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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ------- ------- GRADUATION THESIS TITLE: “INVESTIGATION OF A SIMPLE METHOD FOR EXTRACTION C-PHYCOCYANIN FROM THE BLUE- GREEN MICROALGAE ARTHROSPIRA PLATENSIS” Hanoi, January 2023
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ------- ------- GRADUATION THESIS TITLE: “INVESTIGATION OF A SIMPLE METHOD FOR EXTRACTION C-PHYCOCYANIN FROM THE BLUE- GREEN MICROALGAE ARTHROSPIRA PLATENSIS” Student name : Duong Le Long Student code : 637042 Class : K63CNSHE Faculty : Biotechnology Supervisor : Assoc.Prof.Dr. Nguyen Duc Bach Hanoi, January 2023
COMMITMENT This thesis has not been submitted for academic credit at any other higher education institution. I declare that the work presented in this thesis is original and solely my own. To my knowledge, the contents of this thesis do not include any previously published material unless appropriately cited. Hanoi, January 10th, 2023 Student Duong Le Long i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I extend my sincere gratitude to the director of the Vietnam National University of Agriculture, the board of deans, and all the instructors in the Faculty of Biotechnology for providing me with the opportunity to complete this thesis. During my graduation thesis completion, I would like to extend my sincere appreciation to my thesis advisor, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Duc Bach - Director of the Institute for Microalgae and Pharmacosmetics, Viet Nam National University of Agriculture, for providing me with invaluable support and guidance throughout my academic pursuits. Their dedication, thoughtfulness, and expertise played a significant role in ensuring the success of my thesis. At the same time, I would like to thank the staff who are studying and doing research at the Institute for Microalgae and Pharmacosmetics for their enthusiastic guidance and support during the process of making my thesis graduation project. Finally, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my parents, siblings, relatives, and friends for their unwavering support, blessings, and constant source of inspiration throughout my academic journey. Once again, thank you for everything! Sincerely, Hanoi, January 10th, 2023 Student Duong Le Long ii
CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................... 1 1.1. Preface...................................................................................................1 1.2. Objectives .............................................................................................2 1.3. Requirements ........................................................................................2 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................. 3 2.1. An overview of Arthrospira platensis..................................................3 2.1.1. Introduction about Arthrospira platensis .......................................3 2.1.2. Taxonomy of Arthrospira platensis ...............................................4 2.1.3. Chemical composition of the algae Arthrospira platensis.............6 2.1.4. The applications of Arthrospira platensis.....................................9 2.1.4.1. For human health.................................................................................9 2.1.4.2. In the cosmetics industry ................................................................. 10 2.1.4.3. Some studies show positive results................................................. 10 2.2. An overview of C-phycocyanin..........................................................11 2.2.1. Introduction about C-phycocyanin...............................................11 2.2.2. Characteristics of C-phycocyanin.................................................12 2.2.3. Applications of C-phycocyanin....................................................13 2.2.4. Some studies on the use of C-phycocyanin..................................14 2.3. Studies on C-phycocyanin extract in the world and Vietnam............18 2.3.1. Studies on C-phycocyanin extract in the World...........................18 2.3.2. Studies on C-phycocyanin extract in Vietnam.............................18 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS ................20 iii
3.1. Materials .............................................................................................20 3.1.1. The origin......................................................................................20 3.1.2. Place and time of experiment .......................................................20 3.2. Chemicals and equipments .................................................................20 3.3. Research methods ...............................................................................21 3.3.1. Extraction method of C-PC ..........................................................21 3.3.2. Factors affecting the extraction of C-PC......................................23 3.3.3. Investigate the method of processing C-PC solution into dry powder ....................................................................................................24 3.3.3.1. Treatment of C-PC solution into dry powder by freeze-drying method ................................................................................................................... 24 3.3.3.2. Treatment of C-PC solution into dry powder by natural evaporation method .............................................................................................. 25 3.3.4. Analytical method.........................................................................26 3.3.5. Data processing method................................................................26 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .................................................27 4.1. The results of selecting the optimal conditions for the extraction process ......................................................................................................27 4.1.1. Choose the optimal solvent...........................................................27 4.1.2. Choose the optimal salt concentration..........................................33 4.1.3. Choose the optimal extraction time..............................................36 4.1.4. Choose the ratio of algae biomass-solvent volume......................38 4.2. Survey results on the method of processing C-PC solution into dry powder ......................................................................................................42 iv
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