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READERS Level 2 Dinosaur Dinners Feathers, Flippers, and Feet Bugs! Bugs! Bugs! Outback Adventure: Australian Slinky, Scaly Snakes! Vacation Animal Hospital Sniffles, Sneezes, Hiccups, The Little Ballerina and Coughs Munching, Crunching, Sniffing, and Starry Sky Snooping Earth Smart: How to Take Care The Secret Life of Trees of the Environment Winking, Blinking, Wiggling, Ice Skating Stars and Waggling Let’s Go Riding! Astronaut: Living in Space I Want to Be a Gymnast Twisters! LEGO: Castle Under Attack Holiday! Celebration Days around LEGO: Rocket Rescue the World Star Wars: Journey Through Space The Story of Pocahontas MLB: A Batboy’s Day Horse Show MLB: Let’s Go to the Ballpark! Survivors: The Night the ¡Insectos! en español Titanic Sank ¡Bomberos! en español Eruption! The Story of Volcanoes La Historia de Pocahontas The Story of Columbus en español Journey of a Humpback Whale Meet the X-Men Amazing Buildings Spider-Man: Worst Enemies Level 3 Spacebusters: The Race Spiders’ Secrets to the Moon The Big Dinosaur Dig Beastly Tales Space Heroes: Amazing Astronauts Shark Attack! The Story of Chocolate Titanic LEGO: Mission to the Arctic Invaders from Outer Space NFL: Super Bowl Heroes Movie Magic NFL: Peyton Manning Plants Bite Back! NFL: Whiz Kid Quarterbacks Time Traveler MLB: Home Run Heroes: Big Mac, Bermuda Triangle Sammy, and Junior Tiger Tales MLB: Roberto Clemente Aladdin MLB: Roberto Clemente Heidi en español Zeppelin: The Age of the Airship MLB: World Series Heroes Spies MLB: Record Breakers Terror on the Amazon MLB: Down to the Wire: Baseball’s Disasters at Sea Great Pennant Races The Story of Anne Frank Star Wars: Star Pilot Abraham Lincoln: Lawyer, Leader, The X-Men School Legend Abraham Lincoln: Abogado, Líder, George Washington: Soldier, Hero, Leyenda en español President Al Espacio: La Carrera a la Luna Extreme Sports en español
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A Note to Parents DK READERS is a compelling program for beginning readers, designed in conjunction with leading literacy experts, including Dr. Linda Gambrell, Professor of Education at Clemson University. Dr. Gambrell has served as President of the National Reading Conference and the College Reading Association, and has recently been elected to serve as President of the International Reading Association. Beautiful illustrations and superb full-color photographs combine with engaging, easy-to-read stories to offer a fresh approach to each subject in the series. Each DK READER is guaranteed to capture a child’s interest while developing his or her reading skills, general knowledge, and love of reading. The five levels of DK READERS are aimed at different reading abilities, enabling you to choose the books that are exactly right for your child: Pre-level 1: Learning to read Level 1: Beginning to read Level 2: Beginning to read alone Level 3: Reading alone Level 4: Proficient readers The “normal” age at which a child begins to read can be anywhere from three to eight years old, so these levels are only a general guideline. No matter which level you select, you can be sure that you are helping your child learn to read, then read to learn!
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Contents LONDON, NEW YORK, MUNICH, MELBOURNE, and DELHI 4 Night sky Series Editor Deborah Lock Art Editor Clare Shedden U.S. Editor John Searcy 6 Constellations Picture Researcher Liz Moore Jacket Designer Emy Manby Production Angela Graef 18 The Sun DTP Designer Almudena Díaz Illustrator Peter Dennis 20 Galaxies Subject Consultant Peter Bond Reading Consultant Linda Gambrell, Ph.D. 24 Summer Triangle First American Edition, 2006 Published in the United States by DK Publishing, Inc. 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 1001406 07 08 09 10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 26 Starry signposts Copyright © 2006 Dorling Kindersley Limited All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright 28 Stargazing Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited 32 Starry facts DK books are available at special discounts for bulk purchases for sale promotions, premiums, fundraising, or educational use. For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets 375 Hudson Street New York, New York 10014 SpecialSales@dk.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hayden, Kate. Starry sky / written by Kate Hayden.-- 1st American ed. p. cm. -- (DK readers. Level 2, Beginning to read alone) Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-0-7566-1959-6 ISBN-10: 0-7566-1959-9 (pbk) ISBN-13: 978-0-7566-1960-2 ISBN-10: 0-7566-1960-2 (hc) 1. Stars--Juvenile literature. 2. Astronomy--Juvenile literature. I. Title. II. Dorling Kindersley readers. 2, Beginning to read alone. QB801.7.H395 2006 523.8--dc22 2006006441 Color reproduction by Colourscan, Singapore Printed and bound in China by L. Rex Printing Co., Ltd. The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind permission to reproduce their photographs: Position key: a-above; b-below/bottom; c-center; l-left; r-right; t-top Alamy Images: Mary Evans Picture Library 24tl, 25tr; Picture Contact 26b; Royal Geographical Society 7; Norbert Aujoulat / Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / CNP-MCC: 4; www.bridgeman.co.uk: 27t; British Library 17t; Corbis: Claudius / Zefa 11b; Stapleton Collection 9; DK Images: Anglo Australian Observatory 20; British Museum, London 17b; NASA 1, 30b, 30-31b; NASA / Hubble Heritage Team 21cl; NASA: CXC/SAO 31t; ESA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI / AURA) 21cr, 21bl; H. Ford (JHU), G. llingworth (UCSC / LO), M. Clampin (STScI), G. Hartig (STScI), the ACS Science Team, and ESA 21br; Robert Williams and the Hubble Deep Field Team (STScI) 21t; Science Photo Library: J-C Cuillandre / Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope 3; Dr Fred Espenak 19b; MPIA-HD, BIRKLE, SLAWIK 12t; NASA 18-19t; David Nunuk 5b, 32cra; John Sanford 32t; John Sanford & David Parker 11t; Jerry Schad 22b, 24-25b; Dr. Jurgen Scriba 32clb; Eckhard Slawik 5t, 10b, 15, 16, 23, 27b, 29tl, 29tr; Frank Zullo 14br, 28t All other images © Dorling Kindersley For more information see: www.dkimages.com Discover more at www.dk.com
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READERS E1GINNING EG2INNING B B T O E T R N O D EA LO R EA D A Starry SkyR3EADING RPRO4FICIENT A E E RS LON AD E Written by Kate Hayden DK Publishing, Inc.
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On a clear, dark night, the sky sparkles with thousands of stars. These giant balls of gas make their own heat and light just like our closest star, the Sun. Long ago, when people lived in caves, they noticed patterns among the brightest stars. They made them into pictures. If you look up into the sky, you can see star patterns, too. Stars drawn onto the wall of a rock shelter in France 16,500 years ago
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Big star patterns are called constellations [KON-stuh-lay-shunz]. Star maps help you find the constellations. They tell you what star patterns you can see at different times of the year. Star maps also show you the different stars you can see in different parts of the world. The zodiac The zodiac is a band of 12 constellations, such as Leo and Cancer, that the Sun appears to pass through in a year.
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Cancer the crab There are named constellations. Some are named after animals, birds, and fish. Others have the names of people and creatures from legends. There are some constellations named after objects, such as crowns and cups. The names help people locate stars in the night sky. Corona [kuh-ROW-nuh] the crown
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The Big Dipper The Ursa Major constellation Many constellations have animal names, such as Ursa Major [ER-suh MAY-jer] the great bear, Leo the lion, and Lupus the wolf. The constellation Taurus [TOR-us] shows the front of a bull. Bulls were important symbols for people in ancient times. The Big Dipper A star pattern called the Big Dipper, or the Plow, links seven bright stars in Ursa Major. 10
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The Taurus constellation Apis [AY-pus], the Ancient Egyptian bull god They made statues of them and worshipped them as gods. 11
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7 6 5 4 1 3 2 The Pleiades star cluster on the shoulder of Taurus The seven sisters called the Pleiades Different cultures tell different star stories. In a Greek legend, the hunter Orion chased seven sisters called the Pleiades [PLEE-uh-deez]. 12
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The girls escaped from him by turning into doves. Finally, they became stars. Navajo [NA-vuh-ho] Indians call these seven stars the Flint Boys. Their sky god, Black God, wore them on his ankle. When he stamped The Flint Boys his foot, they bounced onto his forehead and stayed there. Navajo drawing of Black God 13
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Orion [oh-RYE-un] the hunter is another well-known constellation. He carries a club, and a sword hangs from his belt. Nearby is his hunting dog— the constellation Canis Major [KAY-nus MAY-jer] the great dog. The brightest star Sirius [SEER-ee-us], or the Dog Star, is found in this constellation. Sirius The Canis Major constellation 14
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Cepheus [SEE-fee-us] Cassiopeia [kass-ee-oh-PEE-uh] Perseus [PURR-see-us] Andromeda [an-DRAH-muh-duh] The W-shaped constellation is called Cassiopeia. In a Greek story, she is the wife of King Cepheus and they have a daughter named Andromeda. 16
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Perseus killing the sea monster Cetus Andromeda was chained to a rock, waiting to be eaten by the sea monster Cetus [SEE-tus]. The Greek hero Perseus flew down on the winged horse, Pegasus, and saved Andromeda. Pegasus [PEG-uh-sus] The winged horse, Pegasus, appears in many Greek stories. He was shown on Ancient Greek coins, vases, and other objects. 17
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Earth is more than one million times smaller than the Sun. Faraway stars look small and vary in brightness. Close-up, they are enormous, fiery balls of gas. The Sun is our nearest star. Explosions in the Sun’s scorching core make it shine. 18
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