Trang 1
ĐỀ THI THỬ ĐÁNH GIÁ NĂNG LỰC CHUYÊN BIỆT TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH MÔN TIẾNG ANH I. Reading Passage 1 The Future of Urban Mobility As cities continue to grow, transportation systems face unprecedented pressure. Rapid urbanization has led to congestion, air pollution, and public frustration with inefficient infrastructure. Many experts claim that the future of mobility will depend on integrating technology with sustainable planning. Autonomous vehicles, shared mobility services, and data-driven traffic management have the potential to reshape urban life. However, technology alone cannot solve deep-rooted structural and social challenges. Successful examples often come from cities that invest not only in innovation but also in inclusivity. Copenhagen, for instance, redesigned its streets to prioritize pedestrians and cyclists. This decision reduced carbon emissions while fostering a stronger sense of community. Similarly, Singapore’s intelligent transport system adjusts traffic signals dynamically, balancing efficiency and safety. These examples show that urban mobility is as much about human behavior and governance as it is about machines and algorithms. Nevertheless, cultural habits are difficult to change. In many places, private cars symbolize freedom and social status. Convincing people to adopt greener alternatives requires more than policy; it demands education, incentives, and accessible infrastructure. Economists argue that mobility must be treated as a social right rather than a commercial product. If public transport remains unreliable or unsafe, individuals will naturally turn to private vehicles. The cities of the future will need to strike a balance between innovation and equity. Technology can make transport faster, cleaner, and smarter. Yet it will succeed only if it serves everyone equally, not just the privileged few. The success of tomorrow’s mobility will be determined by how well we align progress with fairness and environmental responsibility. (Adapted from The Guardian, 2024; World Economic Forum, 2023) Question 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Modern cities depend entirely on technology to manage traffic. B. Urban mobility requires both innovation and social fairness. C. Autonomous vehicles will soon replace all public transport. D. Economic growth is more important than green planning. Giải thích: Toàn bài nhấn mạnh rằng tương lai giao thông đô thị phụ thuộc vào công nghệ và tính công bằng xã hội. A sai: Không nói thành phố chỉ dựa vào công nghệ. C sai: Không có chi tiết về việc thay thế hoàn toàn giao thông công cộng. D sai: Không đề cập kinh tế quan trọng hơn phát triển xanh. Question 2. Which best expresses the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To argue that governments should ban private cars. B. To describe examples of cities combining technology and sustainability. C. To criticize countries that resist smart transport. D. To explain why technology causes inequality.
Trang 2
Giải thích: Đoạn 2 nêu ví dụ Copenhagen và Singapore – hai thành phố kết hợp đổi mới và bền vững. A sai: Không có ý cấm xe hơi. C sai: Không có sự chỉ trích quốc gia nào. D sai: Không nói công nghệ gây bất bình đẳng. Question 3. The word integrating in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to A. separating B. combining C. excluding D. limiting Giải thích: Integrating = “kết hợp, hòa nhập”. → Nghĩa gần nhất là combining. A, C, D sai: trái nghĩa với “kết hợp”. Question 4. The word inclusivity in paragraph 2 most likely means A. the use of advanced technology B. the fair access for all groups C. the restriction of private transport D. the dependence on data systems Giải thích: Inclusivity = “sự bao gồm, không loại trừ ai”. → Liên quan đến bình đẳng cơ hội tiếp cận. A sai: Không chỉ nói về công nghệ. C sai: Không nói hạn chế xe cá nhân. D sai: Không liên quan đến dữ liệu. Question 5. According to the passage, what was the effect of Copenhagen’s street redesign? A. It decreased bicycle use but increased safety. B. It improved social equality and reduced pollution. C. It made driving more convenient. D. It reduced government spending on transport. Dẫn chứng: “This decision reduced carbon emissions while fostering a stronger sense of community.” → Quyết định này giúp giảm phát thải và tăng kết nối xã hội. A, C, D sai: Không được nhắc đến trong bài. Question 6. What does the example of Singapore illustrate? A. Traffic technology can improve efficiency and safety together. B. Governments should limit data collection. C. Smart transport increases inequality. D. Traditional traffic lights are more effective. Dẫn chứng: “Singapore’s intelligent transport system adjusts traffic signals dynamically, balancing efficiency and safety.” → Hệ thống giao thông thông minh giúp cân bằng hiệu quả và an toàn. Question 7. What problem do many cities face according to the passage? A. People’s preference for private cars. B. Lack of access to foreign technology. C. Low investment in new vehicles. D. Excessive bicycle usage. Dẫn chứng: “Private cars symbolize freedom and social status.” → Thói quen và giá trị xã hội khiến người dân vẫn thích xe riêng. Question 8. What can be inferred from the author’s discussion of “mobility as a social right”? A. Transportation should serve everyone equally.
Trang 3
B. Governments should privatize public transport. C. Urban mobility should be free of charge. D. Only the wealthy can afford smart transport. Dẫn chứng: “Mobility must be treated as a social right rather than a commercial product.” → Giao thông phải là quyền xã hội, phục vụ mọi người bình đẳng. Question 9. Which sentence best summarizes the author’s view? A. The future of mobility will depend solely on technology. B. Social inclusion is as important as technological progress. C. Public transport should be replaced by autonomous cars. D. Innovation and equality are unrelated in urban planning. Giải thích: Câu kết “align progress with fairness and responsibility” → Tiến bộ phải đi cùng công bằng. A, C, D sai: Không phản ánh đúng quan điểm tác giả. Question 10. What is the author’s tone in the passage? A. Critical and pessimistic B. Analytical and balanced C. Emotional and persuasive D. Sarcastic and informal Giải thích: Giọng văn khách quan, phân tích rõ lợi ích và thách thức, không cảm tính. Passage 2 The Role of Emotions in Decision-Making For centuries, philosophers viewed human decision-making as a rational process guided by logic and reason. However, recent research in neuroscience and psychology has revealed that emotions play a far greater role than previously believed. Rather than interfering with rational thought, emotions often help people make faster and more adaptive choices. Studies show that individuals with brain damage affecting emotional processing struggle with even simple decisions, such as what to eat or wear. Without emotional input, the brain becomes overwhelmed by possibilities and unable to prioritize. Emotions act as a filtering system, signaling what matters most in a given situation. Fear alerts us to danger, curiosity drives learning, and empathy shapes moral judgment. Nonetheless, emotions can also bias decisions. The availability heuristic, for example, causes people to overestimate the risks of vivid events, like airplane crashes, simply because they are easy to recall. Similarly, anger can make individuals overconfident, while sadness tends to reduce risk-taking. Understanding these emotional mechanisms allows policymakers and educators to design environments that support wiser decisions. The key insight is not to suppress emotions but to integrate them with reasoning. Emotional intelligence, which refers to the ability to recognize and regulate feelings, has become a major focus in both leadership training and education. By acknowledging that emotions guide rather than hinder thought, we can make decisions that are not only rational but also humane. (Adapted from Scientific American, 2024; Journal of Behavioral Science, 2023) Question 11. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show that emotions improve decision-making. B. To argue that emotions should be eliminated from reasoning. C. To compare emotional and logical people. D. To prove that emotions only cause mistakes. Dẫn chứng: “Emotions often help people make faster and more adaptive choices.”
Trang 4
→ Cảm xúc giúp con người ra quyết định nhanh và phù hợp hơn. B, C, D sai: Không có ý phủ nhận hay so sánh người cảm xúc – lý trí. Question 12. Which statement best supports the role of emotions in decision-making? A. People without emotional input cannot make simple choices. B. Emotions slow down reasoning and create confusion. C. Emotional reactions are always unreliable. D. Logical thought can fully replace emotional response. Dẫn chứng: “Individuals with brain damage affecting emotional processing struggle with even simple decisions.” → Thiếu cảm xúc, con người không thể ra quyết định đơn giản. Question 13. The word filtering in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to A. removing B. selecting C. ignoring D. misplacing Giải thích: Filtering = “chọn lọc, sàng lọc”. → Nghĩa gần nhất là selecting. A, C, D sai: Trái nghĩa hoặc không phù hợp nghĩa Question 14. The phrase availability heuristic in paragraph 3 refers to A. a mental shortcut that leads to bias based on memorable events B. the ability to recall all experiences accurately C. an emotional reaction to complex situations D. a fear of uncertain outcomes Dẫn chứng: “The availability heuristic... people overestimate the risks of vivid events.” → Heuristic là lối tư duy ngắn gây thiên lệch vì sự kiện dễ nhớ. Question 15. What can be inferred about the role of emotions such as fear and curiosity? A. They help people respond to danger and explore new things. B. They usually block rational thought. C. They make moral judgment more difficult. D. They are unrelated to learning or safety. Dẫn chứng: “Fear alerts us to danger, curiosity drives learning.” → Sợ hãi giúp tránh nguy hiểm, tò mò thúc đẩy học hỏi. Question 16. What does the author imply about emotional intelligence? A. It combines awareness and regulation of feelings. B. It replaces rational thinking entirely. C. It has little value in modern education. D. It prevents empathy in social interactions. Dẫn chứng: “Emotional intelligence... the ability to recognize and regulate feelings.” → Trí tuệ cảm xúc = nhận biết và điều chỉnh cảm xúc. Question 17. Which of the following examples best illustrates emotional bias? A. Overestimating the risk of airplane crashes. B. Learning a new language through curiosity. C. Feeling empathy for a friend in need. D. Balancing fear with reason in dangerous situations. Dẫn chứng: “People overestimate the risks of vivid events, like airplane crashes.” → Ví dụ cụ thể về thiên lệch cảm xúc.
Trang 5
Question 18. What does the author mean by “integrate them with reasoning”? A. People should use emotions and logic together. B. Emotions must be completely controlled. C. Decisions should rely only on rational analysis. D. Emotional reactions should be ignored. Dẫn chứng: “The key insight is not to suppress emotions but to integrate them with reasoning.” → Kết hợp cảm xúc và lý trí khi ra quyết định. Question 19. What is the tone of the passage? A. Objective and informative B. Doubtful and ironic C. Critical and emotional D. Hostile and defensive Giải thích: Giọng văn khách quan, phân tích khoa học, không cảm tính. Question 20. Which title best summarizes the passage? A. “How Logic Overpowers Emotion” B. “The Science of Feeling and Choice” C. “The Limits of Rational Thinking” D. “Why Emotions Should Be Avoided” Giải thích: Tiêu đề thể hiện đúng nội dung – mối quan hệ giữa cảm xúc và quyết định. Passage 3 The Changing Nature of Work For much of the twentieth century, work was defined by stability. People often spent their entire careers in one company, earning predictable salaries and following a clear path of promotion. Today, that world is fading fast. Globalization, automation, and the rise of digital platforms have transformed the relationship between employers and employees. Jobs are increasingly flexible, remote, and temporary. While this flexibility offers freedom, it also creates uncertainty about income, benefits, and identity. Economists describe this shift as the “gig economy,” where short-term contracts replace long-term employment. For some, such as freelancers or entrepreneurs, this represents empowerment and independence. Yet for others, it means instability and constant competition. A delivery driver working for an app may enjoy setting their own hours but lacks health insurance, retirement savings, and legal protection. The traditional social contract that once tied effort to reward has become fragmented. Governments around the world are struggling to adapt. Labor laws built for the industrial age no longer fit digital work models. Policymakers face a dilemma: how to encourage innovation without sacrificing workers’ rights. Some countries are experimenting with portable benefits, allowing individuals to carry health and pension plans from job to job. Others propose a universal basic income to provide a safety net in a world where full-time employment is no longer guaranteed. Sociologists warn that beyond economics, the gig economy is reshaping how people see themselves. Work has long been a source of identity and community. When employment becomes uncertain, individuals may feel isolated and undervalued. Balancing flexibility with security is thus not only an economic challenge but also a moral one. The future of work depends on how societies redefine fairness in an age of perpetual change. (Adapted from The Economist, 2024; Harvard Business Review, 2023) Question 21. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The decline of stable employment and the rise of flexible work.
Trang 6
B. The advantages of traditional labor systems. C. The impact of automation on global trade. D. The role of education in reducing unemployment. Đoạn 1: “Jobs are increasingly flexible, remote, and temporary.” → nói về sự thay đổi từ công việc ổn định sang linh hoạt. B sai: Không tập trung vào lợi ích của hệ thống cũ. C sai: Không nói đến thương mại toàn cầu. D sai: Không đề cập giáo dục. Question 22. Which title best summarizes the passage? A. “The End of Work as We Know It” B. “Managing Remote Teams in the Digital Age” C. “The Importance of Industrial Jobs” D. “Automation and the Environment” Toàn bài nói công việc truyền thống đang dần biến mất, phù hợp tiêu đề “Sự kết thúc của kiểu việc làm quen thuộc.” Question 23. The word fragmented in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to A. complicated B. broken into parts C. improved D. protected Từ fragmented = “bị chia nhỏ, phân mảnh”. → Nghĩa gần nhất là “broken into parts”. Question 24. The word dilemma in paragraph 3 can best be replaced by A. advantage B. challenge C. difficulty in choosing D. opportunity Từ dilemma = “tình huống khó xử, phải chọn giữa hai lựa chọn khó”. → Gần nghĩa nhất với “difficulty in choosing”. Question 25. According to the passage, what is a major risk of the gig economy? A. Reduced social and financial security for workers. B. Decreased technological innovation. C. Overdependence on government funding. D. Limited access to online platforms. Đoạn 2: “It means instability and constant competition.” → thể hiện rủi ro mất an toàn việc làm và thu nhập. Question 26. What is the example of portable benefits intended to show? A. A way to protect workers in flexible jobs. B. A system that replaces traditional contracts. C. An attempt to discourage remote work. D. A program to increase unemployment benefits. Đoạn 3: “Portable benefits… allowing individuals to carry health and pension plans from job to job.” → biện pháp giúp bảo vệ người lao động linh hoạt. Question 27. What can be inferred about people working in the gig economy? A. They value independence but face uncertainty. B. They are always more satisfied than office employees. C. They earn higher salaries than traditional workers. D. They reject government regulation.
Trang 7
Đoạn 2: “Represents empowerment and independence… yet means instability.” → vừa có tự do vừa bất ổn. Question 28. The author suggests that the gig economy affects identity because A. it weakens people’s sense of belonging. B. it allows workers to change careers easily. C. it gives everyone equal job opportunities. D. it increases workplace communication. Đoạn 4: “Individuals may feel isolated and undervalued.” → mất kết nối và cảm giác được trân trọng. Question 29. What is the tone of the passage? A. Analytical and reflective B. Optimistic and humorous C. Critical and emotional D. Defensive and informal Giọng văn khách quan, phân tích và suy ngẫm về xã hội, không cảm tính. Question 30. Which statement is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Some countries test new policies to protect gig workers. B. Many people feel less secure in flexible jobs. C. Automation completely eliminates traditional work. D. The link between effort and reward has weakened. Giải thích: Toàn bài chỉ nói tự động hóa “has transformed the relationship between employers and employees” → tự động hóa làm thay đổi, không phải loại bỏ hoàn toàn công việc truyền thống. A sai: Đoạn 3 có nói “Some countries are experimenting with portable benefits” → có nêu chính sách bảo vệ người lao động. B sai: Đoạn 2 “it means instability and constant competition” → thể hiện người lao động thiếu an toàn. D sai: Đoạn 2 “The traditional social contract that once tied effort to reward has become fragmented” → có nhắc mối liên hệ giữa nỗ lực và phần thưởng bị suy yếu. Passage 4 Smartphone cameras have been integrated with AI to produce better photos since around 2017. In the beginning, AI was used to improve the recognition of faces and image stabilisation in smartphone cameras. As AI algorithms advanced and computational power increased, they started incorporating more AI-based features like portrait mode and scene recognition. In portrait mode, AI algorithms analyse the scene to detect the subject and create a blurred background effect similar to the depth-of-field of a professional camera. Scene recognition is a valuable AI-powered function. AI can identify objects, scenes or specific scenarios like landscapes, food or pets and automatically adjust camera settings, such as brightness, light exposure and colour balance to produce the optimal image quality. Although not many people take photos with a smartphone camera, they still use a search engine now and then. Using different algorithms, AI enables search engines to personalise search results based on users’ location. To illustrate, if you want to shop for gadgets like a pair of earphones, search engines will ask for your current location and show the shops near your current position so that you can reach them easily. [I] In other words, by understanding users’ background behaviour and users’ preferences, AI can deliver more tailored and relevant search results. [II] For example, once users search for any product
Trang 8
like clothing items or household products in a shopping app or browse through a video-sharing website for some videos, the AI algorithms integrated into those platforms can precisely analyse your preferences and behaviour and show the best results. [III] Similar results will then be suggested once you reopen the shopping apps or go back to the video-sharing website for you to buy or watch conveniently.[IV] (Adapted from English Workbook 12 – Bright) Question 31. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 1? A. Photo editing applications on smartphones were first integrated with AI in 2017. B. Since 2017, AI has been used in smartphones to reduce the instability of cameras. C. Smartphone cameras started using AI around 2017 to enhance the quality of their pictures. D. It was in 2017 that AI first appeared in mobile applications on smartphones. Giải thích: Câu gốc: “Smartphone cameras have been integrated with AI to produce better photos since around 2017.” → “started using AI around 2017 to enhance picture quality.” A sai: Không nói về “photo editing applications”. B sai: Không nói “reduce instability”. D sai: Không nói “first appeared in mobile applications.” Question 32. The word they in paragraph 1 refers to ______. A. better photos B. AI algorithms C. faces D. smartphone cameras Giải thích: Cụm “they started incorporating more AI-based features” → “they” thay cho AI algorithms. Question 33. The word blurred in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______. A. vague B. rare C. clear D. steady Giải thích: Từ “blurred” (mờ, nhòe) ↔ trái nghĩa với “clear” (rõ nét). Question 34. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the AI functions for camera phones? A. facial recognition B. image stabilisation C. personalising search results D. adjusting camera settings Giải thích: Đoạn 1 chỉ nêu các chức năng: facial recognition, image stabilisation, adjusting camera settings. → Không nhắc đến “personalising search results.” Question 35. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 1? A. The use of AI for mobile applications has improved performance and user experience. B. Thanks to AI integration, technology devices have launched more flexible and interactive features. C. Smartphones nowadays can adjust their own settings and performance thanks to AI integration. D. AI integration has significantly advanced smartphone camera performance and photo quality. Giải thích: Đoạn 1 nói về AI improving recognition, stabilisation, and photo quality. → nội dung khớp với D. A, B, C: nói quá rộng hoặc không tập trung vào camera.
Trang 9
Question 36. The phrase now and then in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by ______. A. always B. never C. usually D. sometimes Giải thích: Cụm “now and then” = thỉnh thoảng → sometimes. Question 37. Where in paragraph 3 does the following sentence best fit? Another AI-powered feature is recommendation systems. A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV] Giải thích: Câu cần chèn: “Another AI-powered feature is recommendation systems.” → Thích hợp sau câu [I] (nói về khả năng của AI) và trước ví dụ minh họa [II]. Question 38. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. AI can track people through the content they consume to suggest more diverse content. B. AI optimises photo quality on smartphones via recognition and automatic adjustment. C. Search engines seem to be used less frequently than cameras on smartphones. D. In 2017, AI was first integrated into phone cameras and some search engines. Giải thích: Đoạn 1: “AI can identify objects... and automatically adjust camera settings… to produce the optimal image quality.” → AI tối ưu chất lượng ảnh nhờ nhận diện và điều chỉnh tự động. A sai: Không nói “track through content”. C sai: Không so sánh tần suất. D sai: Không nêu AI được tích hợp vào công cụ tìm kiếm năm 2017. Question 39. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. The integration of AI into smartphones poses potential risks for personal information and fraud. B. AI helps improve the user experience on smartphones by automating various functions. C. AI algorithms integrated into online platforms are more effective than those in smartphone cameras. D. Personal data collected from tracking user behaviour enables AI to mimic humans. Giải thích: Toàn bài nói AI integration improves performance and interaction → AI giúp nâng cao trải nghiệm người dùng. A sai: Không đề cập rủi ro thông tin. C sai: Không so sánh hiệu quả. D sai: Không nhấn mạnh “mimic humans.” Question 40. Which of the following best summarises the passage? A. AI has significantly improved smartphone functionalities and online interactions, enhancing overall user experience. B. AI technology has complicated smartphone use and online searches, making them harder for users to operate. C. AI algorithms integrated into smartphone cameras and online platforms have revolutionised the way in which humans interact with each other. D. AI integration focuses mainly on improving user experiences on smartphones and social media platforms.
Trang 10
Giải thích: Tổng thể bài: AI improves cameras, search engines, and online recommendations. → A bao quát toàn nội dung. B sai: Không nói AI làm phức tạp hóa. C sai: Nói quá rộng (“revolutionised human interaction”). D sai: Hạn chế phạm vi (“smartphones and social media only”). II. Writing Task 1: You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. You received an email from your friend Emma, who is planning to visit your country this summer. She loves cultural experiences and local cuisine and would like to explore traditional markets and famous food streets. She asked for your advice on where to go and what to try. Write an email to Emma. In your email: Recommend some popular local dishes and markets she should visit. Suggest a few cultural activities she might enjoy. Give advice on what to prepare or be careful about during her trip. You should write at least 150 words. Dear Emma, I’m so excited to hear that you’re planning to visit my country this summer! Since you love cultural experiences and local cuisine, I have a few recommendations that I think you’ll enjoy. You should definitely try pho, banh mi, and fresh spring rolls – they are some of our most popular dishes. For a truly local experience, visit Ben Thanh Market in Ho Chi Minh City or Dong Xuan Market in Hanoi. These places are full of traditional food stalls where you can taste authentic flavors and watch local life unfold. As for cultural activities, you might enjoy watching a water puppet show, visiting ancient temples, or joining a cooking class to learn how to make local dishes yourself. Exploring the Old Quarter in Hanoi is also a great way to experience traditional Vietnamese culture. Before your trip, remember to bring light clothes, sunscreen, and comfortable shoes since the weather can be hot and humid. Also, be careful when crossing the streets, traffic can be quite busy! I can’t wait to see you and show you around! Best wishes, [Your Name] Task 2: You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Read the following topic: In many countries, people are working longer hours and have less free time for family, hobbies, or relaxation. Some people think this trend improves productivity and economic growth, while others believe it harms people’s health and relationships. Write an essay discussing both views and give your own opinion. You should write at least 250 words. Sample Essay: In many parts of the world, people are spending more time at work and have less time for personal activities. While some argue that working longer hours boosts productivity and contributes to economic development, others believe this lifestyle negatively affects health and relationships. This essay will discuss both viewpoints before presenting my own opinion. On the one hand, extended working hours can increase productivity and benefit national economies. When employees dedicate more time to their jobs, companies can meet deadlines faster and produce
Trang 11
more goods or services. This, in turn, enhances overall economic performance and competitiveness, especially in industries where efficiency and output are crucial. Furthermore, in developing countries, long working hours are often seen as a way for individuals to improve their living standards and support their families financially. On the other hand, excessive work can lead to numerous physical and mental health problems. People who spend too much time working often suffer from stress, fatigue, and lack of sleep. Over time, this can result in burnout and even serious illnesses. Moreover, long working hours leave little time for family, friends, or leisure activities, weakening social bonds and causing emotional distance among loved ones. Therefore, a poor work-life balance can harm both personal happiness and long-term productivity. In my opinion, while hard work is essential for personal and economic success, maintaining a balance between work and life is far more important. Governments and companies should encourage flexible working hours and promote mental health awareness to ensure sustainable growth and well-being. In conclusion, although longer working hours may improve productivity, their negative impact on health and relationships cannot be ignored. A balanced lifestyle is the key to both happiness and success.
Showing the first 11 pages. Download the document to see it all.
Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first!