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Life Sciences Standards Preview Standard Set 2. Life Sciences 2.f. Students know flowers and fruits are associated with reproduction in 2. Plants and animals have plants. predictable life cycles. As a basis for understanding this concept: 2.e. Students know light, gravity, touch, or environmental stress can affect the germination, growth, and development of plants. by Mary Beth Spann Genre Comprehension Skill Text Features Science Content Nonfi ction Main Idea and Details • Captions Plants • Labels • Glossary Scott Foresman Science 2.5 ì<(sk$m)=cdfaha<ISBN 0-328-23507-5 +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
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Vocabulary germinate pollen seed coat seedling stem by Mary Beth Spann Picture Credits Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson. ISBN: 0-328-23507-5 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06
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What do plants Plant Parts need to grow? A plant has four main parts. It has roots, a stem, leaves, and flowers. Plants need water, air, and sunlight A plant’s roots grow down into the soil. to grow. They hold the plant in place. They need nutrients from the soil. Nutrients help plants grow. Stems and leaves seek light as they grow. These plants are growing well. 2 3
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Roots take in water from the soil. Green leaves make food for the plant. Roots also take in nutrients from the soil. They make food using air, water, and Roots carry water and nutrients to the stem. energy from light. The stem holds up the plant. Flowers make seeds. It carries water and nutrients to the Seeds can grow into new plants. leaves. This plant’s flowers are purple. Roots grow down. Stems, leaves, and flowers grow up. 4 5
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How can the Other Changes in Plants environment Wind can change how plants grow. Vines grow along the ground. change the way They change how they grow when they touch another plant. plants grow? Plants get nutrients from the soil. A change to the environment can Some soil lacks enough nutrients. change how a plant grows. This can cause plants to grow poorly. Plants need the right amount of sunlight and water to grow and stay healthy. Some vines grow around Plants also need the right temperatures. other plants. Without enough water, plants can die. 6 7
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How do fl owers, The hard outside cover of a seed is seeds, and fruit called a seed coat. Inside each seed is a tiny plant. help plants grow? Food is stored around the new plant. The plant uses the stored food as it A flower’s outside part is the petal. grows. The petal’s powder is pollen. Pollen helps seeds grow inside flowers. Fruit grows around the seeds. It protects the seeds. Seeds make new plants. Oranges and apples grow seeds. pollen petal Use a magnifying glass to look inside a flower. 8 9
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The Life Cycle of a Peach Tree A seedling, or young plant, has now A peach seed is planted. grown. If it gets enough water and air, it can The seedling will grow. germinate, or begin to grow. It will change into an adult peach tree. The seed’s roots and stem grow. Peach seeds come from a fruit. The tree’s peach seeds can grow into new trees. A seed germinates The seedling grows into a seedling. into a peach tree with flowers. 10 11
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Glossary What did you learn? 1. What are some things plants need to grow? germinate begin to grow 2. What are some parts of a plant? pollen a powder found in flowers 3. What source would seed coat a hard outer covering of a seed you use if you wanted to learn more about peach trees? What source would you use if you wanted to know where the word peach seedling a young plant came from? Use these sources to write a couple of sentences about peach trees. stem the part of a plant that holds it up and carries water and nutrients 4. Main Ideas and Details What is the main to the leaves idea of page 6? What details support this idea? 12
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