GenreGenre Comprehension SkillComprehension Skill Text FeaturesText Features Science ContentScience Content Nonfi ctionNonfi ction Cause and EffectCause and Effect • Captions• Captions Plants andPlants and • Map• Map AnimalsAnimals • Labels• Labels • Glossary• Glossary Scott Foresman Science 2.3Scott Foresman Science 2.3 ì<(sk$m)=bdhhha<ì<(sk$m)=bdhhha<ISBNISBN 0-328-13777-40-328-13777-4 +^-Ä-U-Ä-U+^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Vocabulary Extended Vocabulary What did you learn? consumer algae food chain emergent 1. What are the layers of a rain forest? food web equator predator layers 2. How do archer fish get food? prey nectar producer pollen 3. Monkeys live in the canopy of the rain forest. Write to explain how their bodies helpby Shirley Horton them live in the trees. Use words from this book as you write. 4. Cause and Effect What might happen if a bird or a lizard gets too close to a boa? Picture Credits Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). 9 (B) Stephen Dalton/NHPA Limited; 12 (C) Neil Nightingale/Nature Picture Library, (R) Terry Whittaker/Frank Lane Picture Agency/Corbis; 13 (B) ©Jerry Young/DK Images. Scott Foresman/Dorling Kindersley would also like to thank: 16 (B) Jerry Young/DK Images; 18 (R) Jerry Young/DK Images. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson. ISBN: 0-328-13777-4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
What You Already Know Plants and animals need each other to A food web is when many food chains live. Sometimes plants and animals help happen in one place. Food webs are each other fi nd food and shelter. Sometimes found in many environments. Sometimes they protect each other. Sometimes they eat food webs change. each other! Plants make food with energy from the In this book you will read about how Sun. Many animals eat plants. Other animals plants and animals live together in a rain eat these animals. This is called a food chain. forest. You will learn about the parts of a Living things that make their own food, rain forest. You will meet many different like plants, are called producers. Animals that plants and animals that live in each part. eat other living things are called consumers. Some animals hunt other animals for food. They are called predators. Some animals get hunted. They are called prey. Food chains have predators and prey. This chameleon is using its long tongue to catch an insect. 2 3
What is a rain forest? Rain Forest Layers Look at the map below. The red line is Emergent layer—the tops the equator. It is an imaginary line that of the tallest trees reach sunlight and air here. goes all around the middle of the world. Right over and under the line is where rain forests grow. Canopy—the tops Plants in these forests grow tall, thick, of some trees and and green. This is because the weather plants make a lot there is warm and wet. of shade here. There are different layers in a rain forest, like the layers of a cake. Understory—the trunks of tall trees and the tops of some short plants reach here. equator Forest fl oor—this is the South ground level where America trees and plants begin (Amazon rain forest) to grow. Rivers—rainwater runs On this map, the dark green places are rain forests. off forest leaves and branches here. 4 5
The River Piranhas are fast Many kinds of fi sh fi sh with lots of very live and lay their eggs sharp teeth. They like in the rivers of rain nibbling the fi ns of forests. Most fi sh eat other fi sh for food. insects that fall into Snip, snip! the water. Archer Caimans, like fi sh do not wait for alligators, are their dinner to come water reptiles. When to them. They knock hunting, they can insects off low-hanging hide under the water archer fi sh piranha plants. Then, gulp! with their eyes just above it. Then, snap! caiman crocodile 6 7
The Riverbank Anacondas are big Tapirs are mammals. They look snakes. Sometimes for plants to eat at night. They they hunt for food in have to be careful when they look the river. Other times for food. Predators, such as large they hunt in the trees. snakes and water reptiles, Anacondas coil around their anaconda are watching for prey. Then they swallow their prey tapirs to eat! in one big gulp. Basilisk lizards are small, light, and fast. These reptiles can run across the water on their back legs as they chase their food. basilisk lizard tapir 8 9
The Forest Insects and spiders also live on the forest fl oor. Gorillas are big apes that live in lowland Wasps and bees drink or mountain rain forests. They spend their nectar from forest fl owers. days playing, sleeping, and eating on the They carry pollen from forest fl oor. At night, fl ower to fl ower. This young gorillas sleep helps fruit to grow. in nests in the trees. Tarantulas are big Other gorillas build spiders. They move fast their nests on through the leaves on the the ground. forest fl oor. They have paper hair all over! wasps tarantula gorilla 1010 11
Some fl owers grow on the The Understory dark forest fl oor. Raffl esia (rah-FLEE-zhah) fl owers have Some of the animals that live no stems or leaves. They live among the leaves, branches, and on the roots or stems of other vines of the understory never go plants. Raffl esias are the down to the forest fl oor. Bats sleep largest fl owers ever found. in the day, hanging from branches. At night they zip through the trees hunting for food. Some bats eat only insects. Others, like this raffl esia vampire bat, eat animal blood. vampire bat 12 13
Many plants growing from branches in the understory are golden tree boa shaped like cups. These plants can hold rainwater. Tree frogs lay their Chameleons are lizards. They eggs in these plant change their colors to look like cups. The frogs also red-eyed the forest around them. This tree frog hide in these plants to wait camoufl age helps them stay safe. for insects to fl y by. They Boas are snakes that curl up in eat the insects they catch. tree branches. They trap birds and lizards that get too close. Then they strike, squeeze, and swallow. chameleon 14 15
The Canopy Lots of different kinds of orchids grow in the canopy. People around the world love these beautiful fl owers. People take Many swinging these fl owers to many and fl ying animals other places to grow. live in the canopy. Tiny green plants orchid called algae grow in the hair of big sloths. These plants grow because a sloth’s fur is wet from the rain. Unlike other canopy birds, toucans have very long toucan beaks. Their beaks are long, but they are very light. sloth 16 17
Monkeys live in the canopy too. These animals swing and leap through their treetop homes. They are made to move well in the trees. They have long arms and tails. They have hands and feet that can grip the branches. squirrel monkey Monkeys can siamang gibbon stay safe in their treetop homes. As spider long as they stay monkey up in the trees, they cannot be eaten! Gibbons are small apes. They are like monkeys in many ways but they have no tails. 18 19
The Emergent Layer Rain forest butterfl ies fl y in the emergent layer. The blue morpho butterfl y is easy to spot. It is bright blue. Predators are fooled by the way this butterfl y looks. Predators think it is a fl ower. They stay away Marmosets are and the butterfl y stays safe. blue morpho little monkeys that butterfly eat insects and fruit. They can move through the treetops. They cannot hold on with their tails and hands as well as other monkeys. Colobus monkeys almost never go down to the fl oor of the forest. marmoset They fi nd most of the food they eat in the trees. These monkeys have very long tails to help them move in the trees. colobus monkey 20 21
These birds are parrots. They fl y through the emergent layer to fi nd food. They make loud noises as they fl y. Parrots and their eggs are the prey of many forest animals. They are also hunted by people who sell them as pets. If you ever visit a rain forest, watch for these beautiful birds and for the other animals you have read about. You will not see them all in the same rain forest. At fi rst, you may not even see any of them. But rainbow lorikeet keep watching. Some of parakeet them will be watching you! macaw 22 23
VocabularyGlossaryExtended Vocabulary What did you learn? consumer algae food chain emergent 1. What are the layers of a rain forest? algae tiny plants that grow in water food web equator predator layers 2. How do archer fish get food? emergent coming up into the sunlight prey nectar producer pollen 3. Monkeys live in equator an imaginary circle around the canopy of the rain forest. Write the middle of the Earth to explain how their bodies help them live in the trees. Use words layers parts that go on top of one from this book as you write. another 4. Cause and Effect What might nectar a sweet liquid found in many happen if a bird or a lizard gets too fl owers close to a boa? pollen a fine powder that comes Picture Credits Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material.from fl owers The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). 9 (B) Stephen Dalton/NHPA Limited; 12 (C) Neil Nightingale/Nature Picture Library, (R) Terry Whittaker/Frank Lane Picture Agency/Corbis; 13 (B) ©Jerry Young/DK Images. Scott Foresman/Dorling Kindersley would also like to thank: 16 (B) Jerry Young/DK Images; 18 (R) Jerry Young/DK Images. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson. ISBN: 0-328-13777-4 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.24 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Affichage des 14 premières pages. Téléchargez le document pour le voir en entier.
Aucun commentaire pour le moment. Soyez le premier !
Commentaires (0)
Aucun commentaire pour le moment. Soyez le premier !