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by Dan Greenberg Cover © Lawrence Migdale/PIX. 1 Museum of the Cherokee Indian. 2 (l) Siede Preis. (r) Museum of the Cherokee Indian. 3 Siede Preis. 4 (l) Siede Preis. (r) The New York Public Library / Art Resource, NY. 5 (b) Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz/ Art Resource, NY. (r) Siede Preis. 6 (l) Siede Preis. (r) © Lawrence Migdale/PIX. 7 (r) Siede Preis. 8 (l) Siede Preis. (r) © Lawrence Migdale/PIX. 9 (l) Museum of the Cherokee Indian. (r) Siede Preis. 10 (l) Siede Preis. (b) © Lawrence Migdale/PIX. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School Publishers, Attn: Permissions, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777. Printed in China ISBN-13: 978-0-547-02142-3 ISBN-10: 0-547-02142-9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0940 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School Publishers retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited. Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.
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Celebrate! Welcome to a Cherokee stomp dance! At this celebration, singers sing, rattles shake, and dancers stomp and shuffle as they circle the sacred fire. What a night! The Cherokee have been holding dances like this for many years. It is a celebration of the past. It is also a celebration of the future. Let’s learn about the Cherokee. The stomp dance began as part of the Green Corn Festival. 2
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hio River O West Virginia Kentucky Virginia er North iv Tennessee R Carolina pi ip South ss i Mississippi Carolina ss i M Alabama Georgia ATLANTIC OCEAN Gulf of Mexico This map shows where the Cherokee lived in the 1700s. The Cherokee In the 1700s, the Cherokee were a woodland American Indian nation. At that time, their home was in the southeast United States. The Cherokee lived in a rugged land. It was a land of swift rivers and steep mountain peaks. 3
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This is a Cherokee house from the 1800s. Cherokee Homes The Cherokee built very sturdy houses. Their first houses had rounded corners. The roof was a tall peak. The walls were made of red clay. The house had a hole in the roof to let out the smoke from the fire. In the 1800s, the Cherokee began to build even stronger houses. Some were sturdy log cabins. Some were brick houses. 4
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Cherokee Women Cherokee men and women lived very different lives. Women were the farmers. As the morning mist rose, they went out to their fields. They planted corn, beans, and squash. They examined each plant carefully. They pleaded for good weather so their crops would grow. Women also prepared food and cooked meals. They did many other jobs, such as collecting firewood and wild foods. They smoked hides and made dyes. Each day was very busy! Cherokee women made baskets and pottery, wove cloth, and sewed clothing. 5
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Cherokee Men Cherokee men went off to the woods to hunt and fish. Their main job was to find food. Deer was the most important animal to the Cherokee. They ate its meat, used its skin for clothing, and made tools out of its horns. The Cherokee tried not to waste any part of the deer. Today some Cherokee hunt with blowguns like they did long ago. 6
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The Seven Cherokee Clans Clan Color Tree Specialty Wild Potato green birch protectors of Earth Clan Long Hair yellow beech teachers of traditionteachers of tradition Clan Deer Clan brown oak hunters, trackers Red Tailed purple maple messengers, huntersmessengers, hunters Hawk Clan Blue Holly blue ash healers Clan Paint Clan white locust leaders Wolf Clan red hickory protectors Each clan had its own color, tree, and special skills. Cherokee Clans The Cherokee were a people of clans or groups. Each clan had its own special jobs and skills. The Long Hair clan, for example, were the teachers of tradition. The Deer clan was good at tracking. 7
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Cherokee families still work together to make baskets. Clan Rules Different clans had different rules and customs. But all clans followed one rule. When a man married, he joined his wife’s clan. This gave women great importance. Women owned all the land. They also owned the houses that people lived in. 8
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Cherokee Today The Cherokee today are a modern people. They still belong to clans, but they also have a government. They still hunt and farm. But they are also doctors, teachers, truck drivers, and many other things. Some Cherokee still live in the Southeast. But the largest Cherokee group now lives in Oklahoma. Today, there are more than 300,000 Cherokee living in the United States. These modern Cherokee are wearing traditional dress. 9
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The Stomp Dance Today Years ago, the stomp dance was a celebration of a new corn crop. Today, the dance is a fun gathering. The stomp dance ends with everyone pausing in a circle. As the celebration ends, they all fondly say goodbye, hoping that their dance will bring them good fortune. Everyone has fun at a stomp dance. 10
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Responding TARGET VOCABULARY Word Builder The words “peak“ and “peek“ are homophones. The two words sound the same, but they are spelled differently. They also mean different things. Copy the chart and add more homophones. Word Homophone stair stare ? ? Write About It Text to Self Many people climb mountains to reach the peak. It is a challenge. Write a short paragraph about a time that you did something that was challenging. Tell what it was, why you did it, and why it was a challenge. Use the chart for words for your writing. 11
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TARGET VOCABULARY examined peak fondly pleaded mist rugged pausing steep TARGET STRATEGY Analyze/Evaluate Think carefully about the text and then form an opinion about it. The word “soft” is the opposite of which vocabulary word? 12
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Level: N DRA: 34 Social Studies Strategy: Analyze/Evaluate Word Count: 647 3.3.13 Build Vocabulary HOUGHTON MIFFLIN Online Leveled Books ISBN-13: 978-0-547-02142-3 ISBN-10: 0-547-02142-9 1032028
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