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TEST 8 - GRADE 12 - 2026
Read the following advertisement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Smart Cities, Smarter Lives: The Urban Revolution
Welcome to the future of urban living! Smart cities (1)_________ the innovative and sustainable
transformation of traditional urban spaces. Smart cities, (2)_________ integrate cutting-edge technology
with sustainable infrastructure and citizen-centered design, are revolutionizing how we experience
urban life.
Technologies (3)_________ within our infrastructure monitor everything from traffic flow to energy
consumption in real time. These intelligent urban centers have systematically engineered biospheric
(4)_________ across multiple ecological dimensions through innovative waste management systems
and renewable energy integration.
As cities around the world face growing populations and environmental challenges, innovative urban
planners are (5)_________ to design more efficient and resilient communities. A (6)_________ of
tangible benefits awaits citizens in these reimagined spaces, from reduced commute times to improved
public services.
Join us in embracing this urban revolution where connectivity meets sustainability. Tomorrow's cities
are being built today—discover how you can be part of this exciting transformation.
Question 1:A. representative B. represent C. representation D. representational
Question 2:A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
Question 3:A. embedded B. have embedded C. was embedded D. embedding
Question 4:A. equilibration B. rejuvenation C. remediation D. revitalization
Question 5:A. coming up with B. getting down to C. stepping up D. looking forward to
Question 6:A. handful B. multitude C. majority D. abundance
Read of the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 7 to 12.
LEADERSHIP FAST-TRACK: 3-DAY INTENSIVE PROGRAM
Transform Your Leadership Potential!
Are you ready to elevate your professional profile? Our Leadership Fast-Track Program strategically
places you (7)_________ the helm of your career trajectory with powerful tools, innovative strategies,
and proven methodologies. Join us for an immersive experience where seasoned industry veterans will
confidently share their hard-earned expertise, (8)_________ eager participants will actively engage in
challenging practical simulations.
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Our distinguished global mentors will guide you through innovative leadership frameworks that
catalyze leadership (9)_________ in diverse organizational contexts and systematically foster long-term
professional resilience. The comprehensive management techniques we teach have helped countless
ambitious professionals expedite their career advancement in competitive industries, while
(10)_________ around them continue to struggle with outdated leadership models and limited
perspectives.
Our highly dedicated professional coaches with (11)_________ will provide detailed personalized
feedback throughout all interactive sessions and practical exercises. This transformative program will
thoroughly empower you to navigate (12)_________ transformation across multiple business functions
within your growing organization through practical, results-driven methodologies and strategic
implementation plans.
Program Highlights:
Interactive workshops
Networking opportunities
Real-world case studies
Personalized development plan
Certificate of completion
Dates: October 5-7, 2025
Location: Millennium Business Center
Investment: 1,995 (Early bird: 1,695)
Register today—limited to 30 participants!
Contact: leadership@fasttrack.com | 555-LEAD-NOW
Your journey to exceptional leadership begins here.
Question 7:A. at B. for C. to D. about
Question 8:A. but B. unless C. because D. and
Question 9:A. acumen B. competency C. aptitude D. proficiency
Question 10:A. another B. other C. others D. the others
Question 11:A. industry experience extensive B. extensive industry experience
C. experience industry extensive D. extensive experience industry
Question 12:A. disruptive B. revolutionary C. comprehensive D. paradigmatic
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or
sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions from 13 to 17.
Question 13:
a. Jamie: That's funny! My problem is different—my family thinks that because I'm home, I can do all the
housework while working.
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b. Alex: I love working from home, but my cat keeps jumping on my keyboard during important Zoom
meetings!
c. Alex: Maybe we need to set clear boundaries? I put a "Do Not Disturb" sign on my door, and it helps a
lot with both my cat and my roommates!
A. c-b-a B. a-b-c C. b-a-c D. b-c-a
Question 14:
a. Sam: I started using the new bike-sharing system in our city last week, and I think it's amazing because I
don't have to worry about parking my car downtown anymore.
b. Taylor: That sounds convenient, but I prefer taking the electric bus that was introduced last month since
it's faster when the weather is bad and I don't get sweaty before work.
c. Sam: You make a good point about the weather, though I've noticed that the city has built many covered
bike lanes that protect cyclists when it rains, and they've installed special lights for safety at night.
d. Taylor: I agree that the city is improving, but have you tried the new transportation app that shows all
the options, including buses, bikes, and walking routes, so you can choose the fastest way to get
anywhere?
e. Sam: I haven't downloaded it yet, but I will try it tomorrow because my brother told me that you can
save money if you combine different types of transportation, and I'm trying to reduce my monthly
expenses while helping the environment.
A. a-b-c-d-e B. a-d-e-b-c C. c-b-d-a-e D. d-e-c-a-b
Question 15:
Dear Maria,
a. The city offers many free activities in parks and libraries, which makes entertainment cheaper than I
expected.
b. When I compare my salary with my living costs, I realize that I can save more money here even though
prices are higher.
c. I moved to the big city last month because there are more job opportunities here than in our small
hometown.
d. If you visit me next month, I will show you around the city markets where products are cheaper than in
our village stores.
e. Although my apartment is expensive, I save money on transportation since I can walk to work every
day.
Your friend,
LK
A. e-d-c-a-b B. c-e-b-a-d C. a-c-b-e-d D. b-e-a-c-d
Question 16:
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a. If you want to succeed in interviews, you should prepare answers for common questions, but you should
also be yourself because most employers can tell when someone is not being honest.
b. Employers prefer candidates who smile and make eye contact, and they also like people who can tell
good stories about their past work experiences.
c. Interviewers often ask difficult questions to see how you react under pressure, so it's better to stay calm
and think before you answer.
d. When people go to job interviews, they often focus on their skills, but employers are also looking at
how candidates behave and speak.
e. First impressions are very important because interviewers usually make decisions in the first few
minutes, even though they continue asking questions for much longer.
A. b-c-e-d-a B. e-c-d-b-a C. c-b-d-e-a D. d-e-b-c-a
Question 17:
a. Good teams celebrate when they succeed, and they also talk about their mistakes because they know
that learning from failures will make them stronger for the next project.
b. When teams have clear goals that everyone understands, they can work together more effectively, but
they also need to know who is responsible for each part of the work.
c. Trust is a key element in successful teams, and members must feel safe to share their thoughts without
fear of being criticized or laughed at.
d. Clear communication is important because misunderstandings can cause problems, so team members
should ask questions when they don't understand something.
e. Teams work better when everyone shares ideas, and good teamwork happens when people listen to each
other carefully.
A. e-c-b-d-a B. e-c-d-a-b C. e-a-d-b-c D. e-d-c-b-a
Read the following passage about Nature's Place in Concrete Landscapes and mark the letter A, B, C
or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to
22.
In contemporary metropolitan environments, the integration of verdant sanctuaries amidst concrete
structures has become an indispensable component of sustainable urban planning. Had urban planners not
recognized the ecological significance of green spaces decades ago, our cities would now be facing far more
severe environmental degradation and public health crises. The psychological rejuvenation that natural
environments provide is scientifically proven; (18)_________.
The implementation of green infrastructure, which encompasses everything from rooftop gardens to
extensive urban forests, delivers numerous ecosystem services that benefit city dwellers. Urban heat islands,
characterized by significantly higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas, (19)_________;
consequently, energy consumption for cooling buildings decreases substantially. The notion that green
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spaces are merely aesthetic additions to cityscapes, rather than critical elements of urban functionality, has
been thoroughly debunked by environmental scientists and urban ecologists alike.
Citizens (20)_________ and mental well-being than those who lack such access. Research conducted
across multiple continents reveals that hospital patients whose windows overlook gardens or trees recover
more quickly than those who view only buildings or walls. Children growing up with access to play areas
interspersed with natural elements demonstrate enhanced cognitive development and social skills.
(21)_________, not merely concentrating them in affluent neighborhoods, remains a pressing
concern in contemporary urban development. As cities continue to expand vertically rather than
horizontally, innovative approaches such as vertical gardens, green roofs, (22)_________. Through
thoughtful design and community engagement, the concrete jungles of today can transform into biodiverse
urban ecosystems of tomorrow.
Question 18:
A. furthermore, economic policies affect global markets yet consumer behaviors being unpredictable
B. however, students passing exams without understanding the fundamental scientific principles
C. therefore, markets crashed investors lost millions during this financial crisis
D. moreover, these areas serve as essential refuges for urban biodiversity conservation
Question 19:
A. must be considered having established strong economic policies throughout developing nations
consistently
B. should recognize students whose achieving academic excellence through many educational support
systems
C. can be mitigated through the strategic placement of vegetation throughout urban environments
D. may decrease pollution which caused by industrial waste accumulates within natural water systems
Question 20:
A. consistently providing scientific evidence for climate change effects has gathered global attention since
decades
B. who regularly interact with natural environments within their neighborhoods tend to report higher levels
of overall satisfaction
C. whose research papers will published in prestigious academic journals often received international
recognition afterwards
D. students learning various languages through immersive techniques that improving their cultural
understanding
Question 21:
A. What urban planners should focusing on equitable distribution of green spaces across socioeconomic
boundaries
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B. That urban planners must prioritize equitable distribution of green spaces across socioeconomic
boundaries
C. Whether urban planners have prioritized equitable distribution of green spaces across socioeconomic
communities
D. Where urban planners must ensuring equitable distribution of green spaces across socioeconomic
boundaries
Question 22:
A. and pocket parks offer promising solutions for integrating nature into densely populated urban landscapes
B. but economic theories predict market trends financial analysts disagree with traditional growth
projections
C. although social media platforms changing communication patterns rapidly across different cultural
contexts
D. so medical research advances continuously, breakthrough treatments remains elusive for several chronic
conditions
Read the following passage about Making Decisions That Define Your Path and mark the letter A, B,
C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to
30.
At pivotal junctures in one's professional trajectory, individuals encounter momentous decisions that
can profoundly alter their career landscape. These inflection points necessitate a meticulous evaluation of
one's aspirations, competencies, and market dynamics. Research indicates that most professionals
experience significant career crossroads at least twice in their working lives. Navigating these critical
intersections requires a strategic amalgamation of self-assessment, industry foresight, and calculated risktaking.
When deliberating career-defining choices, one must scrutinize both extrinsic and intrinsic
motivational factors. The former encompasses remuneration packages, advancement prospects, and
organizational prestige, while the latter pertains to personal fulfillment, work-life equilibrium, and alignment
with core values. Pragmatic considerations such as geographical mobility and requisite skill acquisition
should not be overlooked. Furthermore, seeking counsel from mentors who have traversed similar paths can
illuminate unforeseen challenges.
Several methodological frameworks can facilitate this decision-making process. The cost-benefit
analysis approach quantifies tangible and intangible factors, assigning weighted values to each
criterion. Alternatively, scenario planning envisions multiple potential outcomes, enabling individuals to
anticipate various contingencies. Some professionals advocate for the "reversibility test"—evaluating
whether a decision can be undone if unfavorable results materialize. Regardless of the framework employed,
allowing sufficient time for contemplation is paramount to avoid impulsive choices.
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Once a direction is determined, implementing the decision demands perseverance and adaptability.
Establishing incremental milestones provides tangible benchmarks for progress evaluation. Inevitably,
unforeseen obstacles will emerge, necessitating tactical adjustments without abandoning strategic objectives.
This adaptability should not be misconstrued as wavering commitment but rather as practical resilience.
Successful career navigators recognize that the journey rarely follows a linear path; rather, it resembles a
series of calculated pivots in response to evolving circumstances and market conditions.
Question 23: According to the passage, which of the following factors is NOT MENTIONED as important
when making career decisions?
A. Geographical mobility
B. Market dynamics
C. Seeking counsel from mentors
D. Family considerations
Question 24: The word “momentous” in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.
A. formidable B. paramount C. inconsequential D. quintessential
Question 25: The word “remuneration” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by _________.
A. compensation B. validation C. accolade D. endorsement
Question 26: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A. The cost-benefit methodology converts qualitative considerations into numerical values to facilitate
objective comparison.
B. In cost-benefit analysis, both concrete and abstract elements are measured numerically, with different
levels of importance assigned to individual factors.
C. This analytical framework prioritizes measurable outcomes while accounting for subjective variables in
the evaluation process.
D. Cost-benefit approaches systematically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of potential decisions
through mathematical formulations.
Question 27: The word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to _________.
A. career navigation
B. strategic objective
C. practical resilience
D. the journey
Question 28: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Research suggests that professionals typically experience significant career crossroads at least twice
throughout their working lives.
B. The passage advocates prioritizing tangible career benefits over personal fulfillment when evaluating
potential professional opportunities.
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C. Scenario planning is presented as the most effective methodological framework for making consequential
career-related decisions.
D. Career trajectories generally progress in a predictable linear fashion despite occasional minor adjustments
to strategic objectives.
Question 29: In which paragraph does the writer mention the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic
motivation?
A. Paragraph 1 B. Paragraph 2 C. Paragraph 3 D. Paragraph 4
Question 30: In which paragraph does the writer mention various methodological frameworks that facilitate
career decision-making?
A. Paragraph 3 B. Paragraph 1 C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 2
Read the following passage about the Building Competence Systematically and mark the letter A, B, C
or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.
The systematic development of expertise requires a methodical approach akin to constructing a
building. When educators get wind of a student's potential in a particular field, they implement scaffolding
techniques—providing temporary supports that diminish as competence increases. This strategy, rooted in
Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development theory, facilitates acquiring complex skills through sequential
challenges. [I] Scaffolding's essence lies in its progressive nature: support mechanisms are calibrated to the
learner's evolving capabilities, ensuring optimal engagement without inducing frustration or complacency.
Contemporary pedagogical research validates this approach as paramount for fostering sustainable cognitive
growth.
Effective skill scaffolding encompasses several crucial components. Initially, modeling demonstrates
the target skill, providing an exemplar for emulation. Subsequently, guided practice allows learners to
attempt the skill with their instructor's intervention and feedback. [II] The instructor evolves from
demonstrator to facilitator, adjusting assistance to match the learner's growing autonomy while ensuring
challenges remain within productive struggle parameters. This nuanced transition requires perceptive insight
into individual learning trajectories and thresholds.
The architecture of skill scaffolding requires careful sequencing of objectives along a coherent
trajectory. Each new competency should build upon previously mastered skills, creating an interlocking
framework where prior knowledge underpins subsequent learning. Decomposition of complex tasks into
constituent sub-skills allows learners to master discrete components before integration. [III] This approach
mitigates cognitive overload—a significant barrier to skill acquisition—by distributing attentional resources
across manageable increments rather than overwhelming learners prematurely. Educational neuroscience
confirms that distributed practice enhances retention through multiple neural pathways.
The ultimate objective of scaffolding is transferring responsibility from instructor to learner,
culminating in self-regulated expertise. [IV] As supports are withdrawn, metacognitive strategies become
vital, enabling learners to monitor performance and self-correct without external intervention. This gradual
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release cultivates not only technical proficiency but also executive functions necessary for continued
growth. Successful scaffolding's hallmark is not merely acquiring isolated skills but developing adaptive
expertise—the capacity to apply knowledge flexibly across contexts and to self-scaffold when confronting
novel challenges. This transformation epitomizes the quintessential aim of sophisticated educational
methodologies worldwide.
Question 31: The phrase “get wind of” in paragraph 1 has the closest meaning to _________.
A. find out about B. look into C. come across D. put up with
Question 32: According to the passage, all of the following are components of effective scaffolding
EXCEPT.
A. Competitive peer comparison to motivate learners
B. Modeling of target skills for emulation
C. Decomposition of complex tasks into constituent sub-skills
D. Gradual transfer of responsibility from instructor to learner
Question 33: The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.
A. educators B. components C. learners D. skills
Question 34: Where in the paragraph does the following sentence best fit?
This phase bridges demonstration and independent application, cultivating knowledge while
maintaining a safety net.
A. [I] B. [II] C. [III] D. [IV]
Question 35: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
A. Educational neuroscience research demonstrates that retention is optimized through distributed practice
methodologies that engage multiple neural pathways during complex task acquisition.
B. Effective scaffolding requires sequencing skills progressively and breaking complex tasks into
manageable components to prevent cognitive overload and enhance learning retention.
C. The interlocking framework of educational objectives should prioritize instructor-led demonstrations
followed by independent practice to facilitate neural pathway development.
D. Learning trajectories must align with cognitive thresholds established through neuroscientific research
while maintaining productive struggle throughout the educational process.
Question 36: The word “interlocking” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.
A. congruous B. disparate C. reciprocal D. symbiotic
Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A. The progressive removal of support develops both practical skills and the cognitive abilities required for
ongoing developmental advancement.
B. The systematic implementation of assistance strategies enhances technical abilities while diminishing the
need for executive functioning in educational contexts.
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C. This methodical approach to skill acquisition prioritizes metacognitive strategies over technical
proficiency to ensure sustained educational achievement.
D. The incremental transition toward independence reinforces prior learning while minimizing the cognitive
demands placed upon developing learners.
Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Scaffolding techniques are most effective when implemented uniformly across different subject domains,
regardless of students' individual learning trajectories and cognitive thresholds.
B. Contemporary neuroscience research suggests that instructor involvement should gradually increase as
learners develop greater competence to prevent regression to previous skill levels.
C. Successful implementation of scaffolding techniques results in learners who can flexibly apply
knowledge across various contexts and independently address unfamiliar challenges.
D. The decomposition of complex tasks into constituent parts primarily serves to accelerate the learning
process rather than to mitigate cognitive overload during skill acquisition.
Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Educational environments that prioritize continuous instructor involvement throughout the entire learning
process lead to more technically proficient outcomes than scaffolded approaches.
B. The decomposition of complex tasks primarily benefits visual and kinesthetic learners, while those with
strong analytical abilities may find such incremental approaches unnecessarily restrictive.
C. Contemporary pedagogical research suggests that occasional episodes of significant cognitive overload
can accelerate skill acquisition when strategically integrated into learning sequences.
D. Students who experience well-implemented scaffolding are better equipped to transfer their knowledge
independently to unfamiliar contexts than those taught through fixed instructional methods.
Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A. Scaffolding is an educational approach that provides temporary, calibrated supports which gradually
diminish as learners develop competence, ultimately fostering independent, adaptive expertise through
structured skill development and metacognitive strategies.
B. Educational neuroscience confirms that distributed practice enhances retention through multiple neural
pathways, making scaffolding techniques essential for developing cognitive abilities and preventing
instructional regression in complex learning environments.
C. Contemporary pedagogical research emphasizes modeling and guided practice as the primary
mechanisms for skill acquisition, with instructor involvement gradually increasing as students encounter
increasingly complex challenges in their educational journey.
D. The Zone of Proximal Development theory provides a framework for decomposing complex educational
tasks into discrete components, allowing learners to master technical skills before developing the executive
functions necessary for self-regulated learning.
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