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Copyright © by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be addressed to School Permissions and Copyrights, Harcourt, Inc., 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777. Fax: 407-345-2418. HARCOURT and the Harcourt Logo are trademarks of Harcourt, Inc., registered in the United States of America and/or other jurisdictions. Printed in the United States of America ISBN-13: 978-0-15-349155-9 ISBN-10: 0-15-349155-8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 179 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Harcourt School Publishers retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited and is illegal. Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.
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Lif e Cycles Lessons 3–5 Life Cycle of Bean Plant . . . . .2 Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds . . . .4 Life Cycle of an Oak Tree . . . .6 Plants Look Like Their Parents. . . . . . . . .8 Plants Look Different. . . . . . . .9 Plants and the Environment. . . . . . . . .10 Gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Touch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
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Lif e Cycle of a Bean Plant seeds A seed sprouts. Roots grow down. The life cycle of a plant starts with a seed. A tiny plant and some food are inside a seed. The plant uses the food as it starts to grow. First, roots grow. Roots take in water. 2
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Stems carry food. Flowers grow. Flowers make seeds. Then, a stem grows up toward the light. Leaves and more stems grow. Last, the plant makes seeds. The seeds may grow into new plants. 3
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The fruit grows around the seeds. It holds and protects the seeds. A new life cycle begins. DD flowers on an orange tree D fruit and seeds of an orange tree 5
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Lif e Cycle of an Oak Tree acorn tiny oak tree An oak tree’s life cycle begins with a seed. The seed is in a hard fruit, or acorn. Like other plants, the seed sprouts. The new plant looks like a small oak tree. 6
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fully grown oak tree Over time the tree gets taller. Flowers grow. Part of each flower becomes a fruit. The life cycle begins again. 7
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Plants Look Like Their Parents Parent trees pass on characteristics, or traits. So, a new plant grows to look like its parents. young orange tree older orange tree fir trees 8
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Plants Look Dif f erent sweet pea plants Plants may look like one parent or the other. Plants of one kind may grow in a group. With more plants, there are more differences. See all the colors of flowers on these plants. 9
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Plants and the Environment The environment affects plants. Water is part of the environment. A plant may get the water it needs. If not, it may not grow to look like its parents. corn with enough water corn without enough water 10
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growing toward the light plants without enough light The light in the environment affects plants. It may affect the health of a plant. Or, it may affect what a plant looks like. Plants grow toward the light. 11
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Gravit y Gravity affects plants. The roots of a plant always grow down. The stem always grows upward. This is because of gravity. 12
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Touch morning glory vine Touch affects some plants. Some vines curl around things they touch. Mimosa leaves close if they are touched. mimosa leaves 13
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Temperature The temperature affects plants. Some plants grow better when it is warm. Others grow better when it is cool. Temperature also affects seeds. Lilac plants need cold winters. B 14
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Soil Soil affects plants. Plants get nutrients from soil. The soil may have nutrients a plant needs. Nutrients are things plants need to grow. If not, the plant may not grow well there. 15
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Vocabulary characteristics, p. 8 flower, p. 3 fruit, p. 4 nutrients, p. 15 roots, p. 2 seed, p. 2 stem, p. 3 16
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Think About the Reading 1. What new ideas do you have after reading this book? 2. What can you do to learn more about your new ideas? Hands-On Activity 1. Soak some bean seeds overnight. The next day, split the seeds open. Observe the tiny plant inside. 2. Draw a picture of what you see. Label the tiny plant. School-Home Connection Tell a family member what you have read about plants. Talk with the family member about the different kinds of plants near where you live.
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