TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI KỸ THUẬT LẬP TRÌNH HỆ CƠ ĐIỆN TỬ Programming Engineering in Mechatronics Giảng viên: TS. Trương Công Tuấn Đơn vị: Bộ môn Cơ điện tử, Viện Cơ khí 1 Chapter II. Modular programming in C++ • Structured programming relies on top-down design, which consists of dividing programming tasks into smaller units until program blocks easy to handle and to test are achieved. In C and C++ languages, the smallest structural unit having independent functionality is called function . If functions or a group of functions belonging together are put in a separate module (source file), modular programming is realised. Modules can be compiled and tested separately, and they can be imported into other projects as well. The contents of modules (compiled or source code version) can be made available for other modules by interfaces (header files in C/C++). And certain parts of these modules are hidden from the outside (data hiding). Structural programming also contributes to creating new programs from achieved modules (components) by bottom-up design. The next parts aim at introducing our readers into modular and procedural programming in C++. Procedural programming means solving a task by subprograms (functions) that are more or less independent from one another. These subprograms call one another directly or indirectly from the main program (main()) and communicate with each other by parameters. Procedural programming can be well combined with structural and modular programming. 2 Chapter II. Modular programming in C++  The basics of functions  How to use functions on a more professional level?  Namespaces and storage classes  Preprocessor directives of C++ 3 Chapter II. Modular programming in C++  The basics of functions  How to use functions on a more professional level?  Namespaces and storage classes  Preprocessor directives of C++ 4 The basics of functions  Defining, calling and declaring functions  The return value of functio