第 1 页
Graduation thesis Supervisor: MSC.Nguyễn Bá Linh DECLARATION I hereby declare that the thesis on the topic" Accounting for revenue, expenses and business result at Viet Nhat Food Joint Stock Company " is my personal research in recent times. All data used in the analysis of the thesis and the results of the study are that I self-study and analyze objectively, honestly, have clear origins and have not been published in any form. I assume full responsibility for any dishonesty in the information used in this research work. Ha Noi, May 25, 2020 Student Nguyễn Thị Hải Yến Student: Nguyễn Thị Hải Yến i CQ54/21CL.02
第 2 页
Graduation thesis Supervisor: MSC.Nguyễn Bá Linh ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Through the learning process at Academy of Finance, thanks to the enthusiastic instruction of the teachers in the academy, especially the teachers in the Accounting Faculty, I was equipped with the most basic knowledge about accounting majors. Combined with the internship time at Viet Nhat Food Joint Stock Company, I had the opportunity to apply the knowledge I learned to the practice of the job and successfully complete my graduation thesis. Because of the abundance and diversity of business as well as limited internships and awareness, it is inevitable errors and defects in the implementation of the thesis. I look forward to receiving the comments of the teachers at Accounting faculty and all of the accounting department at Viet Nhat Food Joint Stock Company so that my thesis will be better and better. Thereby, I would like to thank the teachers of the Academy of Finance, especially supervisor MSC.Nguyen Ba Linh, who kindly guided me to complete this graduation thesis. I would like to thank the leaders of Viet Nhat Food Joint Stock Company for their dedicated help, enabling me to complete the topic during my internship at the company. Lastly, I would like to wish the AOF’s Teachers, everybody in Viet Nhat Food Joint Stock Company good health, wish the company a lot of success in business activities! Thank you sincerely! Nguyễn Thị Hải Yến Student: Nguyễn Thị Hải Yến ii CQ54/21CL.02
第 3 页
Graduation thesis Supervisor: MSC.Nguyễn Bá Linh TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION...............................................................................................i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................ii TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................iii LIST OF DIAGRAMS.....................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES..........................................................................................vii LIST OF PICTURES.....................................................................................viii LIST OF ACRONYMS...................................................................................ix INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1: GENERAL THEORY OF ACCOUNTING FOR REVENUE, EXPENSES AND BUSINESS RESULTS IN ENTERPRISES.......................4 1.1. GENERAL THEORY OF REVENUE, EXPENSES AND BUSINESS RESULTS IN ENTERPRISES.........................................................................4 1.1.1. Importance of accounting for revenue and business result in Enterprises.........................................................................................................4 1.1.2.The basics of revenue...............................................................................5 1.1.3.The basics of Expenses............................................................................9 1.1.4.The Basics of Business results...............................................................13 1.2.ACCOUNTING FOR REVENUE, EXPENSES AND BUSINESS RESULTS IN ENTERPRISES.......................................................................16 1.2.1 The accounting principles governing accounting for revenue, expenses and business results in enterprises...................................................................16 1.2.2. Accounting for Revenue.......................................................................17 1.2.3. Accounting for Expenses......................................................................25 1.2.4. Accounting for Business results............................................................40 1.3. ORGANISATION OF BOOKKEEPING SYSTEMS FOR REVENURE, EXPENSES AND BUSINESS RESULTS ACCOUNTING. .43 1.3.1. General journal form of bookkeeping...................................................43 1.3.2. Voucher form of bookkeeping..............................................................45 1.3.3. Journal - Ledger form of bookkeeping..................................................47 Student: Nguyễn Thị Hải Yến iii CQ54/21CL.02
第 4 页
Graduation thesis Supervisor: MSC.Nguyễn Bá Linh 1.3.4. Journal – Vouchers form of bookkeeping.............................................49 1.4.ACCOUNTING FOR REVENUE, EXPENSES AND BUSINESS RESULTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE......51 1.4.1. Principles and requirements for machine accounting organization......51 1.4.2. Steps to perform Accounting for revenue, expenses and business results on accounting software...................................................................................52 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 1...................................................................54 CHAPTER 2: PRACTICAL SITUATION OF ACCOUNTING FOR REVENUE, EXPENSES AND DETERMINE BUSINESS RESULTS AT VIET NHAT FOOD JOINT STOCK COMPANY........................................55 2.1. OVERVIEW OF VIET NHAT FOOD JOINT STOCK COMPANY.....55 2.1.1.The foundation and development of Viet Nhat Food joint stock company..........................................................................................................55 2.1.2. Characteristics of business operation....................................................57 2.1.3. Characteristics of the organizing management mechanism in Viet Nhat Food JSC.........................................................................................................60 2.1.4. Characteristics of organizing accounting system..................................62 2.2. PRACTICAL SITUATION OF ACCOUNTING FOR REVENUE, EXPENSES AND BUSINESS RESULTS AT VIET NHAT FOOD JSC.....67 2.2.1. Practical situation of Accounting for Revenue at the company............67 2.2.2. Practical situation of Accounting for Expenses at the company...........78 2.2.3.Accounting for determining business results at Viet Nhat Food JSC....92 2.3. EVALUATION OF ACCOUNTING FOR REVENUE, EXPENSES AND BUSINESS RESULTS AT THE COMPANY....................................102 2.3.1. Achievements......................................................................................102 2.3.2. Limitations and causes of Limitations................................................103 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 2.................................................................105 CHAPTER 3: SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE ACCOUNTING FOR REVENUE, EXPENSES AND BUSINESS RESULTS AT VIET NHAT FOOD JSC....................................................................................................106 3.1. DEVELOPMENT ORIENTATION OF THE COMPANY..................106 Student: Nguyễn Thị Hải Yến iv CQ54/21CL.02
第 5 页
Graduation thesis Supervisor: MSC.Nguyễn Bá Linh 3.2.REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPROVING ACCOUNTING FOR REVENUE, EXPENSES AND BUSINESS RESULTS AT VIET NHAT FOOD JOINT STOCK COMPANY.............................................................107 3.3.SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE ACCOUNTING FOR REVENUE, EXPENSES AND BUSINESS RESULTS...................................................108 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER 3.................................................................112 CONCLUSION.............................................................................................113 REFERENCES..............................................................................................116 Student: Nguyễn Thị Hải Yến v CQ54/21CL.02
第 6 页
Graduation thesis Supervisor: MSC.Nguyễn Bá Linh LIST OF DIAGRAMS Diagram 1: Account 511- Revenues..............................................................18 Diagram 2 - Revenue deduction......................................................................20 Diagram 3 – Acc 515: Financial Incomes......................................................22 Diagram 4 : Account 711- Other income........................................................24 Diagram 5 : Account 632- Costs of goods sold..............................................29 Diagram 6 : Account 6422 - Administrative expenses...................................31 Diagram 7 : Account 6421 – Selling expenses...............................................33 Diagram 8: account 635 – Financial Expenses..............................................35 Diagram 9 : Account 811 - Other expenses...................................................37 Diagram 10: Account 821- Corporate Income tax expenses...........................40 Diagram 11 : Account 911 - Business results determination..........................42 Diagram 12 : Order of bookkeeping in the form of General Journal..............44 Diagram 13: Order of bookkeeping in the form of journal voucher...............46 Diagram 14: Journal - Ledger form of bookkeeping.......................................48 Diagram 15 : Order of bookkeeping in the form of journal - voucher............50 Diagram 16 : The sequence perform in accounting software.........................52 Diagram 17 : Process of buying (importing) goods in Viet Nhat Food JSC...58 Diagram 18 : Organizing management mechanism in Viet Nhat Food JSC...60 Diagram 19 : Model of Organize the company's accounting system in Viet Nhat Food JSC................................................................................................62 Diagram 20 : Model of accounting records in the form of General Journal...65 Student: Nguyễn Thị Hải Yến vi CQ54/21CL.02
第 7 页
Graduation thesis Supervisor: MSC.Nguyễn Bá Linh LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Ledger of account 511- Revenue from sales of goods and services.73 Table 2: Detailed book of account 511- Revenue from sales of goods and services............................................................................................................73 Table 3: General journal of account 511 - Revenue from sales of goods and services............................................................................................................74 Table 4 : Detailed book of account 515 – Financial income...........................76 Table 5 : Ledger of account 515 – Financial income......................................77 Table 6: Detailed book of account 632 – Cost of goods sold.........................80 Table 7 : Ledger of account 632 – Cost of goods sold....................................81 Table 8 : Detailed book account 635 – Fianancial expenses..........................84 Table 9: Ledger account 635 – Fianancial expenses.......................................84 Table 10 : Ledger account 6421 – selling expenses........................................87 Table 11 : Detailed book account 6421 – selling expenses............................87 Table 12 : Ledger account 6422 – Administrative expenses..........................90 Table 13 : Detailed book account 6422 – Administrative expenses...............90 Table 14: Ledger of account 821- Corporate income tax expenses................92 Table 15: Ledger account 511- revenue from sale of goods and services in 2019.................................................................................................................94 Table 16: Ledger account 515- Financial income in 2019..............................95 Table 16: Ledger account 632- Cost of goods sold in 2019...........................96 Table 17: Ledger account 635 - Financial expenses in 2019.........................97 Table 18: Ledger account 6421 – Selling expenses in 2019...........................98 Table 19: Ledger account 6422 – Administrative expenses in 2019..............99 Table 20 – Tranferring to account 911..........................................................100 Table 21: Income Statement at Viet Nhat Food JSC in 2019.......................101 Student: Nguyễn Thị Hải Yến vii CQ54/21CL.02
第 8 页
Graduation thesis Supervisor: MSC.Nguyễn Bá Linh LIST OF PICTURES Picture 1 : MISA accounting software interface.............................................67 Picture 2 : VAT Invoice number 000004........................................................70 Picture 3 : Manipulation on Misa software.....................................................72 Picture 4 : Credit Note from VP Bank 15/03/2019.........................................76 Picture 5 : Delivery notes number HT – 0008358.........................................80 Piture 6 : Debit notes from TP Bank 21/01/2019...........................................83 Picture 7 : VAT Invoice number No. 0005454...............................................86 Picture 8 : Payment from Dien Luc Ha Noi Company 31/03/2019...............89 Student: Nguyễn Thị Hải Yến viii CQ54/21CL.02
第 9 页
Graduation thesis Supervisor: MSC.Nguyễn Bá Linh LIST OF ACRONYMS SJC Joint Stock Company Acc Account IASB International Accounting Standards Board MOF Ministry of Finance VAS Vietnamese Accounting Standards IAS International Accounting Standards COGS Cost of Goods Sold Student: Nguyễn Thị Hải Yến ix CQ54/21CL.02
第 10 页
Graduation thesis Supervisor: MSC.Nguyễn Bá Linh INTRODUCTION 1. The urgency of the research topic In recent years, it has been a milestone marking the great transformation of Vietnam's economy. Along with the expansion of the economy, Goverment have launched many guidelines and policies to develop a multi-sector economy, expand to exchange and cooperate in the vast economic market. Especially the event that Vietnam joined the World Trade Organization, opened up many development opportunities for businesses, but also had many difficulties and challenges. Before that situation requires businesses to try their best to survive and develop. Like other businesses, trading and services enterprises are not only affected by the law of value but also influenced by the law of supply and demand and the competition law. When products of enterprises are accepted by the market means that the value of the product is realized, at this time, the enterprises will collect amount of money, which is called revenue. If the revenue can compensate expenses, then the rest is called profit. Any business when activiting also wants to achieve the maximum profit. Most of the trading and services enterprises, the revenue is mainly due to process of consuming goods and service. Therefore, determining business results will play an important role in determining the performance of enterprises. Therefore, during the internship at Viet Nhat Food Joint Stock Company, I chose the topic: "Accounting for revenue, expenses and determine business results at Viet Nhat Food Joint Stock Company.” to make the graduation thesis for me. Student: Nguyễn Thị Hải Yến 1 CQ54/21CL.02
第 11 页
Graduation thesis Supervisor: MSC.Nguyễn Bá Linh 2. Research purpose The purpose of the research is to study the theory and practice of accounting for revenue, expenses and determine business results. Specifically, the thesis studies general theories about accounting for revenue, expenses and determine business results in trading and services enterprises. Researching the current situation of accounting for revenue, expenses and determine business results at Viet Nhat Food Joint Stock Company, analyzing the objective necessity to improve the accounting organization in general and to improve accounting for revenue, expenses and determine business results in particular. Therefore, it provides directions and some necessary solutions to complete the accounting for revenue, expenses and determine business results at Viet Nhat Food Joint Stock Company. 3. Research subject and Research scope - Research subject: Accounting for revenue, expenses and business results at Viet Nhat Food Joint Stock Company - Research scope: Accounting for revenue, expenses and business results from the perspective of financial accounting at Viet Nhat Food Joint Stock Company in 2019. 4. Research method 4.1. The method of data collection - Collect primary data: learn about topic through information channels such as superviso, employees of the accounting department at the company, internet,... - Collecting secondary data: researching through textbooks, reference books, thesis,... writing about accounting for revenue, expenses and business results. This information mainly serves as an overview of accounting for revenue, expenses and determine business results at the company. Student: Nguyễn Thị Hải Yến 2 CQ54/21CL.02
第 12 页
Graduation thesis Supervisor: MSC.Nguyễn Bá Linh The figures related to the company's production and business activities in 2019 are collected mainly from the Company's financial statements. This information serves the content of the thesis. The data is taken from documents, accounting books, financial statements ... in 2019 of the company. 4.2. Methods of analysis - Method of analysis: analysis and evaluation, combined with systematization to be able to fully identify the overall operating situation. Point out the strengths and weaknesses in determining business results of the enterprise, thereby assessing the competitiveness of the enterprise in the present time and future development directions. - Method of synthesis: linking all elements, aspects, parts, relationships of information collected into a whole to make a correct, complete and insightful conclusion about the topic. 5. The structure of the thesis Apart from the introduction, conclusion, diagrams and list of references The thesis is also structured into 3 chapters: Chapter 1: General theory of accounting for revenue, expenses and business results in enterprises. Chapter 2: Practical situation of accounting for revenue, expenses and business results at Viet Nhat Food Joint Stock Company. Chapter 3: Solutions to improve accounting for revenue, expenses and business results at Viet Nhat Food Joint Stock Company I sincerely thank MSC. Nguyen Ba Linh and the board of directors, employees of the company have kindly guided and helped me complete this thesis. Due to limited time, the thesis cannot avoid shortcomings and defects. We hope to receive the advice, suggestions from teachers to improve the thesis. Thank you sincerely! Student: Nguyễn Thị Hải Yến 3 CQ54/21CL.02
评论 (0)
暂无评论。快来抢沙发吧！