Life ScienceLife Science by Bobbie Nydenby Bobbie Nyden GenreGenre Comprehension SkillComprehension Skill Text FeaturesText Features Science ContentScience Content Nonfi ctionNonfi ction Main Idea and DetailsMain Idea and Details • Captions• Captions EcosystemsEcosystems • Labels• Labels • Glossary• Glossary Scott Foresman Science 3.3Scott Foresman Science 3.3 ì<(sk$m)=bdibec<ì<(sk$m)=bdibec<ISBNISBN 0-328-13814-20-328-13814-2 +^-Ä-U-Ä-U+^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Vocabulary What did you learn?Where Plants and community 1. What do animals need from their habitat?Animals Live desert 2. How do the plants in the grassland get water? ecosystem 3. Which kinds of forests have trees that drop theirby Bobbie Nyden environment leaves? grassland 4. In this book you have read about what happens to coyote populations population when it rains a lot in Southern California. Write tundra to explain why there could be more coyotes when it rains, using what you have read. wetland 5. Main Idea and Details What main idea did you learn about the tundra? What other details did you learn about the tundra? Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Title Page: ©The Image Bank/Getty Images; 6 ©DK Images 8 (Bkgd) ©George Grall/NGS Image Collection, (BR) ©Danny Lehman/Corbis; 9 ©Robert Pickett/Corbis; 12 (T, CL) ©DK Images, (BL) ©Breck P. Kent/Animals Animals/Earth Scenes; 13 (TR) ©Carolina Biological Supply Company/Phototake, (BR) ©Randy M. Ury/Corbis; 14 ©Frans Lanting/Minden Pictures; 15 (TR) ©Kevin Schafer/Corbis, (CR) ©Gary W. Carter/Corbis, (BR) ©DK Images; 16 (CL) ©Rolf Kopfle/Bruce Coleman Inc., (CR) ©Michael Quinton/ Minden Pictures, (BR) ©The Image Bank/Getty Images; 17 (T) ©Suzanne L. & Joseph T. Collins/Photo Researchers, Inc., (BL) ©Tim Laman/NGS Image Collection, (BL) ©E. R. Degginger/Bruce Coleman Inc.; 18 ©Jeff L. Lepore/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 19 ©Gerry Ellis/Minden Pictures; 21 ©James L. Amos/Photo Researchers, Inc. ISBN: 0-328-13814-2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
What are ecosystems? Climate is also important for an environment. Climate is the weather a place has over many years. Places for Living Things Different environments have different climates. Climate affects an environment’s water and soil. A living thing needs just the right environment. An Water and soil affect the plants in an environment. environment is everything around a living thing. Plants need certain kinds of water and soil to live. Plants and animals are living things. They need sunlight, water, and soil. They also need the right kind of weather. Sunshine warms the environment. It helps plants make their own food. 2 3
Parts of an Ecosystem Special Homes Plants and animals get what they need from where Plants and animals both need a place to live. This they live. They interact with nonliving things in an place is their habitat. They get what they need from ecosystem. The parts of an ecosystem work together. their habitat. Plants get light, air, water, pollinators, Redwood trees grow in a coastal and space to grow. Animals get food, water, and a ecosystem. Rain and fog from space to live and grow. the ocean give them water. If a part of a habitat is missing, the plants and The parts of this animals can’t live there. They might not get what ecosystem need each they need to live. They might have to move to a other. Some birds new place. find fish to eat in the ocean. Then they fly to the redwood trees to make nests. These trees are part of a coastal ecosystem. Dune grass grows in a habitat with sand. 4 5
Groups Within Ecosystems Ecosystems Change Living things of one kind that live in the same Sometimes ecosystems change. First, one part of the place at the same time are a population. Southern ecosystem changes. This causes other parts to change. California has many coyote populations. They live on If it rains a lot in Southern California, plants will brushy hillsides. grow more. Squirrels have more Squirrels live on the hillsides too. Coyotes hunt food to eat. The squirrel the squirrels. The coyotes, squirrels, and other living population increases. things in the ecosystem make up a community. More squirrels mean more food for coyotes. The coyote population increases too. Squirrels and coyotes are part of the community in this hillside ecosystem. These two coyotes are part of a population. 6 7
Which ecosystems have Grassland plants have long roots. They can get water that soaks deep into the soil. Winter frost kills few trees? plant leaves. Roots store food to grow new leaves in spring. Grazing and fire kill leaves too. New leaves Grassland grow from the roots. Some places on Earth are warmer than other places. Some grasslands get more rain than others. Tall These places have less rain and fewer trees. Such grasses grow there. Short grasses grow where there is places are called grasslands. less rainfall. A grassland is a land ecosystem. It has many grasses and plants with flowers. Grasslands have cool or cold winters and hot summers. The summers are often dry. Grassland soil is also dry. It is too dry for trees to grow there. How much rain do you think this grassland gets? 8 9
Desert—A Surprising Ecosystem Many desert animals hide during the hot day. Some A desert is a place that gets little rain. During the stay in tunnels under the ground. Others rest under day, it is usually very hot. At night it is cool or even plants. Desert animals go looking for food at night, cold. Plants and animals that don’t need much rain when it’s cool. Snakes find and eat small animals. live there. Cactus plants can live in the desert. They Bobcats hunt for birds and small animals to eat. store water in their stems. Desert bobcat This desert is very dry. Sidewinder rattlesnake 10 11
Tundra—Land of Long Winters Trees can’t grow in the tundra. Their roots can’t The tundra is a place that is very cold and dry. It is grow in the frozen soil. Small plants, such as grasses near the North Pole. Tundra winters are long and cold. and wildflowers, can grow there. Tundra summers are short and cool. Tundra soil stays The snow melts during the tundra summer. It frozen underground all year. forms ponds. Birds make nests near the ponds. In the Summer days in the tundra are very summer they find insects to eat. Most tundra birds fly long. The Sun shines twenty-four to warmer places in the winter. hours a day on some parts of the tundra during summer. Winter Why can’t trees grow days in the tundra are very short. in the tundra? In some places, the Sun doesn’t shine at all in the winter. A group of wolves is called a pack. Wolves hunt in the tundra in packs. A group of caribou is called a herd. The herd stays together in the tundra. 12 13
What are some Deciduous forests grow where there are rainy summers and snowy winters. Oak and maple trees forest ecosystems? are deciduous. Deciduous trees drop their leaves in the fall. Coniferous and Deciduous Forests More sunlight reaches down through deciduous Coniferous forests grow where the winters are cold forests. That allows plants to grow. Many animals and snowy. Coniferous trees have leaves like needles. can live in a deciduous forest. Insects and birds live Spruce and pine trees are coniferous trees. in the plants and trees. Most plants can’t grow under conifer trees. Some animals can live under conifer trees. They can find food and shelter in the coniferous forest. North American coniferous forest North American deciduous forest 14 15
Tropical Forests Birds and insects live in tropical forests. There are Tropical forests grow where it is warm all the time. many different tropical forest insects. There are so These forests get lots of rain. Many tall trees grow in many that we haven’t named them all! tropical forests. Little sunlight reaches the gound in Tropical forests are full of amazing animals. One tropical forests. Many plants grow on the tall trees so tropical forest in Brazil has beetles that don’t live they can get sunlight. Most of the animals live in the anywhere else. Some tropical forest spiders are big trees too. enough to eat birds! These animals live in tropical forests. Tropical forests are home to lots of animals. Rainbow lorikeet Red stinkbugs 16 17
What are water ecosystems? A wetland is low land that is covered with water. The water is there most of the year. But it is not very Freshwater Ecosystems deep. Trees, grasses, and plants live in a wetland. Some of the animals that live there are fish, bears, Places that have fresh water include lakes, ponds, and birds. rivers, and streams. Lakes and ponds have land all around them. In rivers and streams the water moves. Some of these places get fresh water from under the ground. Other places get water from rain or snow. Many plants and animals live in places with fresh water. Alligator These animals live in wetlands. Manatees eat the plants that grow there. Alligators eat the fish and birds that live there. Manatee 18 19
Saltwater Ecosystems Many rivers flow into the ocean. Fresh river water Oceans contain salt water. Oceans are shallow near mixes with salty ocean water. When this happens, a the land. Clams, crabs, and fish all live near the shore. salt marsh can form. The water gets deeper as you move away from land. A salt marsh is a kind of wetland. Special plants Fish, shrimp, and whales live in deeper water. Water and animals live in a salt marsh. They can live in far below the surface is dark and cold. No plants and water and soil that has salt. Many fish, crabs, and few animals can live there. other animals are born in salt marshes. Do you think these animals are found in deep or shallow water? Cuttlefish Coral reefCoral reef 2020 21
Our Earth has many different ecosystems. Ecosystems give us and other living things Ecosystems are always changing. Ecosystems change everything needed to live! Without ecosystems, when the climate changes. They change when there could not be life. animals move out of them or into them. They change in many ways. 22 23
VocabularyGlossary What did you learn? communitycommunity all of the different groups of living 1. What do animals need from their habitat? desert things found in one place 2. How do the plants in the grassland get water? ecosystemdesert a place that gets very little water 3. Which kinds of forests have trees that drop their environmentecosystem all of the living and nonliving things leaves? interacting in an environment grassland 4. In this book you have environment everything surrounding a living read about what happens to coyote populations population thing when it rains a lot in Southern California. Write tundra to explain why there could be more coyotes when grassland a place with lots of grasses and it rains, using what you have read. wetland few trees population living things of the same kind living 5. Main Idea and Details What main idea did you learn about the tundra? What other in one place details did you learn about the tundra? tundra a flat, treeless place that is very cold Photographs: Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to itsand dry attention in subsequent editions. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Title Page: ©The Image Bank/Getty Images; 6 ©DK Images 8 (Bkgd) ©George Grall/NGS Imagewetland a place that is covered in shallow Collection, (BR) ©Danny Lehman/Corbis; 9 ©Robert Pickett/Corbis; 12 (T, CL) ©DK Images, (BL) ©Breck P. Kent/Animals Animals/Earth Scenes; 13 (TR) ©Carolina Biological Supply Company/Phototake, (BR) ©Randy M. Ury/Corbis; 14 ©Frans Lanting/Minden Pictures; 15 (TR) ©Kevin Schafer/Corbis, (CR) ©Garywater for most of the year W. Carter/Corbis, (BR) ©DK Images; 16 (CL) ©Rolf Kopfle/Bruce Coleman Inc., (CR) ©Michael Quinton/ Minden Pictures, (BR) ©The Image Bank/Getty Images; 17 (T) ©Suzanne L. & Joseph T. Collins/Photo Researchers, Inc., (BL) ©Tim Laman/NGS Image Collection, (BL) ©E. R. Degginger/Bruce Coleman Inc.; 18 ©Jeff L. Lepore/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 19 ©Gerry Ellis/Minden Pictures; 21 ©James L. Amos/Photo Researchers, Inc. ISBN: 0-328-13814-2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 24
最初の14ページを表示しています。全文を見るには資料をダウンロードしてください。
まだコメントはありません。最初のコメントを書きましょう！
コメント (0)
まだコメントはありません。最初のコメントを書きましょう！