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9 Chapter 9: Moving to Design Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition www.goupee.com
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9 Learning Objectives Discuss the issues related to managing and coordinating the design phase of the SDLC Explain the major components and levels of design Describe each design phase activity Describe common deployment environments and matching application architectures Develop a simple network diagram and estimate communication capacity requirements Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 2
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9 Overview This chapter: Completes the transition from analysis to design Discusses issues related to design of new system Describes all design phase activities Describes network and architecture design Analysis focuses on what system should do – business requirements Design is oriented toward how system will be built – defining structural components Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 3
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9 Understanding the Elements of Design Design is process of describing, organizing, and structuring system components at architectural design level and detailed design level Focused on construction Like developing blueprints Three questions: What components require systems design? What are inputs to and outputs of design process? How is systems design done? Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 4
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9 Components Requiring Systems Design Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 5
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9 Analysis Objectives to Design Objectives Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 6
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9 Moving from Analysis to Design Design: Converts functional models from analysis into models that represent the solution Focused on technical issues Requires less user involvement than analysis Design may use structured or OO approaches Database can be relational, OO or hybrid User interface issues Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 7
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9 Traditional Structured and Object-Oriented Models Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 8
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9 SDLC Phases with Design Phase Activities Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 9
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9 Design Phase Activities and Key Questions Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 10
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9 Design and Integrate the Network Network specialists establish network based on strategic plan Project team typically integrates system into existing network Technical requirements have to do with communication via networks Technical issues handled by network specialists: Reliability, security, throughput, synchronization Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 11
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9 Design the Application Architecture Specify how system activities are carried out Described during system analysis as logical models After design alternative is selected, detailed computer processing is designed as physical models such as: physical data flow diagrams, structure charts, interaction diagrams Approach varies depending on development and deployment environments Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 12
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9 Design the User Interfaces User interface quality is critical aspect of system Design of user interface defines how user interacts with system GUI: windows, dialog boxes, mouse interaction Sound, video, voice commands To user of system, user interface is the system User interface specialists: interface designers, usability consultants, human factors engineers Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 13
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9 Design the System Interfaces Systems interfaces enable systems to share and exchange information Internal organization systems Interfaces with system outside organization New system interfacing with package application that organization has purchased and installed System interfaces can be complex Organization needs very specialized technical skills to work on these interfaces Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 14
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9 Design and Integrate the Database System analysis data model used to create physical database model Collection of traditional computer files, relational database, and/or object-oriented databases Technical requirements, such as response times, determine database performance needs Design work might involve: Performance tuning Integration between new and existing databases Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 15
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9 Prototype for Design Details Continue to create and evaluate prototypes during design phase Prototypes confirm design choices: Database Network architecture Controls Programming environment Rapid application development’s (RAD) design prototypes evolve into finished system Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 16
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9 Design and Integrate the System Controls Final design activity to ensure system has adequate safeguards (system controls) to protect organizational assets Controls are needed for all other design activities User interface – limit access to authorized users System interface – protect from other systems Application architecture – record transactions Database – protect from software/hardware failure Network design – protect communications Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 17
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9 Project Management: Coordinating the Project Coordinating Project Teams Project schedule - coordinating ongoing work The Project Team at RMO As project team grows – structure may change Coordinating Information CASE tools and central repository Team communication and information coordination Track open items and unresolved issues Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 18
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9 System Development Information Stored in the CASE Repository Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 19
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9 Deployment Environment Deployment environment definition bridges analysis and design Hardware System software Networking Common deployment environments in which system will operate Related design patterns and architectures for application software Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 3rd Edition 20
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