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Beaver Town Mr. Onnie Mr. Anderson Mrs. Anderson Mrs. Onnie Shawn Benny Joanna Penny Mr. Taylor Mr. Harris Mrs. Harris Mrs. Taylor Mrs. Lee Mr. Lee Doris Gordon Flora Mr. Moss Mr. Miller Mrs. Moss Mrs. Miller Alice Luc Owen Michelle
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EXCEL16 Table of contents Unit 1. Adjective Clause I 04 Unit 2. Adjective Clause II 10 Unit 3. Adverb Clause 16 Work out 1 22 Unit 4. Reduction of Adverb Clauses to 26 Modifying Adverbial Phrases Unit 5. Connectives that Express Cause 32 and Effect, Contrast and Condition Unit 6. Phrasal Verbs 38 Work out 2 42 Unit 7. Expressing Necessity 44 Unit 8. Writing Letters & Postcards 50 Work out 3 54
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U nit 1 Adjective Clause I Let’s Learn! Adjective clauses modifies nouns * It describes or gives information about a noun. adjective + noun I met a famous girl. U5-P17 noun + adjective clause I met a girl. who is a famous singer. Ex. I talked to a woman. + She was sitting next to me. = I talked to a woman who was sitting next to me. Who vs Whom 1 You use who when you are referring to the subject of a clause or the object of a clause. 4
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Unit 1 Ex. Adjective Clause I The man who lives next door is a dentist. The man lives next door. who (= the man) is the subject. The woman who I wanted to see took her car outside. I wanted to see the woman who (= the woman) is the object. 2 You use Whom when you are referring to the object of a clause. whom is possible instead of who when it is the object of the verb in the adjective clause. Ex. The girl whom I met at a restaurant could speak Spanish fluently. I met the girl * But whom is not often used in spoken English. We usually prefer who or that, or nothing. ● More Info : GB17-14 GB17-13 When who/that/which is the object, you can leave it out. Ex. Have you found the books you lost? = Have you found the books that you lost? The lady I met at the store was away. = The lady who I met at the store was away. The dress I bought had a hole. = The dress which I bought had a hole. 5
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Let’s Practice Read and change the sentences using who. [Example] Owen is a student. He is very punctual. Owen is a student who is very punctual. 1 I talked to a guy. He is funny. 2 Gordon saw a girl. She lives down the street. Choose the correct words. 1 I met a beautiful girl. - I met a girl who is really ____________ . (A) beautiful (B) beauty (C) famous 2 I read a poem. It was romantic - I read a poem which was ____________ . (A) romantic (B) poetic (C) poet 3 She talks to a handsome magician. - She talked to a magician ____________ is handsome. (A) what (B) where (C) who 6
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GB17-13GB17-13 G Unit 1 Adjective Clause I 4 Gordon writes to a friend. + He lives in Chicago. - Gordon ____________ to a friend who ____________ in Chicago. (A) lives, write (B) writes, lives (C) talk, lives 5 Joanna sings to a bird. + It listens very carefully. - Joanna sings to a bird ____________ listens very carefully. (A) what (B) where (C) which Use who or whom to put the sentences together. [Example] a) Do you know the people? b) They live in the house with an orange roof. Do you know the people who live in the house with an orange roof? 1 a) The woman gave me some information. b) I called her. 2 a) The police officer was friendly. b) She gave me directions 7
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Try More Use who or whom to put the sentences together. [Example] a) The people were very nice. b) I met them at the party last night. The people whom I met at the party last night were very nice. 1 a) The people have three cats. b) They live next to me. 2 a) The man talked a lot. b) I met him on the plane. 3 a) The man talked a lot. b) He sat next to me. 4 a) Three fairies walked into my room. b) I don't know them 5 a) I talked to the girls. b) They walked into my classroom. 8
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Unit 1 Adjective Clause I Complete the sentences with correct words. 1 The children __________ live down the street in the yellow house are always polite. (A) which (B) who (C) what 2 The people __________ we visited gave us tea and some light snacks. (A) whom (B) which (C) what 3 I know some people __________ live on a boat. (A) whom (B) what (C) who 4 My mother is a person __________ I admire tremendously. (A) whose (B) whom (C) what Oral practice Change the sentences using adjective clauses and talk to your classmates. [Example] I met a handsome guy. I met a guy who is very handsome. 1 I met a beautiful girl. 2 I talked to a new student. + He lives in Hong Kong. 3 She saw a famous actress. 4 I sing to a boy. + He likes music. 5 I wrote to my pen pal. + She likes skiing. 6 I called my friend. + She likes cooking. 9
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U nit 2 U2-P5 Adjective U1-P4 Clause II s U3-P9 Let’Learn! Using which in an adjective clause ● - 'which' refers to things. U3-P11 The party is fun. + It begins at 8:00 p.m. which which begins at 8:00 p.m. = The party which begins at 8:00 p.m. is fun. U5-P17 Ex. The book was expensive. / I bought a book at the bookstore. The book which I bought at the bookstore was expensive. 10
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Unit 2 Using whose in adjective clauses Adjective Clause II ● - 'whose' shows possession. The man called the police. + His car was missing. whose car was missing. = The man whose car was missing. called the police. Ex. The father is happy. / His daughter is a super star. The father whose daughter is a super star is happy. The girl was nice. + I borrowed her book. whose book = The man whose book I borrowed was nice. Ex. This man was nice. / We bought his car. The man whose car I bought was nice. 11
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Let’s Practice Use which to put the sentences together. [Example] a) I jogged around the lake. b) The lake is close to my house. I jogged around the lake which is close to my house. 1 a) The pill made me sleepy. b) I took it. 2 a) I have a class. b) It begins at 8:00 a.m. 3 a) The cake was too sweet. b) I had it for a snack. Put the word which in the correct places. [Example] (that) A hammer is a tool which is used to pound nails. 1 (which) This puzzle is a problem is difficult to solve. 1 2 (which) Steam is a gas forms when water boils. 2 3 (which) Where can I catch the bus goes downtown? 3 4 4 (which) The information I found onthe internet helped me a lot. 12
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Unit 2 Adjective Clause II Complete the sentences with the correct words. 1 The book _____________ I bought was expensive. (A) who (B) which (C) whom 2 The river which _____________ through the town is polluted. (A) flow (B) flows (C) flowed 3 The dress which she _____________ was very pretty. (A) buys (B) buying (C) bought 13
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Try More Use which to put the sentences together. GB17-17 [Example] a) There is a man. b) His car was stolen. There is a man whose car was stolen. 1 a) There is a woman. b) Her cat got sick. 2 a) Over there is the guy. b) His sister is in my class. 3 a) That is the man. b) His daughter is an astronaut. 8 Complete the sentences using which or whose. 1 1 The chair _______________ I am sitting on is hard. 2 The movie _______________ we went to was interesting. 3 I know a girl _______________ cousin is a movie star.2 4 The picture _______________ Tom is looking at is beautiful. 4 GB17-17 5 Doris has a friend _______________ cat was missing. 6 The woman _______________ purse was stolen called the police. 5 6 3 14
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Unit 2 Adjective Clause II Oral practice [Example] A : The people were very kind. I stayed at their house. B : The people whose house I stayed at were very kind. 1 The man called the police. His car was stolen. 2 The woman was sad. Her cat died. 3 The man is friendly. His cat is pretty. 4 People were very nice. I visited their house. 5 The man is very proud. His daughter is a movie star. 15
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U nit 3 Adverb Clause Let’s Learn! Using adverb clauses to show cause and effect now that Now that my work is finished, now that I'm going to go shopping. = because now Since your mother since will be back soon, since = because you'd better finish your homework first. Expressing with because or even though because Because it's raining now, Because ; I can't go out. due to the fact that Even though Even though ; even though it's raining now, in spite of the fact that ; I'm going out. although 16
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Unit 3 Showing direct contrast Adverb Clause while I am happy, while Shawn is sad. Tom is working, while = whereas whereas Gordon is sleeping. Whereas is whereas = Whereas Gordon is sleeping, used in formal Tom is working. written English. ● A comma is usually used even if the adverb clause comes second. Expressing conditions in adverb clauses : if-clauses If it rains, we can't fly a kite. If it rains, we will not go on a picnic. An if-clause is always in a present tense even if the event will happen in the future. Words that introduce adverb clauses of condition if even if in the event that in case unless only if 17
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Let’s Practice Use the conjunctions to make one sentence. [Example] He was hungry. He didn't bring his lunch box. (since) He was hungry since he didn't bring his lunch box. 1 He was thirsty. He drank some water. (because) 2 It's raining outside. We'll stay inside. (since) 3 The battery was dead. My car didn't start. (because) 4 The children are sleeping. Mom is going to watch TV. (because) 18
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Unit 3 Adverb Clause Read and circle the correct adverb clause. 1 Because / Even though I was hungry, I did not eat. 2 Since / Even though Jack never showed up for work on time, he lost his job. 3 Because / Even though the weather is cold, Gordon isn't wearing a coat. Rewrite the sentences to start with whereas. [Example] I am sleeping in the tent, whereas my mother is cooking for us. Whereas my mother is cooking for us, I am sleeping in the tent. 1 Shawn is taking a shower, whereas Joanna is watching TV. 2 Penny was doing her homework, whereas Benny was playing in the yard. 19
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Try More Add punctuation marks to correct each sentence. [Example] Jimmy is very young since he is afraid of the dark he likes to have a light on in his bedroom at night. Jimmy is very young. Since he is afraid of the dark, he likes to have a light on in his bedroom at night. 1 Mr. Moss had a bad cold since he was not feeling well he stayed home from the office. p27 憂鬱 p16 去雪拼 2 even though I was really tired I didn't go to bed until after midnight. p24 暴風雨來了 3 if it isn't cold tomorrow we'll go to the beach. 4 while I drank a cup of tea yesterday my neighbor was busy trimming grass, so I offered her a cup of tea too. p11 下雨了，要撐傘 20
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