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Credits Cover: Front Cover: Steve Bloom Images/Alamy; Fritz Gary Meszaros/Getty Images; (br) Konrad Wothe/Minden Poelking/Elvele Images/Alamy; (bkgd) Keren Su/China Pictures. 37: (all photos) imagebroker/Alamy. 38: (bc) Fritz Span/Alamy. Polking; Frank Lane Picture Agency/Corbis. 39: (tr) Image llustration Credits: All illustrations are by Macmillan/ Source/PunchStock; (c) B. Runk/S. Schoenberger/Grant McGraw-Hill except as noted below: Heilman Photography. 40-41: (bc) Patrick Gnan. 45: (c) Royalty-Free/Corbis, Comstock Images/Alamy, Terry 11: (tl) Bob Masheris. 13: (all illustrations) Sam Tomasello. 27: Qing/Getty Images, J. Luke/Photolink/Getty Images, (cr) Patrick Gnan. 40-41: (bc) Patrick Gnan. 59: (c) Left Lane Don Farrall/Getty Images. 46: (bl) George D. Lepp/Photo Productions/Corbis. 70: (bl) Jean Wisenbaugh. 71: (tl) Jean Researchers, Inc.; (br) Royalty Free/Corbis. 47: (tl) Robert Wisenbaugh. 77: (cl) Sam Tomasello. 92: (c) Sam Tomasello. Brenner/Photo Edit; (tr) Rob Casey/Getty Images. 48: Photography Credits: All photographs are by Ken (bl) Comstock Images/Alamy; (br) Flynn Larsen/zefa/ Cavanagh or Ken Karp for Macmillan/McGraw-Hill Corbis. 49: (c) Terry Qing/Getty Images. 50: (bc) Royalty- (MMH) except as noted below: Free/Corbis. 51: (c) J. Luke/Photolink/Getty Images. 53: 1: (cl) Royalty-Free/CORBIS; (cl) John Kaprielian/Photo (tr) Altrendo Images/Getty Images. 54: (c) Taxi/Getty Researchers, Inc. 2: (c) Ruth A. Adams/Index Stock. 3: (tl) Images; (br) Tony Freeman/Photo Edit; (br) F. Schussler/ Royalty Free/Corbis; (tr) PhotoLink/Getty Images. 4: (bc) PhotoLink/Getty Images. 55: (tr) Don Farrall/Getty Images; Mark Gibson/Index Stock. 5: (tc) Robert Marien/Index (tr) PhotoLink/Getty Images. 56: (cr) Digital Vision/Getty Stock. 6: (bc) Visions of America, LLC/Alamy. 7: (tl) C Images. 59: (c) Stock Connection/Alamy, © 2005 Jeff Squared Studios/Getty Images; (tr) CuboImages srl/Alamy. Schultz/AlaskaStock.com, Blend Images/SuperStock, 8: (bc) Royalty Free/Corbis. 9: (tr) Gary Crabbe/Alamy Left Lane Productions/Corbis, Jeff Foott/Picture Quest. Images. 11: (tl) Bob Masheris. 12: (c) John Kaprielian/Photo 60: (bcl) © 2005 Jeff Schultz/AlaskaStock.com. 61: (tr) Researchers, Inc. 15: (c) Dale C. Spartas/Corbis; (c) Flip de Royalty Free/Corbis; (tr) © Image Source/PunchStock. 62: Nooyer/Foto Natura/Minden Pictures; (c) Dynamic Graphics (cr) George Bryce/Animals Animals; (bl) Joe McDonald/ Group/IT Stock Free/Alamy; (c) Photodisc/Getty Images; (c) Corbis. 63: (cr) Photodisc Red/Getty Images. 64: (bcl) Stockdisc/Getty Images. 16: (bc) Lightwave Photography, blickwinkel/Alamy; (cr) blickwinkel/Alamy. 65: (tr) Alan Inc./Animals Animals. 17: (tl) Jane Shauck Photography/ Levenson/Alamy. 66: (cl) Photowood Inc./Corbis. 67: (tr) Alamy; (tr) Flip de Nooyer/Foto Natura/Minden Pictures. 18: Steve Maslowski/Photo Researchers, Inc. 68: (bc) Myrleen (tl, cl) Dynamic Graphics Group/IT Stock Free/Alamy; (bc) Ferguson Cate/Photo Edit. 69: (tr) Paul Gapper/Alamy. 70: Dan Suzio Photography. 19: (cl) Photodisc/Getty Images; (cr) Larry Prosor/SuperStock; (bl) Jean Wisenbaugh. 71: (tl) (cr) Raymond Mendez/Animals Animals. 20: (cl) Joe Jean Wisenbaugh; (tr) Super Stock/AGE Fotostock. 72: (cl) McDonald/Corbis; (br) Daniel J Cox/Getty Images. 21: (tc) Phil Schermeister/National Geographic Image Collection; Art Wolfe/Getty Images. 22: (bcl) Stockdisc/Getty Images. (cr) Jeff Foott/Picture Quest. 73: (tr) Gary Crabbe/Alamy; 23: (tr) Royalty Free/ Corbis. 24: (bcl) Bruce Coleman, (tr) Gary Crabbe/Alamy. 74: (all photos) Stock Connection/ Inc./Alamy. 25: (tc) Bruce Coleman Brakefield/Alamy. 26: Alamy. 75: (tr) Visions of America, LLC/Alamy. 77: (cl) (c) Jane Shauck Photography/Alamy, Darrell Gulin/Corbis, Elizabeth Whiting & Associates/Alamy; (cl) David Meunch/ Stockdisc/Getty Images, Raymond Mendez/Animals Corbis. 86: (c) Craig C. Sheumaker/Panoramic Images. 88: Animals, Stockdisc/Getty Images, Breck P. Kent/Animals (cl) Michael Pohuski/FoodPix; (cr) Digital Vision/Getty Animals. 27: (cr) Breck P. Kent/Animals Animals, Art Images. 89: (tr) Sally Ullman/FoodPix/Picture Arts; (tr) Wolfe/Getty Images, Steve Dunwell/Index Stock Imagery, Digital Vision/PunchStock. 90: (br) Royalty-Free/Corbis. 91: David Fleetham/Getty Images, imagebroker/Alamy, Patrick (cl) José Fuste Raga/zefa/Corbis; (cr) David Young-Wolff/ Gnan. 28: (bc) Jeremy Woodhouse/Masterfile. 29: Nigel Alamy. 93: (tr) Grace/zefa/Corbis. 95: (cl) Walter Bibikow/ J. Dennis/Photo Researchers, Inc. 30: (c) Art Wolfe/Getty Getty Images; (cl) Omni Photo/Index Stock Imagery. 96: Images. 31: (tr) Nicole Duplaix/Getty Images. 32: (c) Steve (tr) Burke/Triolo Productions/FoodPix; (c) Walter Bibikow/ Dunwell/Index Stock Imagery. 33: (tr) Harry Engels/ Getty Images. 97: (tl) Gregor M. Schmid/Corbis; (tr) Siede Photo Researchers, Inc.; (c) Willie Holdman/Index Stock Preis/Getty Images. 98: (cl) Theo Allofs/zefa/Corbis. 99: (tr) Imagery. 34: (c) David Fleetham/Getty Images. 36: (cl) Omni Photo/Index Stock Imagery. A Published by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, of McGraw-Hill Education, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Two Penn Plaza, New York, New York 10121. Copyright © by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Printed in the United States of America ISBN-13: 978-0-02-285992-3 ISBN-10: 0022859926 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (079) 10 09 08 07 06
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CHAPTER 1 Plants and Their Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Lesson 1 Plants Everywhere. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Lesson 2 What Plants Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Lesson 3 Parts of Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Vocabulary Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 CHAPTER 2 Animals and Their Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Lesson 1 Animals Everywhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Lesson 2 What Animals Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Lesson 3 How Animals Get Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Vocabulary Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 CHAPTER 3 Plants and Animals Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Lesson 1 Land Habitats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Lesson 2 Water Habitats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Lesson 3 Plants and Animals Need Each Other . . . . . . . 36 Lesson 4 Food Chains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Vocabulary Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 CHAPTER 4 Weather. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Lesson 1 Describe Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Lesson 2 The Warmth of the Sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Lesson 3 Measure Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Vocabulary Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 iii
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CHAPTER 5 Seasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Lesson 1 Winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Lesson 2 Spring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Lesson 3 Summer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Lesson 4 Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Vocabulary Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 CHAPTER 6 Solids, Liquids, and Gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Lesson 1 Describing Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Lesson 2 Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Lesson 3 Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Lesson 4 Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Vocabulary Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 CHAPTER 7 Changing Solids, Liquids, and Gases . . . . . . . . . 95 Lesson 1 Heating Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Lesson 2 Cooling Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Lesson 3 Mixing Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Vocabulary Review. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 iv
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CHAPTER 1 Plants and Their Needs What are plants? Vocabulary plants living things that grow from seeds energy what gives plants the power to do things leaves parts of a plant that use sunlight and air to make food roots parts of a plant that take in water from the soil 1 Chapter 1
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Lesson 1 Plants Everywhere What are plants? Plants are living things. Living things grow and change. Seeds from plants grow into new plants. cactus tree bush A Many people grow plants near their homes. 2 Plants and Their Needs
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All plants do not look the same. tree flower grass A Some plants have flowers. A Some trees are very tall. Quick Check Write the names of three plants. 1. plants 3 Chapter 1 • Lesson 1
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Where do plants live? Plants live all over Earth. They have parts that help them live in different places. Some plants live in the hot, dry desert. They have thick skin and spines to help them live there. desert A These are desert plants. 4 Plants and Their Needs
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It rains a lot in the rain forest. Rain-forest plants have leaves that help them live in wet places. leaves A Rain-forest leaves grow large to get sunlight. Quick Check Name two places where plants live. 2. 3. -Review www.macmillanmh.com 5 Summaries and quizzes online @ Chapter 1 • Lesson 1
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Lesson 2 What Plants Need Do all plants need the same things to grow? Plants need water, air, space, and sunlight to grow. Some plants grow in warm places. orange A Orange trees grow in warm places. 6 Plants and Their Needs
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Some plants need a lot of water to grow. rice rice plants D Rice plants grow in very wet places Quick Check List what plants need. sunlight 4. 7 Chapter 1 • Lesson 2
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How do plants use sunlight? Energy gives plants the power to do things. Plants get energy from the Sun. sunflower A Sunflowers need a lot of sunlight to grow. 8 Plants and Their Needs
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Plants use sunlight forest to make the food they need. Forest plants need very little sunlight to grow. Quick Check Fill in the blanks. 5. Plants get from the Sun. 6. Plants use sunlight to make . -Review www.macmillanmh.com 9 Summaries and quizzes online @ Chapter 1 • Lesson 2
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Lesson 3 Parts of Plants What are the parts of a plant? Leaves are parts of a plant. Leaves use sunlight and air to make food. leaves A This plant has green leaves. 10 Plants and Their Needs
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Some plants have flowers. Some flowers grow into fruit. Strawberry Plant flower leaves fruit roots Read a Diagram What are the parts of a strawberry plant? Watch how water and nutrients move through a plant @ www.macmillanmh.com Quick Check 7. Draw a plant. Label the leaves. 11 Chapter 1 • Lesson 3
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What do roots do? A plant’s roots take in water from the soil. roots A Roots also help plants stay in the ground. 12 Plants and Their Needs
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Some plants have long roots. Other plants have roots that spread out. roots roots A These roots are near A These roots are the ground. long and deep. Quick Check Circle the answer. 8. Roots help plants stay in the . sky ground 9. Roots get from soil. water air -Review www.macmillanmh.com 13 Summaries and quizzes online @ Chapter 1 • Lesson 3
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Vocabulary Review Use the words in the box to answer the questions. energy leaves plants roots 1. What gives plants the power to do things? 2. What plant parts get water from soil? 3. What living things grow from seeds? 4. What plant parts make food? 14 Chapter 1 • Lessons 1–3 • Vocabulary Review
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CHAPTER 2 Animals and Their Needs What do you know about animals? Vocabulary mammals animals with hair or fur birds animals that have feathers reptiles animals that have dry skin covered with scales insects animals that have three body parts and six legs gills help fish take in air from the water fins help fi sh swim in water 15 Chapter 2
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Lesson 1 Animals Everywhere What are some kinds of animals? There are many kinds of animals. Animals have different body coverings to help them live. fur A Fur keeps otters warm and dry in cold water. 16 Animals and Their Needs
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