Physical SciencePhysical Science GenreGenre Comprehension SkillComprehension Skill Text FeaturesText Features Science ContentScience Content Nonfi ctionNonfi ction Draw ConclusionsDraw Conclusions • Captions• Captions MatterMatter • Call Outs• Call Outs • Labels• Labels • Glossary• Glossary Scott Foresman Science 2.8Scott Foresman Science 2.8 by Ann J. Jacobsby Ann J. Jacobs ì<(sk$m)=bdhjaj<ì<(sk$m)=bdhjaj<ISBNISBN 0-328-13790-10-328-13790-1 +^-Ä-U-Ä-U+^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Vocabulary What did you learn?Properties of Matter gas 1. What are the three states of matter? liquid 2. What is one way solids are different fromby Ann J. Jacobs mass liquids and gases? mixture 3. Heating can change matter. Write to explain how heating can property change the state of matter. Use words from solid the book as you write. states of matter 4. Draw Conclusions You put a glass of ice cubes outside on a very hot day and returned later to find the glass had only water in it. What happened to cause the change? Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: (CR) ©Photodisc Green/Getty Images, (Bkgd) ©Charles Gupton/Corbis; 2 Brand X Pictures, (CR) Getty Images; 16 Brand X Pictures; 21 ©Craig Tuttle/Corbis; 23 ©Nedra Westwater/Robert Harding Picture Library Ltd. ISBN: 0-328-13790-1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
What is matter? Matter is made of small parts. A hand lens helps you see small parts Everything is made of matter. up close. Matter is anything that takes up space Some things you cannot see are made and has mass. of matter. Mass is how much matter is in something. Air has matter! All things made of matter have mass. Everything you see is made of matter. 2 3
Properties of Matter How much something weighs is a property Different kinds of matter have different of matter. properties. How something feels is a property of matter. A property is something you can observe about an object. Color is a property of matter. Shape is a property of matter. Size is a property of matter too. Do you think the sponge weighs a lot? What colors are the pipe cleaners? Are they big Is the brush hard or or small? soft? How does the cup feel? 4 5
What are the states of matter? There are three states of matter. The states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases. Gas Solid Liquid 6 7
A solid is matter that has its own size and shape. Crayons are solids. Each crayon has a color. Solids take up space. Solids have mass. Use a ruler to find out how long, wide, and tall solids are. Notebooks are solids. Notebooks have a shape. You can use a balance to find the mass of a solid. 8 9
Liquids Water is a liquid. Liquid is matter that does not have its Put water in a jar. own shape. The water will take the shape of the jar. Liquids take the shape of what they are in. Liquids take up space and have mass. Liquids can be measured. Use a cup such as this one. Volume is the amount of space a liquid takes up. 10 11
Gases Gas can change size and shape. Gas does not have its own shape. Gas has mass. Gas is matter that takes the size and You breathe air. shape of what it is in. Air is made of gases. Gas takes up all the space inside what it is in. Gas fills the balloons. Gas takes the size and shape Gas fills the bubble. Gas of the balloons. takes the size and shape of the bubble. 12 13
How can matter be changed? Matter can be changed in many ways. You can change the size of matter. You can change the shape of matter. Rip paper to change its size. Fold paper into a new shape. Press clay into a new shape. Bend a pipe cleaner to change its shape. 14 15
Mixing and Separating Matter This is a mixture of fruits. You can put different kinds of matter together. You can see each part. This makes a mixture. You can separate a mixture. The parts stay the same. A mixture is made up of two or more things. These things do not change. 16 17
Mixing with Water This mixture is made with salt and water. Some mixtures are made with water. There are different ways to separate This mixture is made with sand and water. mixtures. The matter can sink. The water can evaporate. Look at this mixture. You can see the sand and the water. Look at this mixture. What do you think will happen when the water evaporates? 18 19
How can cooling and The water will change to ice. heating change matter? Ice is solid water. Water is matter. Water can change. Water will freeze when it is very cold. Rain will freeze when it is cold. Water on the leaves changed from a liquid to a solid. You can freeze liquid water to make ice. Water as a gas is water vapor. It changes to a liquid when it meets a cold glass. See the water drops. 20 21
Heating Matter Heat can change other matter from Heating can change the state of matter. solids to liquids. Heat can change solids to liquids. Wax melts when you burn a candle. Heat can change liquids to gases. Look at the matter around you. Ice and snow melt when it is warm. What will stay the same? Solid water changes to a liquid. What can change? Heat from the Sun makes water evaporate. 22 23
GlossaryVocabulary What did you learn? gasgas matter that has mass and 1. What are the three states of matter? liquid can change size and shape 2. What is one way solids are different from liquidmass matter that takes up space liquids and gases? and has mass, but does not 3. Heating can change mixture have its own shape matter. Write to explain how heating can property change the state of matter. Use words from mass the amount of matter in an solid the book as you write. object states of matter 4. Draw Conclusions You put a glass mixture something made up of two of ice cubes outside on a very hot day and or more things that do not returned later to find the glass had only water change in it. What happened to cause the change? property something about an object that you can find out with your senses Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to itssolid matter that has its own attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd)Opener: (CR) ©Photodisc Green/Getty Images, (Bkgd) ©Charles Gupton/Corbis; 2 Brand X Pictures, (CR)mass, shape, and size Getty Images; 16 Brand X Pictures; 21 ©Craig Tuttle/Corbis; 23 ©Nedra Westwater/Robert Harding Picture Library Ltd. states of matter solids, liquids, and gases ISBN: 0-328-13790-1 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 24
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