ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A Systems Approach M. TIM JONES INFINITY SCIENCE PRESS LLC Hingham, Massachusetts New Delhi Copyright 2008 by INFINITY SCIENCE PRESS LLC All rights reserved. This publication, portions of it, or any accompanying software may not be reproduced in any way, stored in a retrieval system of any type, or transmitted by any means or media, electronic or mechanical, including, but not limited to, photocopy, recording, Internet postings or scanning, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Publisher: DAVID PALLAI INFINITY SCIENCE PRESS LLC 11 Leavitt Street Hingham, MA 02043 Tel. 877-266-5796 (toll free) Fax 781-740-1677 info@infinitysciencepress.com www.infinitysciencepress.com This book is printed on acid-free paper. M. Tim Jones. Artificial Intelligence: A Systems Approach ISBN: 978-0-9778582-3-1 The publisher recognizes and respects all marks used by companies, manufacturers, and developers as a means to distinguish their products. All brand names and product names mentioned in this book are trademarks or service marks of their respective companies. Any omission or misuse (of any kind) of service marks or trademarks, etc. is not an attempt to infringe on the property of others. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data JONES, M. TIM. Artificial intelligence : a systems approach / M. Tim Jones. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-0-9778582-3-1 (hardcover with cd-rom : alk. paper) 1. Artificial intelligence--Data processing. 2. Artificial intelligence--Mathematical models. I. Title. Q336.J68 2008 006.3--dc22 2007045869 78904321 Our titles are available for adoption, license or bulk purchase by institutions, corporations, etc. For additional information, please contact the Customer Service Dept. at 877-266-5796 (toll free). Requests for replacement of a defective CD-ROM must be accompanied by the original disc, your mailing address, telephone number, date of purchase and purchase price. Please state the nature of the problem, an