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Space and TechnologySpace and Technology by Harriet Stansburyby Harriet Stansbury GenreGenre Comprehension SkillComprehension Skill Text FeaturesText Features Science ContentScience Content Nonfi ctionNonfi ction Alike and DifferentAlike and Different • Captions• Captions Earth and SpaceEarth and Space • Labels• Labels • Glossary• Glossary Scott Foresman Science 2.12Scott Foresman Science 2.12 ISBN-13:ISBN-13: 978-0-328-34224-2978-0-328-34224-2 ISBN-10:ISBN-10: 0-328-34224-60-328-34224-6 9 0 0 0 09 0 0 0 0 99 7 8 0 3 2 87 8 0 3 2 8 3 4 2 2 4 23 4 2 2 4 2
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Vocabulary What did you learn?Earth and Space axis 1. What is the Sun made of? constellation 2. What is Earth’s axis?by Harriet Stansbury crater 3. Earth’s rotation causes orbit night and day. Write to explain how this happens. phase 4. Alike and Different Look at the rotation picture of the planets in our solar system. How solar system are the planets alike? How are they different? Illustrations: 6, 8, 15, 21, 22 Bob Kayganich Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opening: ©Photodisc Green/Getty Images; Title Page: ©Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA; 2 ©Roger Tidman/Corbis; 4 ©SOHO (ESA & NASA)/NASA; 10 ©John M. Roberts/Corbis; 11 ©Taxi/ Getty Images; 12 ©James Randklev-Visions of America/Corbis; 13 ©Royalty-Free/Corbis; 16 ©Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis; 17 ©Jerry Schad/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 18 (B) NASA Image Exchange, (TC) ©Stone/Getty Images; 20 ©John Sanford/Photo Researchers, Inc. ISBN 13: 978-0-328-34224-2; ISBN 10: 0-328-34224-6 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07
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What is the Sun? The Sun is very bright. This is why you cannot see other stars in You can see stars in the night sky. the day. Stars are made up of hot gases. The Sun is a star. You might think the Sun is the biggest star. This is because the Sun is the closest star to Earth. 2 3
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Why We Need the Sun We need the Sun. The Sun is far from us. Plants and animals need the Sun too. This makes it look small. The Sun gives living things light and heat. The Sun is really much bigger than Earth. This is the Sun in space. 4 5
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What causes day and night? Spinning on an axis is called a rotation. Earth makes one full rotation each day. Look at the picture. You can see an imaginary line through Earth. This line is called an axis. Earth spins on its axis. Axis 6 7
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Earth’s rotation makes day and night. It is night when your side of Earth is facing It is day when your side of Earth is facing away from the Sun. the Sun. It takes 24 hours for Earth to rotate one time. 8 9
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The Sun in the Sky By noon, the Sun is high in the sky. The Sun seems to go up and down in the sky. The Sun looks low in the sky in the morning. Sunrise Noon 10 11
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At night, the Sun is low in the sky again. The Sun is always shining, but you cannot The Sun is not moving. always see it. It is Earth that is moving. Sunset 12 13
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What causes seasons It takes a year for Earth to move around to change? the Sun one time. The tilt of Earth and Earth’s orbit around Earth spins on its axis. the Sun make the seasons change. Earth’s axis is tilted. Earth also makes an orbit around the Sun. This means it moves in a path around In the spring the part of Earth where we live is starting to tilt toward the Sun. the Sun. spring summer winter In the summer the part In the winter the part of of Earth where we live Earth where we live is is tilted toward the Sun. titled away from the Sun. In the fall the part of Earth fall where we live is starting to tilt away from the Sun. 14 15
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What can you see in the night sky? Here is the Little Dipper. You can see stars in the night sky. The stars look small. Stars are far from us. People see pictures when they look at the stars. Here is the Big Dipper. A group of stars that look like a picture is called a constellation. This constellation is called Leo. 16 17
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The Moon You may see the Moon during the day. You can see the Moon at night. The Moon is big and bright. The Moon has hills and craters. A crater is a hole. A crater is shaped like a bowl. Big rocks from space hit the Moon and made craters. This is a crater. 18 19
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Why does the Moon change? The shape of the Moon seems to change. It may look round. The Moon moves in an orbit around Earth. It may look like half of a circle. The Moon orbits Earth while Earth orbits At times you cannot see the Moon. the Sun. The shape of the lighted part of the Moon is It takes four weeks for the Moon to go called a phase. around Earth. The Sun shines light on the Moon. You can only see the part of the Moon that is lit up. 20 21
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What is the solar system? The Sun is the center of the solar system. Eight planets orbit the Sun. Earth is a planet. Earth moves around the Sun. Look at the picture. Other planets move around the Sun. Can you find Earth? The Sun, the Moon, Earth, other planets, and their moons all make up the solar system. Sun Jupiter Mercury Saturn Venus Earth Mars Uranus Neptune 22 23
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GlossaryVocabulary What did you learn? axisaxis an imaginary line through the 1. What is the Sun made of? constellation center of Earth 2. What is Earth’s axis? craterconstellation a group of stars that form a 3. Earth’s rotation causes orbit picture night and day. Write to explain how this happens. craterphase a hole in the ground that is shaped like a bowl 4. Alike and Different Look at the rotation picture of the planets in our solar system. How orbitsolar system a path around another object are the planets alike? How are they different? phase the shape of the lighted part of the Moon rotation the spinning on an axis Illustrations:solar system6, 8, 15, 21, 22 Bob Kayganichthe planets and their moons and Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scottother objects that move around Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opening: ©Photodisc Green/Getty Images; Title Page: ©Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA; 2the Sun ©Roger Tidman/Corbis; 4 ©SOHO (ESA & NASA)/NASA; 10 ©John M. Roberts/Corbis; 11 ©Taxi/ Getty Images; 12 ©James Randklev-Visions of America/Corbis; 13 ©Royalty-Free/Corbis; 16 ©Roger Ressmeyer/Corbis; 17 ©Jerry Schad/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 18 (B) NASA Image Exchange, (TC) ©Stone/Getty Images; 20 ©John Sanford/Photo Researchers, Inc. ISBN 13: 978-0-328-34224-2; ISBN 10: 0-328-34224-6 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 24
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