GenreGenre Comprehension SkillComprehension Skill Text FeaturesText Features Science ContentScience Content Nonfi ctionNonfi ction Compare andCompare and • Captions• Captions Natural ResourcesNatural Resources ContrastContrast • Diagrams• Diagrams • Labels• Labels • Glossary• Glossary Scott Foresman Science 3.9Scott Foresman Science 3.9 ì<(sk$m)=bdidea<ì<(sk$m)=bdidea<ISBNISBN 0-328-13834-70-328-13834-7 +^-Ä-U-Ä-U+^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Vocabulary Extended Vocabulary What did you learn? conservation compost natural resource cullet 1. What portion of the United States’ nonrenewable resource discarded trash is thrown into landfi lls? What recycle landfill portion of our trash is recycled? renewable resource ore pulp 2. Explain how plastic gets recycled. toxin by Patricia Walsh 3. What is cullet? How is it used? 4. You have read about recycling and how it affects landfills. Write to explain how recycling affects the conservation of natural resources. Use information from this book to support your answer. Picture Credits Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. 5. Compare and Contrast How are Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). aluminum and paper alike in the 3 (TL) Brand X Pictures, (TR) ©Comstock Inc.; 4 Greenshoots Communications/Alamy Images; 6 Joseph Sohm/ChromoSohm Inc./Corbis; 7 Chad Ehlers/Alamy Images; 8 (L) Getty Images, (BC) Jean Heguy/Corbis; ways they are recycled? How are 9 (TR) Peter Frischmuth/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 10 Arthur Tilley/Getty Images; 11 Lorenzo Lees/Ecoscene; 15 Erika Stone/Photo Researchers, Inc. they recycled differently? Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson. ISBN: 0-328-13834-7 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
What You Already Know Everything we need and use comes from Earth. items ready for recycling Each of these things is called a natural resource. Some natural resources, called renewable resources, can be replaced during our lifetimes. For instance, trees are a renewable resource. While you are alive, a young tree will grow into an adult tree, replacing another tree that has been used. Some of our natural resources, called We need to be careful not to waste or use up nonrenewable resources, cannot be replaced our natural resources. We also need to be careful during our lifetimes. Oil and coal, which are not to damage or spoil our air and water. Using found beneath the Earth’s surface, are nonrenewable our natural resources wisely is called conservation. resources. The oil we use cannot be replaced When we reuse and recycle our natural resources, during our lifetimes. we are also helping to conserve another natural A few resources are never used up. They are resource, our land. When we find a way to keep sunlight, wind, and water. our trash from filling up landfills, we are helping to conserve land. wind farm Natural resources are important to all living things. How we use and reuse our natural resources affects our life on Earth. Read on to find out how to recycle in a way that will help our planet! 2 3
Facts About Trash Here’s the good news: Americans are recycling and composting The average American creates about four pounds more than 25 percent of of trash each day. Our country produces 210 million their trash! Metal, glass, tons of trash each year. Where does it go? and plastic can all be More than half of our trash is buried in landfills. recycled. When we recycle A landfill is a large area where trash is discarded. them, they get changed Everything here This trash spreads out and piles high, taking up a into things we can use again. can be recycled. lot of space. It is expensive for cities to haul trash Composting is similar to recycling. Natural to landfi lls. Landfills also fill up quickly because yard and kitchen waste gets composted, meaning the trash in them does not it gets returned to the soil. decompose well. On the following pages you’ll read about materials that can be recycled. You’ll also learn Landfills take up a large about the energy saved by recycling and amount of space and how recycling makes the are costly to run. environment cleaner! It’s important to learn which recyclable items go in which recycling bins. 4 5
Aluminum How Aluminum Can Be Recycled About 100 billion aluminum made into put out cans are made in the United cans and for recycling States each year. Of that fi lled number, about half are recycled. For every aluminum can that gets recycled, one less can has to be made from new materials. crushed rolled into Natural resources are sheets conserved when aluminum is melted and cast recycled. It takes four pounds of bauxite ore to make one pound of aluminum. Less ore After that, the recycled needs to be mined from the aluminum is blended with Earth when more aluminum new aluminum and poured is recycled. into huge bars. Rolling When you drop an mills press the bars into aluminum can into a recycling thin sheets. Finally, the bin, you have helped recycle sheets are formed into aluminum! Scrap metal new cans. companies collect the cans and By recycling aluminum crush them into large bales. cans, you stop them from These aluminum cans The bales are then shredded becoming trash and taking New aluminum cans are being sent into are made from poured, a recycling plant. into small pieces and melted. up space in a landfill. melted metal. 6 7
Paper After the paper has been sorted, it is formed The average U.S. resident uses into thousand-pound 749 pounds of paper each year. bundles and sent to Books, magazines, newspapers, mills. At the mills, the and many other things are made of recycled paper is soaked paper. Thanks to recycling programs, in water and chemicals. Americans now recycle more paper This causes the paper to than they throw away. separate into fibers, or This worker is inspecting a When you separate paper from pulp. The pulp is then new roll of recycled paper. other trash, you have helped recycle filtered through screens. paper! That paper is then sent to At the same time, the ink from newspapers and recycling centers. The centers sort it magazines is removed. The clean, recycled pulp and remove plastic and paper clips. is then mixed with new wood pulp to make new paper products. Unlike aluminum, paper cannot be recycled again and again. After repeated recycling, paper fibers get so small that they slip through the screens. At that point, the fibers become waste and have to be composted, burned, or taken to a landfill. These newspapers have Tons and tons of paper get recycled been recycled so many each year in the United States. times they are waste. 8 9
Plastic Glass Many things you use are made of plastic. Many people throw away glass bottles and Fortunately, much of that plastic can be recycled! jars. It’s too bad, because glass can be recycled When you drop things made of plastic into to make new glass! the recycling bin, you have helped recycle plastic! When you place glass into bins, you have Collectors then wash and chop the plastic into helped recycle it! Collectors go around picking flakes. The flakes are then dried and melted. up that glass. The glass is separated by color. Then the melted plastic is forced through a screen The color in brown and green glass cannot be to remove toxins and form new plastic strands. removed. So recycled glass that is colored can The strands are cooled and chopped into pellets. only make more colored glass. Plastic pellets are used to make items such as The glass is broken into small pieces called flowerpots and carpets. cullet. After that, the cullet is crushed, sorted, It’s important to cleaned, and mixed with other learn the basics of raw materials to make plastic recycling. new glass. Recycled glass can be made into new jars and bottles. Best of all, glass can be recycled again and again! Glass recycling bins like these teach people to sort glass materials. 10 11
Organic Waste How Organic Waste Can Be Recycled Many people have turned Plants are Organic waste to composting as a way to picked and is added to eaten. compost heap. recycle organic yard waste. Organic yard waste includes grass clippings and leaves that might otherwise be thrown Organic waste Organic materials rots down to into a landfill. Organic kitchen include fruits and produce “new” waste can be composted too. vegetables. soil for plants Plants grow to grow in. This includes coffee grounds, in “new” soil. eggshells, potato peels, and apple cores. Compost made of organic yard waste and kitchen waste will produce a rich soil that can be used in any garden! It is expensive for cities Worms help the composting of food and yard and towns to throw away the wastes. The worms process the food waste and organic waste that we yard waste through their bodies. The compost produce. Even though organic that comes out makes great soil. waste is made entirely of natural materials, it can take years to decompose in landfi lls. When we recycle These three photos organic waste into compost, show how a red we return the organic matter A good compost heap pepper naturally turns to the soil. This means less will produce thick, rich into compost after garden soil. only fifteen days. day 1 day 8 day 15 trash filling up our landfills! 12 13
Recycling The Recycle means finding out about your Right Way community’s recycling program and recycling your aluminum, paper, plastic, and glass trash. Find out where your nearest recycling center is. Right now you might be asking, “What can Collect recyclables and take them to the recycling I do to reduce trash in the landfills and protect center. Recycle yard waste and kitchen waste our environment?” Just put the three Rs of by composting. In order to help with community Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle into your daily life! composting, some communities collect Fortunately, it is very easy to do. yard waste separately Reduce means using only what you really from the regular trash need. Don’t be wasteful. Reuse means using collection. Check to something as much as possible before see if your community throwing it away. Always ask yourself, does this. “Can I reuse this?” When we recycle, we help take care of the Earth, right in our homes. So make sure Recycling Symbols to recycle as much as These symbols are used you can. It’s fun and worldwide to indicate easy to do! that a material can be recycled. It’s important to separate different types of recycling It’s easy to materials. start recycling. 14 15
Vocabulary Extended Vocabulary What did you learn? Glossary conservation compost natural resourcecompost decomposing organic wastecullet 1. What portion of the United States’ nonrenewable resourceused for fertilizing the soildiscarded trash is thrown into landfi lls? What recycle landfill portion of our trash is recycled? renewable resourcecullet pieces of crushed glass thatore are added to other materialspulp 2. Explain how plastic gets recycled. in order to make new glasstoxin discarded tossed aside after it is no 3. What is cullet? How is it used? longer useful 4. You have read landfill structure built into or on top about recycling and how it affects of the ground where trash landfills. Write to explain how is stored recycling affects the conservation ore minerals from which metal can of natural resources. Use be taken out, usually for profit information from this book to support your answer. Picture Creditspulp ground-up, moistened fi bers Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material.of wood or recycled paper used The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. 5. Compare and Contrast How are Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd).to make new paper aluminum and paper alike in the 3 (TL) Brand X Pictures, (TR) ©Comstock Inc.; 4 Greenshoots Communications/Alamy Images; 6 Joseph Sohm/ChromoSohm Inc./Corbis; 7 Chad Ehlers/Alamy Images; 8 (L) Getty Images, (BC) Jean Heguy/Corbis;toxin a substance that is harmful ways they are recycled? How are 9 (TR) Peter Frischmuth/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 10 Arthur Tilley/Getty Images; 11 Lorenzo Lees/Ecoscene; 15 Erika Stone/Photo Researchers, Inc. they recycled differently? Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson.to living things ISBN: 0-328-13834-7 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 0516
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