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Fun FactsFun Facts • At six feet four inches tall, Abraham• At six feet four inches tall, Abraham Lincoln was the tallest President.Lincoln was the tallest President. • Abraham Lincoln’s wife, Mary Todd,• Abraham Lincoln’s wife, Mary Todd, was from Kentucky.was from Kentucky. • People did not think Lincoln was a• People did not think Lincoln was a handsome man. When a little girl namedhandsome man. When a little girl named Grace Bedell wrote him a letter sayingGrace Bedell wrote him a letter saying he should grow a beard, he did!he should grow a beard, he did! ComprehensionComprehension GenreGenre Text FeaturesText Features SkillSkill Nonfi ctionNonfi ction SequenceSequence • Glossary• Glossary • Captions• Captions • Illustrations• Illustrations Scott Foresman Social StudiesScott Foresman Social Studies ì<(sk$m)=bedjaa<ì<(sk$m)=bedjaa<ISBNISBN 0-328-14390-10-328-14390-1 +^-Ä-U-Ä-U+^-Ä-U-Ä-U by Kristin Cashoreby Kristin Cashore
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President Abraham Lincoln was famous for the speeches he gave. In this book you Write to It! will learn why President Lincoln is so well Think about something known for the words he spoke and wrote. important that is going on in your You will learn how his words made a difference during a very important time school or in our country. Write a in history. short speech that tells what is going on and how you feel about it. Give Vocabulary your speech in class. Try to help shelter others understand how you feel enslaved about what is going on. tradition independence Write your ideas on a separate sheet Table of Contents of paper. 1. Lincoln Teaches Himself............................... page 2 2. Lincoln Debates with Douglas ..................... page 4 3. Lincoln Talks About Slavery......................... page 6 4. Lincoln Talks to Southerners ........................ page 8 Maps MapQuest, Inc. 5. Lincoln’s Words During the War ................. page10 Photographs Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for 6. We Remember Lincoln ................................ page14 photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman,by Kristin Cashore ISBN: 0-328-14390-1 a division of Pearson Education. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher Opener: (Bkgd) ©Hulton Archive/Getty Images, (L) ©Bettmann/Corbis, (R) Louisiana prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission Historical Association; 2 ©Bettmann/Corbis; 3 The Granger Collection, NY; 4 in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or ©Bettmann/Corbis; 5 ©Bettman/Corbis; 6 The Granger Collection, NY; 7 The Granger likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Collection, NY; 8 Sallie Alane Reason/©DK Images; 9 (L) ©Bettmann/Corbis, (R) Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. Louisiana Historical Association; 10 Bridgeman Art Library; 11 North Wind PictureEditorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Archives; 12 Corbis; 13 North Wind Picture Archives; 14 The Granger Collection, NY; 15Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 The Granger Collection, NY; 16 ©Hulton Archive/Getty Images.Coppell, Texas • Ontario, California • Mesa, Arizona
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Lincoln once worked as a “rail splitter.” He split logs for building fences and cabins. Abraham Lincoln lived in a log cabin when he was young. 1. Lincoln Teaches Himself President Abraham Lincoln is remembered Lincoln was born in 1809. He and his for many things. One thing we remember family were pioneers who lived on farms is the wonderful way he used words. When in Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois. Their Lincoln talked, people listened. People shelter was a simple log cabin. Lincoln stood in bad weather for hours to hear him was too busy helping on the farm to go to speak! They loved reading his writing too. school all the time. But he wanted to learn. How did Abraham Lincoln learn to He taught himself to read and write. read and write so well? Lincoln spent less He studied what he read. He taught than a year in school. He never went to himself math. Abraham Lincoln decided college at all. But he was a great reader to become a lawyer. He could not go to law from the time he was very young. school, so he taught himself law! 2 3
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2. Lincoln Debates with Douglas Lincoln worked as a lawyer for many years. He also worked as a congressman, which means he spoke for the people of Illinois in Big crowds came to hear Lincoln and Douglas debate. government. When Abraham Lincoln gave speeches, many people came to listen. Douglas was part of a group called the In 1858 Lincoln ran for the United States Democrats. In 1858 many of the Democrats Senate. He ran against Stephen A. Douglas. did not agree with the Republicans about Lincoln asked Douglas to debate with him. slavery. They thought that slavery should A debate is a discussion about different be allowed. They did not believe that slaves opinions. Lincoln and Douglas debated should have rights. seven times. Many people came In the end Lincoln lost this election to to hear them speak. They talked mostly Douglas, but the debates made Lincoln a about slavery. famous man. Because he was such a great Lincoln was part of a group called the speaker, people wanted to hear what he had Republicans. Most Republicans thought that to say. When it was time to choose a man it was wrong for people to be enslaved. They to run for President, the Republicans chose hoped that someday slavery would end. Abraham Lincoln. 4 5
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These people escaped slavery and came to the North. Their stories encouraged people like Lincoln to work Lincoln was officially sworn in as President on March 4, 1861. to end slavery. 3. Lincoln Talks About Slavery In his speeches, Lincoln said that slavery went against America’s tradition of The biggest topic in the Presidential freedom. He knew that the Revolutionary election of 1860 was slavery. In the North War was fought so that the colonies could slavery was not legal. In the South slavery gain their independence, or freedom, from was legal. Most people in the South were English rulers. Lincoln was against afraid that if Lincoln became President he slavery because he believed in freedom would try to take away their slaves. for all people. Lincoln made many speeches about Many people were afraid of what slavery. He tried to calm the fears of the Lincoln might do, especially in the South. people of the South. He also made it clear Lincoln won the election. He became that he thought slavery was wrong. President of the United States. 6 7
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The green states on the map make up the Union. The purple states are the Confederacy. The five orange Union soldiers wore blue uniforms. Confederate, or states stayed part of the United States, even though they Southern, soldiers wore gray uniforms. allowed slavery. 4. Lincoln Talks to Southerners Lincoln was hoping for a peaceful solution to the crisis. He said that in the United Most of the people in the southern states States it was a tradition for people to work did not want Lincoln to be President. Some together even when they did not agree. of them decided that they did not want to He told them that he did not want to go be a part of the United States anymore. to war. He said that the American people They decided to form their own government. could find a peaceful way to end this After the election eleven southern states disagreement. eventually seceded, meaning they broke Lincoln’s speeches did not change away from the rest of the states. things. In April of 1861 the North and Lincoln was very upset. He thought South went to war. More southern states that it was not legal for a state to secede. seceded. The North, called the Union, Always a speaker, he tried to use words to and the South, called the Confederacy, convince the people of the South to change fought against each other. The Civil War their minds. had begun. 8 9
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Lincoln’s most famous speech is the one he gave at the Gettysburg battleground. On November 19, 1863, Lincoln went to Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation announced Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. A terrible battle freedom for enslaved people. had taken place there in July. He gave a 5. Lincoln’s Words During the War speech called the Gettysburg Address. In the speech he honored the people who had The Civil War lasted from 1861 to 1865. died in battle. Today this speech is thought Some of the most important things ever to be one of the finest ever written by a written by a President were written by President. Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. On December 8, 1863 Lincoln made a Lincoln wrote the Emancipation proclamation about how the South should Proclamation. Emancipation means be treated after the war. In this speech he “freedom,” and a proclamation is a big said that people of the South would not announcement. On January 1, 1863, be punished as long as they agreed to Lincoln read this announcement of follow the law. He talked about his plan freedom. He said that all enslaved people for helping the southern states join the in the Confederacy were now free. country again. 10 11
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John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln while Lincoln was watching a play. Lincoln spoke to his troops during the war. He thanked them for their help. Many people were still angry about Lincoln also wrote many letters during the the war and the end of slavery. On April 14 war. He wrote letters to the men in charge an actor named John Wilkes Booth shot of the Union army. He wrote to families of Lincoln while the President and his wife soldiers. Lincoln’s letters showed that he were at a play. Booth thought he was was a wise, patient, and fair man. helping the South. He just made it harder In April 1865 the Civil War ended. The for the country to heal. President Lincoln Union had won the war. Lincoln began died the next day. to think about the big job of uniting the The man who had spoken such country again. beautiful words was now silent. 12 13
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Thousands of people came to see Lincoln’s funeral in Washington, D.C. 6. We Remember Lincoln Abraham Lincoln had faith in the American people. He believed that in the On December 6, 1865 the 13th end, they would do the right thing. He died Amendment became part of the United knowing that our nation would live on, States Constitution. This law put an end to through good and bad times. slavery in the United States. Even though We remember Lincoln as the man who the slaves were free, they were often treated kept our country from splitting in two. poorly. Many people in the South stayed We remember his thoughts and his ideas, angry with the North. Some northerners and we remember his words. Maybe, like treated the South badly. The war was over, Lincoln, we can find ways to write and say but the country was not peaceful. things that make a difference in the world. 14 15
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GlossaryPresident Abraham Lincoln was famous for the speeches he gave. In this book you Write to It! will learn why President Lincoln is so well enslaved made to live as slaves, or owned Think about something known for the words he spoke and wrote. as property important that is going on in your You will learn how his words made a difference during a very important time school or in our country. Write a independence to be free from other in history. short speech that tells what is going people or places on and how you feel about it. Give Vocabularyshelter a place where people live your speech in class. Try to help traditionshelter something that is done a others understand how you feel enslavedcertain way for many years about what is going on. tradition independence Write your ideas on a separate sheet Table of Contents of paper. 1. Lincoln Teaches Himself............................... page 2 2. Lincoln Debates with Douglas ..................... page 4 3. Lincoln Talks About Slavery......................... page 6 4. Lincoln Talks to Southerners ........................ page 8 Maps MapQuest, Inc. 5. Lincoln’s Words During the War ................. page10 Photographs Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for 6. We Remember Lincoln ................................ page14 photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, ISBN: 0-328-14390-1 a division of Pearson Education. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher Opener: (Bkgd) ©Hulton Archive/Getty Images, (L) ©Bettmann/Corbis, (R) Louisiana prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission Historical Association; 2 ©Bettmann/Corbis; 3 The Granger Collection, NY; 4 in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, orPolitical poster from the 1860 election ©Bettmann/Corbis; 5 ©Bettman/Corbis; 6 The Granger Collection, NY; 7 The Granger likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Collection, NY; 8 Sallie Alane Reason/©DK Images; 9 (L) ©Bettmann/Corbis, (R) Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. Louisiana Historical Association; 10 Bridgeman Art Library; 11 North Wind Picture Archives; 12 Corbis; 13 North Wind Picture Archives; 14 The Granger Collection, NY; 15 161 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 The Granger Collection, NY; 16 ©Hulton Archive/Getty Images.
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