TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI KỸ THUẬT LẬP TRÌNH HỆ CƠ ĐIỆN TỬ Programming Engineering in Mechatronics Giảng viên: TS. Trương Công Tuấn Đơn vị: Bộ môn Cơ điện tử, Viện Cơ khí 1 Chapter III. Object-oriented programming in C++  Introduction to the object-oriented world  Classes and objects  Inheritance (derivation)  Polymorphism  Class templates 2 Chapter III. Object-oriented programming in C++  Introduction to the object-oriented world  Classes and objects  Inheritance (derivation)  Polymorphism  Class templates 3 Introduction to the object-oriented world  Basics  Basic principles  An object-oriented example code 4 Introduction to the object-oriented world  Basics  Class A class determines the abstract features of a thing (object), including its features (attributes, fields, properties) and its behaviour (what the thing can do, methods, operations and functions). We can say that a class is a scheme describing the nature of something: the class Truck has to contain the common properties of trucks (manufacturer, engine, brake system, maximum load etc.), as well as their specific behaviour, like braking, turning to left etc. Both the integrated properties and the methods of a class are called class members (data member and member function in C++). 5 Introduction to the object-oriented world  Basics  Object An object is a scheme (an example) of a class: the class Truck has the feature brake system, but the brake system of the object myCar can be an electronicallycontrolled one (EBS) or a simple air brake.  Instance The notion of instance (of a class) is synonymous with the notion of object. Instance means an actual object created at runtime: myCar is an instance of the class Truck. The set of the property values of the actual object is called the state of that object. 6 Introduction to the object-oriented world  Basics  Method Methods are responsible for the capabilities of objects: the methods of myCar: