, emotional well-being, and sustained engagement,
making them invaluable for modern educational systems seeking holistic student development.
https://www.nature.com/lk
Question 23: Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the passage as a dimension influenced by
learning communities?
A. Learning outcomes
B. Financial literacy
C. Communication
D. Anxiety
Question 24: The word “pertinent” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.
A. relevant B. applicable C. irrelevant D. appropriate
Question 25: The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.
A. learning communities B. peer support C. participants D. learners
Question 26: The word “alleviate” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by _________.
A. intensify B. mitigate C. exacerbate D. aggravate
Question 27: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. Learning communities enhance knowledge, support mental health, and maintain involvement, proving
essential for comprehensive education today.
B. These communities solely boost grades and focus on emotional support, being optional for most schools
aiming at academic growth.
C. By fostering social skills and test results independently, learning communities play a supplementary part
in student education development.
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D. Modern education systems find little value in learning communities which mostly improve either
cognitive or emotional aspects separately.
Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Learning communities often increase anxiety and reduce motivation in students.
B. Technology hinders effective communication in learning communities.
C. Individual study is more important than peer interaction for critical thinking.
D. Learning communities improve performance and motivation and reduce anxiety.
Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention what the PRISMA methodology ensures?
A. Paragraph 4 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 1 D. Paragraph 3
Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer mention what is paramount for maximizing educational
benefits?
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 4 C. Paragraph 2 D. Paragraph 3
Read the following passage about the Nature's Unexpected Climate Warriors and mark the letter A,
B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31
to 40.
In the ongoing battle against climate change, scientists have discovered an unlikely ally: the beaver.
[I] Recent research indicates that these industrious rodents may significantly contribute to reducing
atmospheric carbon levels through their natural engineering abilities. By constructing elaborate dam
systems, beavers transform ordinary river landscapes into thriving wetland ecosystems capable of capturing
and storing substantial amounts of carbon dioxide. This remarkable finding demonstrates nature's capacity to
bounce back and provide innovative solutions to environmental crises that human technology alone cannot
adequately address.
A compelling case study conducted in northern Switzerland revealed the extraordinary carbon
sequestration potential of beaver-modified habitats. [II] Researchers documented that a single beavercreated wetland could capture approximately 108-146 tons of carbon annually, equivalent to emissions
produced by hundreds of petroleum barrels. This quantity represents a significant contribution to regional
carbon reduction goals. This captured carbon becomes stored within various ecosystem components,
including accumulated sediments, aquatic vegetation, standing water bodies, and decomposing
deadwood scattered throughout the habitat.
The underlying mechanism facilitating this process involves fundamental landscape transformation.
When beavers construct dams across waterways, they dramatically decelerate water flow, thereby creating
expansive wetland areas. These newly formed environments efficiently trap organic materials carried by
streams while simultaneously promoting vigorous plant growth. [III] The combination of sediment
accumulation and enhanced vegetation establishes ideal conditions for long-term carbon storage, effectively
converting river systems into net carbon sinks rather than emission sources.
Environmental experts suggest that strategically reintroducing beaver populations across suitable
territories could meaningfully contribute to climate mitigation efforts through cost-effective, nature-based
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approaches. [IV] Carbon sequestration rates vary considerably depending on local environmental conditions,
geographic factors, and ecosystem characteristics. Furthermore, beaver activity alone cannot
comprehensively resolve the climate crisis. Despite these limitations, scientists conclude that beavers
represent invaluable natural partners in enhancing carbon capture, restoring degraded ecosystems, and
strengthening overall environmental resilience against future climatic disruptions.
https://www.livescience.com/lk
Question 31: The phrase “bounce back” in paragraph 1 has the closest meaning to _________.
A. spring back B. fall apart C. break down D. wear out
Question 32: Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED as a component storing captured carbon?
A. Accumulated sediments
B. Aquatic vegetation
C. Subterranean root networks
D. Decomposing deadwood
Question 33: Where in the paragraph does the following sentence best fit?
Nevertheless, researchers emphasize important caveats regarding this strategy.
A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]
Question 34: The word “sequestration” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.
A. retention B. confinement C. accumulation D. discharge
Question 35: The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to _________.
A. waterways B. beavers C. scientists D. dams
Question 36: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 4?
A. Beaver reintroduction offers valuable climate benefits despite limitations and variable conditions.
B. Scientists reject beaver strategies due to inconsistent sequestration rates across regions.
C. Environmental experts prioritize technological solutions over natural ecosystem restoration methods.
D. Beaver populations cause significant disruptions to local habitats and climate patterns.
Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?
A. Carbon escapes into the atmosphere through sediments, plants, water, and rotting wood in wetlands.
B. Wetland habitats release stored carbon from soil deposits, flora, ponds, and decaying timber regularly.
C. Absorbed carbon is retained in diverse habitat elements like soil layers, plants, water, and dead wood.
D. Ecosystem components including sediments and vegetation prevent carbon from entering wetland
habitats.
Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Beaver dams accelerate water flow and prevent wetland formation in river systems.
B. Carbon sequestration rates remain consistent regardless of environmental conditions.
C. Human technology provides more effective climate solutions than natural approaches.
D. Beavers help restore ecosystems and strengthen environmental climate resilience.
Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
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A. Beavers deliberately construct dams with the intention of combating climate change.
B. Combining natural and technological methods may optimize climate mitigation strategies.
C. Researchers believe beaver reintroduction programs will completely eliminate carbon emissions.
D. Wetland ecosystems created by beavers produce more carbon than they actually capture.
Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A. Beavers offer a promising natural approach to carbon capture despite certain limitations.
B. Scientists have abandoned technological solutions in favor of beaver-based climate strategies.
C. Beaver populations in Switzerland have solved regional carbon emission problems completely.
D. Wetland ecosystems are ineffective at storing carbon compared to other natural environments.
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