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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF AGRONOMY --------------------------------------------------- UNDERGRADUATE THESIS TITLE: EFFECT OF BIOCHAR ON GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SUGARCANE UNDER SALINITY CONDITION Supervisor : PhD. VU NGOC THANG Department : INDUSTRIAL AND MEDICINAL PLANTS Student : TRAN THI THUAN Class : K61KHCTT Course : 2016 - 2021 Major : CROP SCIENCE HANOI - 2021
DECLARATION I hereby declare that this paper is my own work. All results and data in this thesis are absolutely honest and have not been used in a different thesis. All sources used in this paper were cited in references. Hanoi, February 28th ,2021 Student Tran Thi Thuan i
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS To complete this thesis, I am deeply indebted to many people for their advice, instruction and support. First and foremost, I would like to send my gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Vu Ngoc Thang, Dept. of Industrial and Medicinal plants, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, for his enthusiastic support, helpful advice and considerable encouragement in the completion of my thesis. I would also like to give my gratitude to my teachers who gave me the necessary knowledge and skills during my time here. Especially I would also like to give my gratitude to all of my teachers in faculty of Agronomy. In addition, I would like to acknowledge my family, who always stood by me, for their in conditional love and support, both financially and emotionally throughout my work. Save the best for last, I want to express my thanks to my friends in Vietnam National University of Agriculture for their friendship and support. Hanoi, October 12st, 2020 Council secretary Instructor Student Tran Thi Thuan ii
CONTENTS DECLARATION.....................................................................................................i ACKNOWLEGEMENTS......................................................................................ii CONTENTS..........................................................................................................iii LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES..............................................................................................vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................................viii ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................... ix Chapter I INTRODUCTION.................................................................................1 1.1. Introduction......................................................................................................1 1.2. Objectives and requirements...........................................................................2 1.2.1. Objectives..................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2. Requirements................................................................................................3 Chapter II LITERATURE REVIEW..................................................................... 4 2.1. Situation of sugarcane production on the world and in Vietnam...................4 2.1.1. Situation of sugarcane production in the world...........................................4 2.2. Sugarcane production in Vietnam...................................................................6 2.2. Saline soil and the influence of salinity on the growth and development of plants........................................................................................................ 8 2.2.1. Saline soil in Vietnam.................................................................................. 9 2.2.2. Effects of saline soils on growth and development of plants and plant tolerance to saline conditions.....................................................................10 2.2.3. Some researchs on the effects of salinity on growth, development and productivity of plant...................................................................................13 2.3. Applications and research on biochar........................................................... 14 2.3.1. Biochar and properties................................................................................14 2.3.2. The role of biochar..................................................................................... 15 iii
2.3.3. Some research results on biochar...............................................................16 Chapter III MATERIAL AND METHOD..........................................................18 3.1. Object and Material.......................................................................................18 3.1.1. Object..........................................................................................................19 3.1.2. Materials..................................................................................................... 19 3.2. Place and time................................................................................................20 3.3. Research contents..........................................................................................20 3.4. Methods......................................................................................................... 20 3.4.1. Research methods.......................................................................................20 3.4.2. Data collection............................................................................................21 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...................................................24 4.1. Effect biochar on growth parameters of sugarcane under salinity condition.....................................................................................................24 4.1.1. Effects of biochar on the plant height of sugarcane under salinity condition.....................................................................................................24 4.1.2. Effects of biochar on the plant diameter of sugarcane under salinity condition.....................................................................................................26 4.1.3. Effects of biochar on the leaf number of sugarcane under salinity condition.....................................................................................................27 4.1.4. Effects of biochar on the leaf length of sugarcane under salinity condition.....................................................................................................29 4.1.5. Effects of biochar on the leaf width of sugarcane under salinity condition.....................................................................................................31 4.1.6. Effects of biochar on leaf area of sugarcane under salinity condition...... 32 4.1.7. Effects of biochar on the dry weight of stem, leaves, root of sugarcane under salinity condition..............................................................................35 4.1.8. Effects of biochar on the root length of sugarcane under salinity condition.....................................................................................................37 iv
4.2. The effect of biochar on the physiology parameters of sugarcane under salinity condition........................................................................................38 4.2.1. Effects of biochar on SPAD index of sugarcane under salinity condition.....................................................................................................38 4.2.2 Effects of biochar on chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of sugarcane under salinity condition..............................................................................40 4.2.3. Effect of biochar on water saturation deficit (WSD) in the leaf of sugarcane under salinity condition.............................................................42 4.2.4. The effect of biochar on the relative ion leakage of sugarcane under saline condition...........................................................................................44 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS....................................47 5.1. Conclusions....................................................................................................47 5.2. Suggestions....................................................................................................47 REFERENCES..................................................................................................... 48 v
LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: World sugarcane production in recent years........................................ 5 Table 2.2. Sugarcane production in major continents in recent years...................6 Table 2.3. Area, yield and production of sugarcane in Vietnam compared with the world (2018).............................................................................7 Table 2.4. Sugarcane production by regions in Vietnam, 2017-2018...................7 Table 4.1. Effects of biochar on leaf area of sugarcane under salinity condition...............................................................................................33 Table 4.2. Effects of biochar on the fresh weight of sugarcane under salinity condition...............................................................................................34 Table 4.3. Effects of biochar on the dry weight of sugarcane under salinity condition...............................................................................................36 Table 4.4. Effects of biochar on the root length of sugarcane under salinity condition...............................................................................................37 Table 4.5: Effect of biochar on the relative water content in the leaf of sugarcane under salinity condition.......................................................42 Table 4.6. Effect of biochar on the relative ion leakage of sugarcane under salinity condition..................................................................................45 vi
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Sugarcane seedlings before transplanting to pots................................ 19 Figure 2: Wood chip biochar was used in this experiment..................................19 Figure 4.1. Effects of biochar on the plant height of sugarcane under salinity condition...............................................................................................25 Figure 4.2. Effects of biochar on the plant diameter of sugarcane under salinity condition..................................................................................26 Figure 4.3. Effects of biochar on the leaves number of sugarcane under salinity condition..................................................................................28 Figure 4.4. Effects of biochar on the leaf length of sugarcane under salinity condition...............................................................................................30 Figure 4.5. Effects of biochar on the leaf width of sugarcane under salinity condition...............................................................................................31 Figure 4.7. Effects of biochar on SPAD index of sugarcane under salinity condition...............................................................................................38 Figure 4.8. Effects of biochar on chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of sugarcane under salinity condition.......................................................40 Figure 4.9. Effect of biochar on water saturation deficit in the leaf of sugarcane under salinity condition.......................................................42 Figure 4.10. The effect of biochar on the relative ion leakage of sugarcane under salinity condition........................................................................44 vii
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