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A need is : an experienced state of deficiency that pushes one’s behaviour. examples: hunger, thirst and pay rise A motive: Pulls behaviour in a predictable direction. Dr.Ahmed Radwan
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Motivation is defined as: - The psychological process that gives behavior purpose . and direction - An internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need . - Motivation is the inner force that drives individuals to accomplish personal and organizational goals. Dr.Ahmed Radwan
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• Work motivation is: The direction, level of effort and extent of persistence evident in the behaviour of an employee.
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Importance of MotivationImportance of Motivation Motivation sustains behaviour and keeps it systematic and focused. It directs responses towards the valued goals. Motivation stimulates employee behaviour to achieve organisational goals. Dr.Ahmed Radwan
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* Performance always involves the evaluation of a person’s behaviour on the job. * Motivation is only one of several factors that influence performance. * Low motivation does not necessarily cause low performance Dr.Ahmed Radwan
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Factors Affecting Performance - Ability & Skills - Motivation - Resources - Working Conditions - Difficulty of the task - Personality Characteristics - Organisational Commitment & job involvement Dr.Ahmed Radwan
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Motivation Theories Herzberg Factor-2 Theory Expectancy B Mod Theory Skinner &Vroom Tolman MOTIVATION Equity Maslow Theory Hierarchy S. Adams Dr.Ahmed Radwan
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Types of Motivation Theories I. Content theory of motivation: specifies factors in individuals which stimulate, direct, sustain and stop behaviour. It explains: ‘What specific needs cause motivation?’ II. Process theory of motivation: explains how behaviour is stimulated, directed, sustained, or stopped. It explains “how motivation occurs”. Dr.Ahmed Radwan
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Level I - Physiological Needs: the most basic human needs e.g. food, water and comfort. The organization helps to satisfy employees' physiological needs by a paycheck, safe working conditions. Level II - Safety Needs : the desires for security and stability & to feel safeDr.Ahmed Radwan
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Level III - Social Needs: The desire to give and receive affection. e.g. friendship, The desire for acceptance & giving and receiving support. The organization helps to satisfy employees' social needs . e.g. sports teams and celebrations & by showing direct care and concern for employees.Dr.Ahmed Radwan
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Level IV - Esteem Needs: * The desires for self-respect and recognition by others. * It has an external component identified as social status, which is defined as recognition, prestige & appreciation . * The internal component is challenge and autonomy . * The organization satisfies employees' esteem Dr.Ahmed Radwan
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Level V - Self-Actualization Needs: • The realization of the individual full potential & to fulfill oneself by making maximum use of talents and experience. • e.g. assigning a challenging task • An engineer uses all of his design skills to create a new subcomponent. Dr.Ahmed Radwan
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Self efficacy ‘can do’ trait is defined as personal confidence to achieve a very high level of performance. Higher order needs are learned, develop them through sustained contact with the social environments and they function at psychological levels Being a mentor can be a self actualizing pathway. Dr.Ahmed Radwan
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Becoming an entrepreneur can be a powerfully sustaining form of self actualisation . It strongly and consistently reinforces the human desire for self determination. Great success in one’s career leads to greater satisfaction of the internal component of the esteem need and enhanced intrinsic motivation. Dr.Ahmed Radwan
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Physiological and safety needs are Low order needsPhysiological and safety needs are Low order needs Other needs are called Higher-order needsOther needs are called Higher-order needs Physiological needs have to be satisfied first.Physiological needs have to be satisfied first. Lower order needs become less important as theyLower order needs become less important as they are satisfied while there is no decline in theare satisfied while there is no decline in the importance of higher order needs as they areimportance of higher order needs as they are satisfied.satisfied. Dr.Ahmed Radwan
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