GenreGenre Comprehension SkillComprehension Skill Text FeaturesText Features Science ContentScience Content Nonfi ctionNonfi ction Cause and EffectCause and Effect • Captions• Captions Plants andPlants and • Diagram• Diagram AnimalsAnimals • Glossary• Glossary Scott Foresman Science 2.3Scott Foresman Science 2.3 ì<(sk$m)=bdhhgd<ì<(sk$m)=bdhhgd<ISBNISBN 0-328-13776-60-328-13776-6 +^-Ä-U-Ä-U+^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Vocabulary What did you learn? consumer food chain 1. What is the difference between food web a producer and a consumer? predator prey 2. What can animals use to producer build nests? 3. Energy moves through a food chain. Write to explain how it moves. Use wordsby Evan Allen from the book as you write. 4. Cause and Effect What happens when habitats cannot Picture Credits meet the needs of the plants and Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. animals that live there? Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). 2 Andrew Plumptre/Photolibrary/OSF Limited; 7 Tom Vezo/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 8 Ferrero-Labat /Peter Arnold, Inc.; 9 (CR) ©Rick and Nora Bowers/Visuals Unlimited; 13 (BL) ©Darren Bennett/Animals Animals/Earth Scenes; 14 (BL) Amos Nachoum/Corbis; 15 (TR) Amos Nachoum/Corbis, (CL) ©Oxford University Museum/DK Images; 16 Alexis Rosenfeld/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 17 (C) Alexis Rosenfeld/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 18 Mark Moffett/Minden Pictures; 19 (B) © Gilbert Twiest /Visuals Unlimited; 21 Heather Angel/Natural Visions; 22 ©Steve Hopkin/Ardea. Scott Foresman/Dorling Kindersley would also like to thank: 15 (CLA) Stephen Oliver/DK Images. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson. ISBN: 0-328-13776-6 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Plants and Animals Plants and animals both need air. They both Have Needs need water. They both need space. All living things need food. Plants and animals are living things. All living things have needs. Needs can be different for different living things. Plants need light from the Sun. Animals need shelter. All living things share some needs. 2 3
Some living things can make their own food. Some living things cannot make food inside They are called producers. Plants are producers. their own bodies. They are called consumers. They use light from the Sun to make food in their Consumers look for food in their habitats. leaves and stems. Green plants can make food. Animals are consumers. Cows need grass to eat. 4 5
Different Needs Plants and animals share habitats. Different animals have different needs. They help each other to get what Big animals need more food, water, and space. they need. Small animals need less food, water, and space. Sometimes habitats do not have enough food. When this happens some animals might die. A gilded fl icker nests in a cactus. Which of these animals needs more space? 6 7
Getting Food In a Grassland Food chains show how living things get food. All food chains start with the Sun. Plants use energy from the Sun to make food. Animals eat grass those plants. Other animals eat those animals. These are the steps of a food chain. gazelles grazing in a grassland habitat prairie dog black-footed ferret Energy passes from the Sun to the black- footed ferret in this food chain. Animals in food chains can be predators or prey. Predators catch and eat other animals. The animals they eat are prey. 8 9
butterfl y Sun daisy skink Energy moves in the steps of A butterfl y feeds on the daisy. The butterfl y a food chain. Look at the grassland gets energy too. A skink eats the butterfl y. food chain above. Energy goes from The skink gets energy. The energy has moved the Sun to a daisy plant. from the Sun to the skink. 10 11
Food Web in a Grassland Look at the picture of a grassland food web. The Sun helps plants make food. Some animals Habitats can have more than one food chain. eat the plants. Other animals eat those animals. Grasslands have more than one food chain. Follow the arrows to see the All the food chains in a grassland make up different food chains. a food web. raccoon hawk vole mountain lion coyote corn plant fox 12 13
Getting Food In an Ocean seal An ocean is another habitat. Many plants orca and animals live there. These plants and animals get energy through food chains. Look at the ocean food chain below. starfi sh What animals are part of this food chain? crab mussels sea urchin zooplankton sea gull kelp Ocean food chains make up food webs. Look at the plants and animals. How does orca codfi sh energy move from the Sun to the orca? 14 15
Food Webs People can change food webs. When people Can Change throw trash in the ocean they hurt ocean food webs. People can help too. It helps when people try to keep the ocean clean. Lots of things can change a food web. Some changes can be bad. They hurt the plants and animals in the food web. 16 17
Plants and Animals Help Each Other Yucca moths help yucca plants. They take pollen from plant to plant. This helps new plants grow. Plants and animals can help each other. Yucca plants help yucca moths. The moths These wasps are getting food from a fi g. lay their eggs in the plants. When they hatch, the young moths fi nd shelter in the plant. young fi g wasps feeding on a fi g Yucca plants and yucca moths help each other. 18 19
Animals Need Each Other Animals need each other in many ways. Animals work together. They can protect each other. They can feed each other. They can give each other a place to live. The oxpecker eats ticks that live on the rhino’s back. This keeps the rhino clean. The rhino and the oxpecker need each other. Building Nests Animals can use parts of plants and other animals to build nests. They can use leaves. They can use feathers. What parts of plants and animals do you see in this nest? 20 21
Dairy ants and aphids live together and Plants and animals live together. help each other. The ants keep predators They share needs. Living things help away from the aphids. The aphids make each other in many ways. honeydew. The honeydew is a sweet treat for the ants to eat. dairy ant aphid 22 23
GlossaryVocabulary What did you learn? consumer food chain 1. What is the difference between consumer a living thing that eats other a producer and a consumer? food web living things predator prey 2. What can animals use to food chain how living things get energy build nests? producer from food 3. Energy moves food web more than one food chain through a food chain. Write to in one place explain how it moves. Use words from the book as you write. predator an animal that hunts and eats other animals 4. Cause and Effect What happens when habitats cannot Picture Creditsprey animals that are hunted meet the needs of the plants and Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material.for food The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. animals that live there? Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). 2 Andrew Plumptre/Photolibrary/OSF Limited; 7 Tom Vezo/Peter Arnold, Inc.; 8 Ferrero-Labat /Peter Arnold, Inc.; 9 (CR) ©Rick and Nora Bowers/Visuals Unlimited; 13 (BL) ©Darren Bennett/Animals Animals/Earth Scenes;14 (BL) Amos Nachoum/Corbis; 15 (TR) Amos Nachoum/Corbis, (CL) ©Oxford University Museum/DK Images;producer a living thing that makes its 16 Alexis Rosenfeld/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 17 (C) Alexis Rosenfeld/Photo Researchers, Inc.;own food 18 Mark Moffett/Minden Pictures; 19 (B) © Gilbert Twiest /Visuals Unlimited; 21 Heather Angel/Natural Visions; 22 ©Steve Hopkin/Ardea. Scott Foresman/Dorling Kindersley would also like to thank: 15 (CLA) Stephen Oliver/DK Images. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson. ISBN: 0-328-13776-6 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 0524
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