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Physical SciencePhysical Science by Arlene Blockby Arlene Block GenreGenre Comprehension SkillComprehension Skill Text FeaturesText Features Science ContentScience Content NonfictionNonfiction Put Things In OrderPut Things In Order • Labels• Labels Forces andForces and • Glossary• Glossary MotionMotion Scott Foresman Science 2.10Scott Foresman Science 2.10 ISBN-13:ISBN-13: 978-0-328-34223-5978-0-328-34223-5 ISBN-10:ISBN-10: 0-328-34223-80-328-34223-8 9 0 0 0 09 0 0 0 0 99 7 8 0 3 2 87 8 0 3 2 8 3 4 2 2 3 53 4 2 2 3 5
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Vocabulary What did you learn?Forces and Motion attract 1. How can you make objects move? force 2. What is gravity?by Arlene Block friction 3. You can change how gravity things move. Write to tell about some things you can do. Use words from the book as motion you write. repel 4. Put Things In Order How could you simple machine make a magnet attract and then repel another magnet? Tell, in order, what you would do. work Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: (Bkgd) ©Lester Lefkowitz/Corbis, (TR) ©Photographer’s Choice/Getty Images, (Bkgd) NASA Image Exchange; Title Page: ©Taxi/Getty Images; 2 ©First Light/Corbis; 3 ©Joyce Choo/Corbis; 4 (BR) ©Stone/Getty Images, (TR) ©Chris Carroll/Corbis; 6 ©Wally McNamee/Corbis; 7 ©Stone/Getty Images; 9 ©Chapman/NewSport/Corbis; 10 (T) ©Mike Brinson/Getty Images, (B) ©Thinkstock/Superstock; 11 ©Taxi/Getty Images; 12 Getty Images; 13 ©Juergen & Christine Sohns/Animals Animals/ Earth Scenes ISBN 13: 978-0-328-34223-5; ISBN 10: 0-328-34223-8 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07
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How do objects move? Force How can you make objects move? Motion is the act of moving. You can push or pull them. Objects can move in different ways. A push or pull is a force. This swing moves back and forth. A force changes the way objects move. A merry-go-round moves in a circle. Use more force! The object will move faster. 2 3
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Gravity Jump up! Throw leaves in the air. Gravity will pull you down. They fall down. Toss a ball in the air! Gravity pulls the leaves down. Gravity will pull the ball down too. Gravity is a force. Gravity pulls things down to Earth. 4 5
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What is work? When an object does not move, work does not happen. Push a crayon across a desk. Look at the picture. You use force to move it. The people cannot make the rock move. Work happens when a force moves They are not doing work. something. It takes little work to move a crayon. It takes a lot of work to move this bobsled! 6 7
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How can you change the Use more force. way things move? Kick the ball hard. It will go far! You can change how things move. Use more or less force. Tap a ball. It will not move far. 8 9
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Friction This bike moves on the grass. Friction is a force. The bike moves slowly. Friction makes things move slowly. The tires rub against the grass. Friction makes things stop. Friction makes the bike slow down. This bike moves on the smooth road. The bike moves fast. 10 11
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How can simple machines Animal Body Parts help you do work? Some animal body parts are like simple machines. A simple machine is a tool. Animals use them to do work. A simple machine has few or no moving parts. It can help you do work. It can help you move things. These are simple machines. Screws Wedge Look at the bird’s beak. Its beak works like two levers. Lever Wheel and axle Look at this badger’s claws. It uses them like a wedge. 12 13
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What are magnets? What a Magnet Can Attract Magnets attract some metal objects. Magnets attract some metal objects. Iron and copper are two metals. Attract means to pull toward. Some nails are made of iron. Magnets repel other magnets. A magnet will attract a nail. Repel means to push away. A penny is made of copper. The ends of magnets are called poles. A magnet will not attract a penny. Magnets have north and south poles. Try using a magnet. See how it works! Opposite poles attract. They move toward each other. Like poles repel. They push away from each other. 14 15
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GlossaryVocabulary What did you learn? attractattract to pull toward something 1. How can you make objects move? forceforce a push or a pull 2. What is gravity? friction 3. You can change how friction a force that makes moving things move. Write to tell about some things gravity objects slow down or stop you can do. Use words from the book as motion you write. gravity a force that pulls things repel down to Earth 4. Put Things In Order How could you simple machine make a magnet attract and then repel another motion the act of moving magnet? Tell, in order, what you would do. work repel to push away simple machine a tool with few or no moving parts Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scottwork what happens when a force Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: (Bkgd) ©Lester Lefkowitz/Corbis, (TR) ©Photographer’s Choice/Getty Images, (Bkgd) NASAmakes an object move Image Exchange; Title Page: ©Taxi/Getty Images; 2 ©First Light/Corbis; 3 ©Joyce Choo/Corbis; 4 (BR) ©Stone/Getty Images, (TR) ©Chris Carroll/Corbis; 6 ©Wally McNamee/Corbis; 7 ©Stone/Getty Images; 9 ©Chapman/NewSport/Corbis; 10 (T) ©Mike Brinson/Getty Images, (B) ©Thinkstock/Superstock; 11 ©Taxi/Getty Images; 12 Getty Images; 13 ©Juergen & Christine Sohns/Animals Animals/ Earth Scenes ISBN 13: 978-0-328-34223-5; ISBN 10: 0-328-34223-8 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 16
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