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SPSS Data Analysis Drowning in Data 22nd April 2014 ROSLE MOHIDIN Senior Lecturer School Of Business & Economics, UMS 1
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Presentation Outline ◼ SPSS Environment -Review of SPSS Basics – SPSS interface: data view and variable view – How to enter data in SPSS – How to clean and edit data – How to transform variables – How to sort and select cases – How to get descriptive statistics ◼ Inferential Statistics in SPSS – Independent t-test – Regression 3 3
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Features of SPSS ◼ Originally developed for the people in Social Science Areas, therefore, no heavy programming background required ◼ Designed as User Friendly and has Pull Down Menus to Execute Statistical Commands ◼ Ability to do Data Management & Manipulations ◼ Ability to Store Programs & Produce Reports/Graphs 4
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SPSS Program Flow Outside Data Source SPSS Data Data Modification/ Data Analysis File Transformation Raw Data Pull-Down Menu OR Syntax Menu (Data Steps) (Analysis Steps) 5
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An Example of Research use SPSS a tool of Data analysis ◼ Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS, CDC) – YRBSS monitors priority health-risk behaviors and the prevalence of obesity and asthma among youth and young adults. – The target population is high school students – Multiple health behaviors include drinking, smoking, exercise, eating habits, etc. 6 6
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◼Data view – The place to enter data – Columns: variables – Rows: records ◼Variable view – The place to enter variables – List of all variables – Characteristics of all variables 7 7
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◼You need a Questionnaire/code book/scoring guide ◼You give ID number for each case (NOT real identification numbers of your subjects) if you use paper survey. ◼If you use online survey, you need something to identify your cases. ◼You also can use Excel to do data entry. 8 8
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Data View Window - Data Entry Site (Columns=Variables, Rows=Cases) Help Menu Pull-down Menu bar Tool bar Information bar Title bar Variable Names Data View window Active cell Action bar 9
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Variable View Window Data Definition Site 64 Characters Max, No Numeric, space String, & Length Between Others Beg letter, # of Decimals Variable @, #, or $ Description Value Code Description Missing Click here to see this view value Description 10
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1. Click Variable View 2. Type variable name under 4. Description Name column (e.g. Q01). 2. Type of variable NOTE: Variable name can be 64 variable name bytes long, and the first 3. Type: character must be a letter or numeric or string one of the characters @, #, or $. 3. Type: Numeric, string, etc. 4. Label: description of variables. 1. Click this Window 11 11
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1. Two variables in the data set. 2. They are: Code and Q01. 3. Code is an ID variable, used to identify individual case (NOT people’s real IDs). 4. Q01 is about participants’ ages: 1 = 12 years or younger, 2 = 13 years, 3 = 14 years… Under Data View 13 13
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Cleaning the Data ◼Key in values and labels for each variable ◼Run frequency for each variable ◼Check outputs to see if you have variables with wrong values. ◼Check missing values and Questionnaire if you use surveys, and make sure they are real missing. ◼Sometimes, you need to recode string variables into numeric variables 15 15
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Before we see OK VS. Paste buttons Examples… <Output File> 1. OK - results/action will be executed 16
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◼Descriptive statistics – Purposes: 1.Find wrong entries 2.Have basic knowledge about the sample and targeted variables in a study 3.Summarize data Analyze Descriptive statistics Frequency 18 18
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