Earth ScienceEarth Science by Colin Kongby Colin Kong GenreGenre Comprehension SkillComprehension Skill Text FeaturesText Features Science ContentScience Content Nonfi ctionNonfi ction Compare andCompare and • Captions• Captions Natural ResourcesNatural Resources ContrastContrast • Labels• Labels • Call outs• Call outs • Glossary• Glossary Scott Foresman Science 3.9Scott Foresman Science 3.9 ì<(sk$m)=bdidcg<ì<(sk$m)=bdidcg<ISBNISBN 0-328-13832-00-328-13832-0 +^-Ä-U-Ä-U+^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Vocabulary What did you learn?Natural Resources conservation 1. What are three examples of nonrenewable resources? by Colin Kong natural resource nonrenewable resource 2. How can farmers conserve soil? recycle 3. Why is it easy to recycle today? renewable resource 4. In this book, you read about landfills and the need to reduce, reuse, and recycle our resources. Write to explain how reducing, reusing, and recycling would affect our landfills. Use examples from the book to support your answer. 5. Compare and Contrast How are renewable resources similar to nonrenewable resources? How are they different? Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: ©Peter Walton/Index Stock Imagery; Title Page: ©Galen Rowell/Corbis; 2 ©Taxi/Getty Images; 3 Digital Vision; 4 Richard M. Busch; 5 Digital Vision; 6 ©Alan Towse/Ecoscene/Corbis; 7 ©Kevin Fleming/Corbis; 8 ©Jaye Phillips/Index Stock Imagery; 9 ©Stone/Getty Images; 11 ©Eunice Harris/ Index Stock Imagery; 12 (TL) ©Hal Lott/Corbis, (B) ©Photodisc Blue/Getty Images; 13 (BL) ©Jose Azel/Aurora & Quanta Productions, (CR) ©Stephen Barnett/ImageState; 14 ©Liz Hymans/Corbis; 15 ©Dennis Brack/Black Star ISBN: 0-328-13832-0 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
What are resources? Some resources can be replaced. Trees that grow in soil are a good example. People cut down trees for Everything we need comes from natural resources. wood. Wood is used to build new houses. Wood chips A natural resource is any useful material that can be turned into pulp to make paper. comes from Earth. Natural resources are important When trees are cut down, we can plant new ones to because living things need them. replace them. After a short time these new trees will be tall enough to cut down. A resource that can be replaced in a short time is called a renewable resource. When trees are cut down, the logs are shipped to lumber or paper mills. Lumber mills cut the logs into boards. The boards are used to build new houses. 2 3
Resources That Cannot Be Replaced Coal, oil, and natural gas are also nonrenewable Many natural resources are hidden deep resources. They are fuels that release energy when underground. Miners have to dig up rocks called ores. burned. When we use up the natural resources in one Ores contain metals or minerals that people use. area, we need to find new places to dig for them. Steel is made from iron. Many things are made An Endless Supply of Resources of steel, such as forks and buses. There is a limited Some natural resources will never be used up. We amount of iron ore underground. It cannot be have an ongoing supply of sunlight, air, and water. replaced. A nonrenewable resource is a resource These resources are always available on Earth. that cannot be replaced. Mining can permanently change the Earth’s surface. This open-pit mine is an example. Jh^c\GZhdjgXZh GZhdjgXZ JhZh <Vhda^cZ!eV^ci! D^a eaVhi^X!h]Vbedd :aZXig^X^in!]ZVi! 8dVa eV^cii]^ccZg! Hematite is an ore ^chZXi^X^YZh that contains the BVX]^cZh! metal iron. Iron is >gdc W^XnXaZh!Vjidh! used to make steel. dgZ Wj^aY^c\h 4 5
How can we protect Clean water is a resource we can conserve by using less of it. For example, when you are brushing your our resources? teeth, you can turn the water off. To conserve water, many communities clean used Using Resources Responsibly water. To do this, they pipe dirty water into a wetland. People can save fuel in different ways. They can Soil in the wetland pulls out harmful particles. Next, walk, ride a bicycle, or take a bus. When people plants and tiny living things destroy the particles. buy products with less packaging, they are saving Then, the cleaned water flows back into a river. Now, paper and plastic. These are ways to conserve. people can use it again. Conservation is using natural resources in a way that does not waste them or use them up. Here, dirty water is piped into These ponds of sand filter and a wetland. Once it is cleaned clean harmful particles from naturally by a wetland, it will flow dirty water. Then, farmers can back into a river. Then the water use the recycled water. can be used again. 6 7
Soil must be used wisely too. Some farmers plant Using Up Land Space for Trash crops around hills. If the crops were planted up and We throw away things we no longer need. Then a down the hills, water could wash away the soil. truck moves our trash to a landfill. Trash is buried in Farmers also plant trees around their fields to keep soil landfills. The trash never really goes away. Landfills from blowing away. are filling up quickly. Cities are growing. So people build on farmland. We can reduce the space we need for landfills. One The soil is then lost to farming. How can we protect way is to burn garbage in special furnaces. But then farmland for future generations? smoke from the burning must be cleaned. It can harm the air we breathe. We can also make less trash. More than 200 million tons of trash is put into landfills each year. We could allow these leaves to decay. They would turn into compost. Compost can add nutrients to soil. 8 9
What are ways to use Another way to conserve resources is by recycling. When you recycle something, it is changed so that it resources again? can be used again. Useful resources can be made into new products. We use recycled metal, glass, plastic, Using Resources Again and paper all the time. You conserve resources when you reuse things. Cloth napkins and empty jars can be reused. You can also give away your old clothes for others to use. These are everyday objects. Can you think of some ways to use these materials again? This bench is made of recycled plastic. 10 11
Glass is often recycled. At the recycling plant, glass At the glass companies, the shards pass under a is sorted by color. Next, it is broken into pieces called magnet to remove metal caps and rings. Shards are shards. They are shipped to glass companies. crushed into small particles called cullet. Cullet is cleaned, dried, and melted in furnaces. This glass can now be made into bottles, jars, or windowpanes. Recycled glass can be used over and over. Make new glass bottles. Sort glass. Process crushed glass. Ship to glass company. 12 13
Using Recycled Materials Conservation includes using products made Reusing and recycling are not new. Your from recycled materials. Sleeping bags you buy can great-grandparents may have bought flour in have stuffing made out of shredded plastic bottles. cloth sacks. Then they may have reused the cloth Or you can buy a sweater with yarn recycled from for rags, towels, or clothes. People have been old clothing. recycling for years. The Three R’s Today, it is easy to recycle. Many towns collect There is an easy way to remember how to protect items to be recycled. Movie theaters and office our natural resources. Remember the three R’s— buildings have special containers for bottles and reduce, reuse, and recycle. cans. Grocery stores collect used shopping bags to be recycled. This wall was made by reusing materials such as old tires and aluminum cans. This playhouse is from recycled plastic milk bottles. 14 15
VocabularyGlossary What did you learn? conservation 1. What are three examples of nonrenewable conservation use of natural resources resources? natural resource in a way that does not nonrenewable resource 2. How can farmers conserve soil? waste them or use recycle them up 3. Why is it easy to recycle today? natural resourcerenewable resource an important material 4. In this book, you read from Earth that living about landfills and the need to reduce, reuse, things need and recycle our resources. Write to explain how reducing, reusing, and recycling would affect our nonrenewable resource a resource that cannot landfills. Use examples from the book to support be replaced after it is your answer. used up 5. Compare and Contrast How are recycle to change something so renewable resources similar to nonrenewable that it can be used again resources? How are they different? renewable resource a resource that can be Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to itsreplaced in a fairly short attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) time Opener: ©Peter Walton/Index Stock Imagery; Title Page: ©Galen Rowell/Corbis; 2 ©Taxi/Getty Images; 3 Digital Vision; 4 Richard M. Busch; 5 Digital Vision; 6 ©Alan Towse/Ecoscene/Corbis; 7 ©Kevin Fleming/Corbis; 8 ©Jaye Phillips/Index Stock Imagery; 9 ©Stone/Getty Images; 11 ©Eunice Harris/ Index Stock Imagery; 12 (TL) ©Hal Lott/Corbis, (B) ©Photodisc Blue/Getty Images; 13 (BL) ©Jose Azel/Aurora & Quanta Productions, (CR) ©Stephen Barnett/ImageState; 14 ©Liz Hymans/Corbis; 15 ©Dennis Brack/Black Star ISBN: 0-328-13832-0 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 16
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