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IT4010 Research Project 4th Year, 1st Semester Final Report B.Sc. (Hons) Degree in Information Technology Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology April 2025
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DECLARATION We declare that this is our work, and this proposal does not incorporate without acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any other university or Institute of higher learning and to the best of our knowledge and belief it does not contain any material previously published or written by another person except where the acknowledgement is made in the text. Name Student ID Signature PALLIYAGURU P.N.A IT21187278 Maleesha K.L.D.D.S IT21166488 Nadeeshan I.U.N IT21166556 DORANEGODA K.S.M IT21187032 The above candidate is carrying out research for the undergraduate Dissertation under our supervision. ……………………………………. …………………………………….11/04/2025 Ms. Wishalya Tissera Date (Supervisor) 2
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ABSTRACT In recent years, rapid urbanization and the continuous increase in population density have placed significant pressure on the infrastructure of modern cities. Traditional urban management techniques, including manual surveillance operations, static waste collection processes, and conventional parking management methods, are proving to be insufficient in addressing the dynamic challenges of smart cities. To overcome these limitations, this research project, titled "Smart City with Computer Vision", proposes an integrated smart city framework powered by computer vision and IoT technologies to optimize city management processes, enhance sustainability, and improve the overall quality of life for urban residents. This research focuses on four key components essential for smart city development: Parking Management, Waste Management, Accident Detection, and Surveillance Enhancement. The Parking Management System is designed to efficiently detect vacant parking slots, track vehicle parking behavior, and implement dynamic billing systems based on the duration of stay. The Waste Management System utilizes machine learning models and IoT sensors to classify waste accurately, monitor bin levels in real-time, and send notifications to waste management authorities for optimized waste collection operations. The Accident Detection System incorporates real-time image processing techniques to detect road accidents and deliver instant alerts to nearby drivers and emergency services. In addition, the Surveillance Enhancement System provides real-time monitoring of public areas, identifying suspicious activities, unattended objects, and generating end-of-day security reports based on threat levels. Integrating these components provides a holistic solution for smart city management, reducing human intervention while increasing operational efficiency. The proposed system not only automates routine urban management tasks but also provides intelligent, data-driven insights to support proactive decision-making by city administrators. The innovative application of computer vision technologies enhances the safety, sustainability, and efficiency of smart cities, aligning with the future vision of intelligent urban infrastructure development. Ultimately, this research contributes towards building cleaner, safer, and smarter cities by leveraging advanced technologies to solve real-world urban management problems. The implementation of this Smart City Framework demonstrates the potential of integrating computer vision and IoT technologies in improving city operations, reducing environmental impacts, and promoting sustainable urban living for future generations. 3
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to our supervisor, Ms. Wishalya Tissera, for the constant guidance and support that helped us at all times during the successful completion of our undergraduate research. Besides our supervisor, our sincere thanks also go to Miss Hansi De Silva, the co-supervisor of this research project, for always being willing to help whenever it was needed. A big thank you to our colleagues and friends for their helpful feedback and cooperation. Their constructive criticism, suggestions, and collaborative spirit greatly improved our work and contributed to our project's success. Special thanks to our families and friends for their constant support, patience, and understanding throughout this project. Their encouragement and belief in our work provided us with the strength and motivation to persevere through challenges. Finally, we want to acknowledge the wildlife and ecosystems that we hope to help with this research. We hope our work will contribute to protecting them and promoting global conservation efforts. 4
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Table of Content DECLARATION...................................................................................................................2 ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.....................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................................8 LIST OF FIGURES ...............................................................................................................8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................9 1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................10 1.1 Background...............................................................................................................10 1.2 Literature Survey ......................................................................................................12 1.3 Research Gap ............................................................................................................14 1.4 Research Problem .....................................................................................................16 1.5 Research Objectives..................................................................................................19 1.5.1 Main Objectives..................................................................................................19 1.5.2 Sub Objectives....................................................................................................19 2. METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................21 2.1. Materials and Methods..............................................................................................21 2.2. Problem Statement....................................................................................................21 2.3. Surveillance Enhancement System (Solution Design) .............................................22 2.3.1 Data Acquisition .................................................................................................24 2.3.2 Data Processing...................................................................................................25 2.3.3 Test plan and strategy .........................................................................................26 2.3.4 Implementation...................................................................................................28 2.4 Smart Waste Management System (Solution Design)..............................................31 2.4.1 Data Acquisition .................................................................................................33 2.4.2 Data Processing...................................................................................................34 2.4.3 Test plan and strategy .........................................................................................35 5
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2.4.4 Implementation...................................................................................................38 2.5 Accident Detection (Solution Design)......................................................................40 2.5.1 Data Acquisition .................................................................................................42 2.6 Smart Parking System (Solution Design).................................................................44 2.6.1 Hardware Implementation ..................................................................................44 2.6.2 Number Plate Recognition and Data Management.............................................45 2.6.3 Empty Parking Space Detection via Pixel-Based Analysis ...............................45 2.6.4 Automated Gate Control ....................................................................................46 2.6.5 Implementation of Dynamic Pricing and Billing System ..................................47 2.6.7 Development of Administrative Panel...............................................................47 2.6.8 System Validation and Testing ..........................................................................47 2.7 Commercialization Aspects of The Product..............................................................48 2.7 Testing........................................................................................................................50 2.7.1 Test Plan and Strategy .......................................................................................52 2.7.7 Test Cases Design..............................................................................................53 3 Results and Discussions................................................................................................63 3.1 Results..................................................................................................................63 3.2 Research Findings ................................................................................................64 3.2.1 Model Architecture and Training.....................................................................65 3.2.2 Performance Metrics........................................................................................65 3.2.3 Robustness and Practical Application..............................................................66 3.2.4 Significance and Implications..........................................................................66 3.3 Discussion............................................................................................................67 5. SUMMARY OF EACH STUDENT............................................................................68 5.1 Student 1 – P.N.A. PALLIYAGURU - IT21187278 ..............................................68 5.2 Student 2 – Maleesha K.L.D.D.S - IT21166488.....................................................69 5.3 Student 3 – Nadeeshan I.U.N - IT21166556...........................................................70 6
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5.4 Student 4 – DORANEGODA K.S.M - IT21187032...............................................70 5.5 Final Remark on Student Contributions..................................................................71 6. CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................71 7. REFERENCES..............................................................................................................74 8. APPENDICES...............................................................................................................75 7
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