Life ScienceLife Science GenreGenre Comprehension SkillComprehension Skill Text FeaturesText Features Science ContentScience Content NonfictionNonfiction InferInfer • Captions• Captions Living ThingsLiving Things • Glossary• Glossary Scott Foresman Science 2.4Scott Foresman Science 2.4 ISBN-13:ISBN-13: 978-0-328-34217-4978-0-328-34217-4 ISBN-10:ISBN-10: 0-328-34217-30-328-34217-3 by Rose Murrayby Rose Murray 9 0 0 0 09 0 0 0 0 99 7 8 0 3 2 87 8 0 3 2 8 3 4 2 1 7 43 4 2 1 7 4
Vocabulary What did you learn?How Living Things germinate 1. What is a life cycle?Grow and Change life cycle 2. Which animals in this book start as eggs? by Rose Murray nymph 3. Young giraffes look seed coat different from adult giraffes. Write to explain how they are different. Use words from the seedling book as you write. 4. Infer One seed gets water and air. One seed does not. What will happen to the seeds? Why? Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: (Bkgd) ©Andy Rouse/NHPA Limited, (TR) ©Paul A. Sounders/Corbis; Title Page: ©Gary W. Carter/Corbis; 2 (Bkgd) ©Tom Brakefield/Corbis; 4 (Bkgd) ©Peter Johnson/Corbis; 5 (CR) ©Jonathan Blair/Corbis, (BR) ©C. Allan Morgan/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 6 (CC) ©Jonathan Blair/Corbis, (BL) ©Soames Summerhays/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 7 ©DK Images; 8 (CC) ©DK Images, (BL)Neil Fletcher/©DK Images; 9 ©DK Images; 10 Bob Langrish/©DK Images; 11(BL, BR) ©DK Images; 12 (CC) ©Tim Davis/ Corbis; 13 (B) ©Kevin Schafer/NHPA Limited; 14 (BL, BR) ©DK Images; 15 ©DK Images; 16 (BC) ©Taxi/ Getty Images, (R) ©Robert Landau/Corbis; 17 ©DK Images; 18 ©DK Images; 19 (BL, BC, CR) ©DK Images; 20 (CL, BR) ©DK Images; 21 ©DK Images; 22 (B) ©Andy Rouse/NHPA Limited. ISBN 13: 978-0-328-34217-4; ISBN 10: 0-328-34217-3 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07
How do sea turtles grow Animals are living things. and change? Plants are living things. Some living things can be parents. Living things need food and water. Some living things can move. Living things grow and change. 2 3
Sea Turtle Eggs The eggs lie in the sand for two months. A sea turtle is an ocean animal. Then they hatch. It digs a hole in the sand. Baby turtles have an egg tooth. It lays eggs in the hole. They use the egg tooth to get out of the egg. Later, the tooth falls out. 4 5
The Life Cycle of a Sea Turtle The grown-up turtle can lay eggs. A life cycle is the way a living thing It can start a new life cycle. grows and changes. Look at the life cycle of this sea turtle. Egg Grown-up turtle Baby turtle 6 7
What is the life cycle Dragonflies lay eggs in water. of a dragonfly? Nymphs come out of the eggs. Nymphs grow up. Insects have life cycles. Then they can lay eggs. Insects start as eggs. Now the life cycle starts again. Many baby insects are called nymphs. Nymphs look like their parents without wings. Nymphs shed their hard skin as they grow. Grown-up dragonfly Egg Nymph 8 9
What is the life cycle A baby horse is called a foal. of a horse? It looks like its parents. When a foal grows up it can have new foals. A horse is a mammal. Then the life cycle starts again. Mammals have a life cycle. Baby mammals grow in their mothers. They get milk from their mothers. 10 11
How are young animals All giraffes have spots. like their parents? The spots on a grown-up giraffe are dark. The spots on a baby giraffe are not as dark. Baby animals can look like their parents. They can be the same shape. They can be the same color. Baby animals can be different in some ways too. 12 13
What is the life cycle Roots will grow down. of a bean plant? A stem will grow up. This is called a seedling. Plants grow from seeds. A seedling is a small plant. A seed is the start of a plant life cycle. A seed has a cover called a seed coat. One day a seedling will be a big plant. The seed coat keeps the seed safe. It will grow flowers and seeds. Then the life cycle will start again. A seed has a tiny plant in it. A seed holds food inside. The tiny plant needs water and air too. Then it will germinate, or grow. 14 15
How are young plants like Small foxgloves do not have flowers. their parents? They grow for two years. Then they grow flowers. Small plants can look like their parents. They can be the same color. They can be the same shape. They can look different in some ways too. A young saguaro cactus does not have arms. The cactus starts to grow arms when it is very old. 16 17
How do people grow One day you will be a teenager. and change? Then you will be a grown-up. People change as they grow. Grown-ups change too. You used to be a baby. The color of their hair may change. Now you are a child. You grew tall. You learned how to talk. You learned how to read. 18 19
How People Are Different People in families can look like each other. People can be short or tall. People in families can look different from People can have brown eyes. each other too. People can have blue eyes. Their hair can be different. Their skin color can be different. 20 21
Animals and plants are living things. Living things can be like their parents. At first they are small. They can be different. Then they grow bigger. All living things have life cycles. Animals and plants need food to grow All living things grow and change. and change. 22 23
GlossaryVocabulary What did you learn? germinategerminate to start growing 1. What is a life cycle? life cycle 2. Which animals in this book start as eggs? life cycle how a living thing grows and nymph changes 3. Young giraffes look seed coat different from adult giraffes. Write to explain nymph a young insect how they are different. Use words from the seedling book as you write. seed coat a hard cover on a seed 4. Infer One seed gets water and air. seedling a young plant One seed does not. What will happen to the seeds? Why? Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: (Bkgd) ©Andy Rouse/NHPA Limited, (TR) ©Paul A. Sounders/Corbis; Title Page: ©Gary W. Carter/Corbis; 2 (Bkgd) ©Tom Brakefield/Corbis; 4 (Bkgd) ©Peter Johnson/Corbis; 5 (CR) ©Jonathan Blair/Corbis, (BR) ©C. Allan Morgan/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 6 (CC) ©Jonathan Blair/Corbis, (BL) ©Soames Summerhays/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 7 ©DK Images; 8 (CC) ©DK Images, (BL)Neil Fletcher/©DK Images; 9 ©DK Images; 10 Bob Langrish/©DK Images; 11(BL, BR) ©DK Images; 12 (CC) ©Tim Davis/ Corbis; 13 (B) ©Kevin Schafer/NHPA Limited; 14 (BL, BR) ©DK Images; 15 ©DK Images; 16 (BC) ©Taxi/ Getty Images, (R) ©Robert Landau/Corbis; 17 ©DK Images; 18 ©DK Images; 19 (BL, BC, CR) ©DK Images; 20 (CL, BR) ©DK Images; 21 ©DK Images; 22 (B) ©Andy Rouse/NHPA Limited. ISBN 13: 978-0-328-34217-4; ISBN 10: 0-328-34217-3 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 24
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