GenreGenre Comprehension SkillComprehension Skill Text FeaturesText Features Science ContentScience Content Nonfi ctionNonfi ction RetellRetell • Captions• Captions TechnologyTechnology • Labels• Labels • Glossary• Glossary Scott Foresman Science 2.13Scott Foresman Science 2.13 ì<(sk$m)=bdiahe<ì<(sk$m)=bdiahe<ISBNISBN 0-328-13807-X0-328-13807-X +^-Ä-U-Ä-U+^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Vocabulary Extended Vocabulary What did you learn? engine aviators invent gasoline 1. What are two of the special tasks manufacture helicopter that helicopters are able to do? meteorologist helium Why can they do these things? satellite propane technology runway 2. Why do hot air balloons rise high transportation into the air? vaccine 3. You’ve read about different kinds of fl ying machines in this book. Write to explain how the monoplaneby Tess Mason changed to the biplane, which then changed to the triplane. Explain which one worked better and why. Picture Credits Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. 4. Retell the story of the fi rst The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). airplane fl ight by the Wright 1 (B) Bob Burch/Index Stock Imagery; 3 Age Fotostock; 6 (BL) Getty Images; 7 Gamma/Katz Pictures Limited; 8 (B) Bob Burch/Index Stock Imagery; 9 Bettmann/Corbis; 14 (B) Age Fotostock; 15 Gamma/Katz Pictures Limited. brothers. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson. ISBN: 0-328-13807-X Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
What You Already Know We use technology each day without even noticing it. Technology means using science to helicopter help us solve problems. People think up, or invent, ways to use science and technology. New inventions change the way people live. Technology also helps people communicate, One thing that has changed is the way we get have fun, and work. A meteorologist studies the from place to place. This is transportation. At weather with information from satellites. A one time we could only walk. Now we drive cars satellite is an object that revolves around a larger and fly planes. These kinds of transportation have object. Satellites in space send pictures back to engines. An engine is a machine that does work. Earth. Meteorologists look at the pictures and Another invention that has changed how we tell us about the weather. live is the vaccine. A vaccine is medicine that Technology is manufactured, or made. can help prevent disease. Doctors use technology Sometimes technology is manufactured by in other ways too. people or sometimes machines do the work. One of the most important technologies Transportation enables people to ever invented and manufactured is the flying travel long distances. machine. Flying machines have changed transportation. Today they are an important part of everyday life. 2 3
Up, Up, and Away Have you ever been on a plane? What about a This steam-powered model was helicopter? Maybe you have among the many experimental dreamed of fl ying to the fl ying machines. Moon. One hundred years ago planes were just a Leonardo da Vinci was a great artist and dream. Now we can get on inventor. In the 1400s, he studied bird wings an airplane and fl y anywhere to make the fi rst fl ying machines. For the next in the world. It took people Humans have few hundred years, people tried many different dreamed of thousands of years to get to fl ying like birds ways to fl y. The fi rst airplane left the ground this point. for centuries. in 1903. Since then, we have learned a lot For centuries, people have more about fl ight. Today there are many kinds looked at birds fl y through of fl ying machines, such as planes, helicopters, the skies, wishing they and space shuttles. could do the same. People in China even tried to fly on kites three thousand years ago. modern propeller plane 4 5
Hot Air Balloons One of the fi rst fl ying machines was the These days hot air balloons hot air balloon. Warm air is lighter than cool air. use propane for fuel. The Warm air rises. Hot air balloons can rise up into propane fi res the engines the sky because they are filled with hot air. that heat the air. In 1783 the Montgolfi er brothers Hot air balloons are used this idea. They made the a great way to fl y, but fi rst successful hot air balloon. they are hard to steer. To heat the air, they burned They are not easy straw and wool. to use for traveling. Even so, in 2002 Steve Fossett became the fi rst man to fl y a hot air balloon all the way around the world! The Montgolfi ers’ balloon was the fi rst-ever hot air balloon. Steve Fossett became the fi rst man to fl y around the Hot air balloons world in this hot air balloon, can be very colorful. called Spirit of Freedom. 6 7
Airships Powered Flight Since hot air balloons Aviators are people who fly aircraft and study are so hard to steer, early fl ying. Powered planes are planes that use inventors kept searching engines and fuel, such as gasoline, to fly. for a better fl ying machine. Two aviators, called the Wright brothers, In 1852 Henri Giffard fl ew Henri Giffard built made the fi rst powered airplane fl ight. Their the fi rst airship. The airship the fi rst airship. plane was called the Flyer. It weighed uses gases that are lighter than air, such as 605 pounds. The fl ight only lasted 12 seconds! helium. This lets them rise up into the sky. The Flyer traveled 120 feet. The Wright brothers’ Airships have an engine so they can be more historic first flight led to today’s airplanes. easily steered. Today some airships can stay up in the air for days. a modern airship The Wright brothers made the first powered fl ight in 1903. 8 9
The success of the Wright brothers’ fi rst fl ight inspired inventors Louis Blériot fl ew over the English Channel in all around the world. Many his monoplane. people tried to build their own aircraft and came up with new ideas. Triplanes had three short wings. The pilot could steer better and see better. In 1909 Elise Deroche became the first female pilot in the world. In the same year, Louis Blériot fl ew across the English Channel in his The Wright brothers used a monoplane, the Blériot XI. Blériot designed the biplane design. Bi means “two.” first successful monoplane. Mono means “one.” Biplanes have two pairs of wings. Monoplanes have only one pair of wings. The monoplane could fl y faster than the biplane, but the biplane was safer. It did not crash as often. Biplanes have two In World War I, triplanes were pairs of wings. invented. Tri means “three.” Triplanes had three pairs of wings. This made them easier to handle. Pilots could see better out of triplanes because the wings were shorter. 10 11
the Boeing 247 the Blackbird Airplanes became more and more important. In 1933 a company called Boeing flew the fi rst modern passenger plane. It was called the 247. It carried ten passengers. More than thirty years later, in 1969, Boeing flew the “Jumbo Jet.” The Jumbo Jet can carry more than four hundred passengers. It is still the largest airplane in the world. Soon people started using airplanes for work. The U.S. Postal Service flew its fi rst Jumbo Jet cross-country mail service in 1920. By 1924 it started a regular airmail service between New York and San Francisco. Planes carried mail much faster than trains had done. The military has invented some of the fastest planes. The SR-71 “Blackbird” flew from New York to London in less than two hours! A regular plane takes about six hours to make this trip. 12 13
Helicopters Future Flights The fi rst useful From kites to the fi rst airplane, fl ying helicopter was made machines have come a long way. Now we have in 1936 by Heinrich helicopters and jet planes. We even have space Focke and Gerd Achgelis. shuttles that fl y into outer space. People keep Helicopters are used for an early helicopter inventing new ideas for ways to fly. Maybe many things. They are small and fast to turn. someday we’ll be able to fly without planes. Who Helicopters can hover. This means they can stay knows what we can do next? The sky is the limit! in the air without moving. They can also land without a runway. Helicopters are used for rescuing people. They are also used for observing animals in the wild. Is this the future a modern helicopter of fl ying? 14 15
GlossaryVocabulary Extended Vocabulary What did you learn? engine aviators invent gasoline 1. What are two of the special tasks manufacture helicopter that helicopters are able to do? aviators people who fl y aircraft and Why can they do these things? meteorologist study fl yinghelium satellite propane technology runway 2. Why do hot air balloons rise high gasoline a common fuel into the air? transportation helicoptervaccine an aircraft without wings 3. You’ve read that moves with propellers about different kinds of fl ying machines in this book. Write to helium a very light gas explain how the monoplane changed to the biplane, which propane a kind of gas used as fuel then changed to the triplane. Explain which one worked better runway a paved strip of ground and why. on which planes land and Picture Credits Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material.take off 4. Retell the story of the fi rst The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). airplane fl ight by the Wright 1 (B) Bob Burch/Index Stock Imagery; 3 Age Fotostock; 6 (BL) Getty Images; 7 Gamma/Katz Pictures Limited; 8 (B) Bob Burch/Index Stock Imagery; 9 Bettmann/Corbis; 14 (B) Age Fotostock; 15 Gamma/Katz Pictures Limited. brothers. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson. ISBN: 0-328-13807-X Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 0516
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