Organizational Design (Module 8) (Thiết kế tổ chức) - EBS - Dr.Ahmed Radwan

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ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN This is a macro-level issue Organization design is a series of decisions made by the managers about the best organizational arrangements to achieve the goals in their strategic plans.

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ORGANIZATIONAL ANATOMY This is How managers put people together to co-ordinate their work and to achieve the organization’s goals. Organization’s structure resolves two basic tasks: 1. Dividing up the work in the organization 2. Ensuring the work gets done by providing coordination and control of work

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Mechanistic Organization Burns and Stalker have labeled organizations as either 1- Mechanistic organizations  High division of labour  Low delegation of authority  Departments with great uniformity of work activities  Narrow spans of control Organizations possess tight rules and policies and coordination which is formal and written.

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Organic Organization 2- Organic organizations  Less job specialization  Greater delegation  Low uniformity among employees in work units  Wide span of control

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Organic Organization 2- Organic organizations Employees in organic organizations: Have few rules and procedures to follow Expect face-to-face or informal coordination Expect to be empowered to create their own plans and schedule

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Organization StructureOrganization Structure  The formal pattern on interactions andThe formal pattern on interactions and coordination designed by management tocoordination designed by management to link the tasks of individuals and groups inlink the tasks of individuals and groups in achieving organizational goals.achieving organizational goals.  Organization chart:Organization chart: A line diagram thatA line diagram that depicts the broad outlines of andepicts the broad outlines of an organization’s structureorganization’s structure

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Organization StructureOrganization Structure  Chain of commandChain of command: The unbroken line of: The unbroken line of authority that ultimately links each individualauthority that ultimately links each individual with the top organizational position throughwith the top organizational position through a managerial position at each successivea managerial position at each successive layer in between.layer in between.

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ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN ASPECTS 1. DIVISION OF LABOR 2. DISTRIBUTION OF AUTHORITY 3. SPAN OF CONTROL 4. DEPARTMENTALIZATION

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ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN ISSUES 1. DIVISION OF LABOR 1. It is the degree of job specialization in a firm 2. It is the specific tasks and work methods which define an employee’s job. 3. Its aspects are: A. Specifying the type of work performed ( research scientist, production manager, computer programmer) B. The work methods or processes to be used (accounting, marketing, production)

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ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN ISSUES 1. DIVISION OF LABOR 4. is the primary source of increasing productivity as a result of specialization. 5. Output per employee increases as more employees performing related tasks are grouped together 6. Technological advances in communication and process control overcome coordination problems as work unit size increases. Such advances make it possible for one manager to supervise a large number of employees, even telecommuters.

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ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN ISSUES 1. DIVISION OF LABOR 7. Division of labour makes companies effective because managers break down jobs into subtasks at which employees develop expertise through repetition. 8. Companies capture efficiencies in production systems which can be transformed into lower cost per unit of output and sustainable competitive edge.

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ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN ISSUES 2. DISTRIBUTION OF AUTHORITY (Delegation) Delegation of authority is a manager’s decision about .how much authority to give to subordinate Authority is a legitimate right to give direct orders to teams or individuals. It flows to a manager from his position in hierarchy or chain of command Getting more authority can be a powerful motivator (intrinsic reward)

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Principles of delegation of authority 1. For each responsibility delegated to a team or subordinate, an equal amount of authority must be given. 2. All decisions should be delegated to the lowest organizational level possible. 3. Practice management by exception A manager only becomes involved when an exception to the work routine of the team or subordinate occurs.

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Principles of delegation of authority 2. DISTRIBUTION OF AUTHORITY (Delegation) 4. Managers should tell the teams or subordinates not only what to do but how to do it. 5. The subordinate’s responsibility to his superior is absolute, and superiors cannot escape responsibility for the performance of their subordinates. Managers are responsible for the work of their subordinates.

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ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN ISSUES 3. SPAN OF CONTROL The number of subordinates who report to a given manager. There is no agreement on the ideal span control Most experts note that span of control is influenced by the number and intensity of interpersonal relationships

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ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN ISSUES 3. SPAN OF CONTROL There are three factors affect a manager’s span of control: Required contact: frequent face to face contact: e.g. medical services & self directed team

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ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN ISSUES 3. SPAN OF CONTROL Degree of specialization: Modern computer based communication system makes employees performing complicated work from home and stay in instant contact with work colleague by being on line. In general, manager lower in the firm can have a wider span if her oversees many specialized employees doing the same thing

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ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN ISSUES 3. SPAN OF CONTROL Ability to communicate: Managers who can clearly and concisely convey company policies, procedures and work expectations to subordinates can manage a wider span of control.Geographic separation no longer means ineffective communication

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