Artificial Intelligence Handbook of Perception and Cognition 2nd Edition Series Editors Edward Carterette and M o r t o n F r i e d m a n Artificial Intelligence Edited by Margaret A. Boden School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences University of Sussex Brighton, England Academic Press San Diego New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright 0 1996 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press, Inc. A Division of Harcourt Brace & Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495 United Kingdom Edition published by Academic Press Limited 24-28 Oval Road, London NWl 7DX Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Artificial intelligence / edited by Margaret A. Boden. cm. -- (Handbook of perception and cognition, 2nd ed. P. series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-12-161964-8 (case : alk paper) 1. Artificial intelligence. I. Boden, Margaret A. I. Series: Handbook of perception and cognition (2nd ed). Q335.A7857 1996 006.3-dc20 95-44625 CIP PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 96 97 9 8 9 9 00 0 1 B C 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Contributors Foreword Preface Philosophical Foundations Andy Clark I. An Evolving Engagement 11. Symbol-System A1 111. Connectionism IV. Artificial Life V. The Wasteland References Planfzing and Problem Solving Robert Inder