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Facebook: @Dethivaonganhang www.facebook.com/dethivaonganhang Effective Brand Building A Case Study of McDonald’s Corporation www.ThiNganHang.com S Á C H – T À I L I Ệ U T H I T U Y Ể N Trang 1
Facebook: @Dethivaonganhang www.facebook.com/dethivaonganhang Effective Brand Building A Case Study of McDonald’s Corporation www.ThiNganHang.com S Á C H – T À I L I Ệ U T H I T U Y Ể N Trang 1
Abstract The changing world has encouraged big companies to create more personal connection with customers. In addition, the constant sustaining of this relationship is required. The concept which is used by the companies and prove to be successful is brand building. Even though companies establish the brand, not all of them are using it properly and make a good use of it. Maximum utility and using all aspects of the brand is the key to success. In order to do that, the knowledge about the brand is necessary. Thesis will present how to effectively build a strong brand by taking theoretical and practical perspective. At the beginning reader will be provided with various concepts in the field of branding. After that, the case of McDonald’s Corporation will be studied. Analysis of McDonald’s brand building process will help in understanding how this extraordinary brand was created. In the theoretical part there will be five main issues brought up. First various concepts of what a brand is and what are the function of the brand will be described . After gaining knowledge what a brand is, different approaches how to build a brand are presented. After that the idea of brand equity and valuable functions it perform of the brand is explained. The process of creation of brand equity is possible thanks to brand equity drivers. Different kind of drivers and function they carry out for brand equity are described. At the end of this chapter, after knowing the basic element of the brand, all is summarized by showing various models useful in assessing brand and its equity. All theories are useful in assessing and describing effective brand building process. The second part of the thesis focuses on McDonald’s. Analysis starts with brief presentation of some essential to the case facts. After that brand equity drivers of McDonald’s are described one by one, together with the function they perform for brand equity. Then the overview of McDonald’s struggle with the brand is presented in chronological order. Both of this sections show, that McDonald’s is a successful company thanks to proper brand management and constant control over its image. By implementing various elements company can be safe that even if one of them fail, there are others to compensate for it. Last section of practical use of branding knowledge present McDonald’s on Brand Asset Valuator Model and the financial value of the brand. Even though McDonald’s has a minor loss of brand equity values it stand for towards competition, the financial result are 2
many times better then the ones of competitors. After this summary the future of McDonald’s is speculated. Thesis shows it is important for companies to have a well thought our branding strategy and knowledge of brand building processes. Knowing role the brand performs and the process of brand building allow the company to control how it is assessed in consumers’ minds. Careful studying McDonald’s brand building process shows that the company knows how to deal with its brand and proper brand management is their competitive advantage. 3
Table of Contents 1. Introduction........................................................................................................................5 2. Theoretical background of brand building.........................................................................8 2.1. The Brand.......................................................................................................................8 2.1.1. What is the brand........................................................................................................9 2.1.2. Role of the brand........................................................................................................9 2.1.3. Extend of branding...................................................................................................12 2.2. Brand building..............................................................................................................12 2.2.1. Brand Building Theories..........................................................................................12 2.2.2. What is brand building for?......................................................................................17 2.3. Brand Equity ................................................................................................................18 2.3.1. What is brand equity?...............................................................................................18 2.3.2. Brand equity theory (elements of brand equity and their function) .........................19 2.3.3. Brand equity drivers (building brand equity)...........................................................22 2.4. Brand life cycle, expansion and position on the market. .............................................28 2.4.1. Product/Brand life cycle...........................................................................................29 2.4.2. Brand Growth Direction Matrix...............................................................................30 2.4.3. Brand Asset Valuator. ..............................................................................................33 3. McDonald’s strategy for building a successful brand......................................................35 3.1. Historical background of McDonald’s Corporation.....................................................36 3.2. McDonald’s Brand Equity drivers. ..............................................................................38 3.2.1. McDonald’s Brand Elements. ..................................................................................38 3.2.2. McDonald’s marketing activities related to brand building.....................................40 3.3. Historical developments in McDonald’s brand building. ............................................46 3.4. Perspectives for McDonald’s. ......................................................................................49 4. Conclusion........................................................................................................................53 Bibliography.............................................................................................................................55 4
1. Introduction. The world has changed thoroughly in last few decades, especially because of the impact of globalization. Frequent migration of individuals, the tremendous acceleration of information exchanges as well as the enhanced geographical expansion and trade of goods and services, have transformed the economic and social environment in many ways. Doing business is not the same as forty, fifty years ago. Companies have to adapt to the changing world in order to survive or keep the position on the market. These changes are especially profound for fast-food sector. Looking at the market leader provides good understanding of this process. And where should we look for this leader if not in the United States, the market where fast-food become part of national culture. There are many outstanding fast-food providers in the USA, but one of them is beyond the competition, McDonald’s Corporation (McDonald’s). It is difficult to find a person who will not know basic information about the Golden Arches. But how it is possible? What happened, that children when hear this magic word, instantly know what stands behind it? The interesting problem of McDonald’s brand will be researched at in this thesis. Problem Statement The main goals of the thesis are to explain what is a brand, and by applying this knowledge to McDonald’s Corporation, the answer to the question why has McDonald’s been a successful brand, will ne given. The goal is also to describe brand building strategy in order to get understanding why having a strong brand is important for the company. The paper is written from marketing perspective. Market of fast-food is changing together with the world, and despite many attacks McDonald’s was able to come out of the various situations unharmed. This was possible because of the strong brand it has. Using the case of McDonald’s the thesis describes what a strong brand is. What is the role of the brand? How does the process of brand building looks like? What is brand equity and what are brand equity elements? The thesis focuses on getting fair view of how to build and keep the strong brand alive, and how to create, maintain and defend its position in consumer minds. 5
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