Chapter 2. Digital Image Fundamentals 1. Image Sensing and Acquisition 2. Image Sampling and Quantization 3. Some Basic Relationships Between Pixels 4. Basic Mathematical Tools Used in Digital Image Processing 2 1. Image Sensing and Acquisition ❖Image Sensing and Acquisition (a) Single sensing element (b) Line sensor (c) Array sensor Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, “Digital image processing,” Pearson (2018). 3 1. Image Sensing and Acquisition ❖Image Acquisition Using a Single Sensing Element Combining a single sensing element with mechanical motion to generate a 2-D image. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, “Digital image processing,” Pearson (2018). 4 1. Image Sensing and Acquisition ❖Image Acquisition Using Sensor Strips (a) Image acquisition using a linear sensor strip Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, “Digital image processing,” Pearson (2018). (b) Image acquisition using a circular sensor strip 5 1. Image Sensing and Acquisition ❖Image Acquisition Using Sensor Arrays An example of digital image acquisition. (a) Illumination (energy) source. (b) A scene. (c) Imaging system. (d) Projection of the scene onto the image plane. (e) Digitized image. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, “Digital image processing,” Pearson (2018). 6 1. Image Sensing and Acquisition ❖A Simple Image Formation Model ➢ We denote images by two-dimensional functions of the form f(x, y) f(x, y) = i(x, y) r(x, y) i(x, y): the amount of source illumination incident on the scene being viewed r(x, y): the amount of illumination reflected by the objects in the scene Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, “Digital image processing,” Pearson (2018). 7 Chapter 2. Digital Image Fundamentals 1. Image Sensing and Acquisition 2. Image Sampling and Quantization 3. Some Basic Relationships Between Pixels 4. Basic Mathematical Tools Used in Digital Image Processing 8 2. Image Sampling and Quantization ❖Basic Concepts in Sampling and Quantization ➢ Digitizing the co