Facebook:@Dethivaonganhang www.facebook.com/dethivaonganhang GRADUATION THESIS Major: International Business Economics REGIONAL INTRA TOURISM MARKET IN ASEAN AFTER THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE AEC: PERSPECTIVES AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR VIETNAM www.ThiNganHang.com S Á C H – T À I L I Ệ U T H I T U Y Ể N Trang 1
Facebook:@Dethivaonganhang www.facebook.com/dethivaonganhang TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.........................................................................................i LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................ii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... iii INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ABOUT REGIONAL INTRA TOURISM.........................................................................................................5 1.1. Basic concepts related to regional tourism market.............................................5 1.1.1. Definitions of tourism ..................................................................................5 1.1.2. Definitions of regional tourism....................................................................7 1.1.3. Definition of regional tourism market .........................................................7 1.1.4. Definitions and classifications of tourists....................................................8 1.2. Demand tourism in theoretical aspects...............................................................8 1.2.1. Demand tourism in Maslow theory..............................................................8 1.2.2. Gravity framework .....................................................................................11 1.3. Determinants to build up regional intra tourism market ..................................12 1.3.1. Demand of regional tourism market..........................................................12 1.3.2. Supply of regional tourism market ............................................................13 1.4. Factors affecting to regional tourism market....................................................13 1.4.1. Factors affecting to supply of regional tourism market ............................13 1.4.2. Factors affecting to demand of regional tourism market ..........................19 1.5. The impacts of regional economic integration on the intra – regional tourism ........................................................................................................................21 1.5.1. Levels of regional economic integration ...................................................21 www.ThiNganHang.com S Á C H – T À I L I Ệ U T H I T U Y Ể N Trang 2
Facebook:@Dethivaonganhang www.facebook.com/dethivaonganhang 1.5.2. Influences of regional economic integration on the intra – regional tourism 23 1.6. Experiences of developing regional intra tourism market................................27 CHAPTER 2: STATUS QUO AND PERSPECTIVES OF ASEAN’S INTRA – REGIONAL TOURISM MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF THE AEC ESTABLISHMENT .....................................................................................................30 2.1. Overview about the AEC..................................................................................30 2.1.1. Background about the AEC .......................................................................30 2.1.2. Characteristics and goals of the AEC .......................................................30 2.2. Reasons considering regional tourism as a priority compared with other kinds of tourism ..........................................................................................................33 2.2.1. Growth of GDP and economic similarity of AMS .....................................33 2.2.2. Cultures of nations in ASEAN...................................................................36 2.3. Situation of regional tourism market in ASEAN before the AEC establishment ..............................................................................................................37 2.3.1. The size of regional intra tourism in ASEAN.............................................37 2.3.2. Situation of intra – ASEAN tourist arrivals in each AMS .........................43 2.4. Prospects of ASEAN regional tourism after establishing the AEC .................47 2.4.1. Strengths and weaknesses to develop regional intra tourism in ASEAN ..47 2.4.2. Opportunities for regional intra tourism in ASEAN after forming the AEC ....................................................................................................................50 2.4.3. Challenges for intra – ASEAN tourism after the AEC establishment........55 CHAPTER 3: POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR VIET NAM IN THE CONTEXT OF ESTABLISHING THE AEC ...........................................................58 3.1. Situation of intra – ASEAN tourist arrivals to Vietnam ..................................58 3.2. Orientation of developing Vietnamese tourism in the context of forming the AEC ..........................................................................................................................61 www.ThiNganHang.com S Á C H – T À I L I Ệ U T H I T U Y Ể N Trang 3
Facebook:@Dethivaonganhang www.facebook.com/dethivaonganhang 3.2.1. Orientation for developing tourism markets..............................................61 3.2.2. Orientation to develop tourism products ...................................................64 3.2.3. Orientation towards supply source of tourism service ..............................65 3.3. Recommendations for developing Vietnamese regional tourism market while establishing the AEC ........................................................................................68 3.3.1. Recommendations for legal framework .....................................................68 3.3.2. Recommendations for infrastructure .........................................................70 3.3.3. Recommendations for human resource in tourism sector .........................77 CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................82 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................84 APPENDICES ..............................................................................................................92 www.ThiNganHang.com S Á C H – T À I L I Ệ U T H I T U Y Ể N Trang 4
i LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS No. Abbreviations Full name 1 AEC ASEAN Economic Community 2 AMS ASEAN Member States 3 ASEAN Association of South East Asia Nations 4 ATSP ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan 5 CLMV Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Viet Nam 6 CM Common Market 7 CU Common Union 8 EUR Euro 9 FTA Free Trade Area 10 GDP Gross Domestic Product 11 ICT Information and Communication Technology 12 LDCs Least Developed Countries 13 MICE Meeting, Incentive, Convention, Exhibition 14 MRA Mutual Recognition Arrangement 15 OECD The Organization for Economic Co-operation and development 16 R&D Research and Development 17 SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises 18 TOTAL Tourism Talent Plan 19 UNWTO United Nations World Tourism Organization 20 USD United States Dollars 21 VND Viet Nam Dong 22 WEF World Economic Forum 23 WTO World Tourism Organization 24 WTTC World Travel & Tourism Council www.ThiNganHang.com S Á C H – T À I L I Ệ U T H I T U Y Ể N Trang i
ii LIST OF FIGURES PAGE Figure 1.1: Maslow’s hierarchy of people needs 9 Figure 1.2: Gravity model in international tourism flows 11 Figure 1.3: Creation effect of regional economic integration on regional 22 tourism Figure 1.4: Average expenditure per inbound trip by residents from 25 other EU-28(*), 2012 Figure 2.1: Strategic directions and actions of ASEANs 29 Figure 2.2: Share in global GDP of from 2008 to 2012 ASEAN 32 Figure 2.3: Percentage of intra - ASEAN trade - in services in 2013 34 Figure 2.4: Structure of ASEAN tourist arrivals from 2009 to 2013 35 Figure 2.5: Share of intra – ASEAN tourist arrivals by host country in 41 2013 Figure 2.6: Proportion of visa required to visit ASEAN countries in 43 2013 Figure 2.7: Proportion of tourists based on means of transportation in 45 2012 Figure 2.8: Employment by sector of some AMS 46 Figure 2.9: Airport numbers in ASEAN countries between 2008 and 48 2012 Figure2.10: Growth rate of Domestic air passenger traffic per thousand 50 persons Figure 3.1: Hotel performance of big cities of ASEAN countries 64 Figure 3.2: Internet users per 100 people in Vietnam from 2008 to 2013 68 www.ThiNganHang.com S Á C H – T À I L I Ệ U T H I T U Y Ể N Trang ii
iii LIST OF TABLES PAGE Table 1.1: ICT needs to tourism 16 Table 1.2: Levels of regional economic integration and its characteristics 20 Table 2.1: GDP and GDP forecast of AMS from 2010 to 2016 31 Table 2.2: Proportion of ASEAN tourist arrivals from 2008 to 2013 37 Table 2.3: Performance of AMS regulatory framework 38 Table 2.4: Intra – ASEAN visitor arrivals by country of destinations from 40 2009 to 2013 Table 2.5: Ranking of doing and starting business in ASEAN countries 50 Table 3.1: Performance of AMS in TTCI 2011 52 Table 3.2: Intra – ASEAN tourism arrivals to Vietnam in the first three 53 months of 2015 Table 3.3: Level of priority to develop regional tourism market in Vietnam 55 Table 3.4: Forecast for the criteria to develop Vietnam tourism in the 56 period 2015 and 2020 Table 3.5: Investment capital for tourism sector in Vietnam between 2011 59 and 2020 Table 3.6: Top 10 biggest hotel corporation in the world in 2014 65 Table 3.7: Performance of Human Resource of some AMS in 2012 69 www.ThiNganHang.com S Á C H – T À I L I Ệ U T H I T U Y Ể N Trang iii
1 INTRODUCTION 1. Rationale Tourism industry has expanded and diversified quickly. This kind of service stands among one of the most rapidly developing industries all over the world and greatly contributes to the whole economy GDP. According to World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) (2014), total contribution of travel and tourism to GDP was more than 7000 billion USD in the year of 2013 (around 9.8% of the whole economy GDP). More importantly, international tourism makes up for 29% of the world’s exports of services and also 6% of overall exports of goods and services. Furthermore, the tourism sector can be considered as key driver of growth and leading role in solving employment. WTTC (2014) has also pointed out that travel and tourism had created 100,894,000 jobs in 2013 which accounted for 3.4% of total employment. This includes employers working in hotels, travel agents, airlines and so on. It is estimated that tourism will generate more than 126 million jobs – a rise of 2% per annum over the next ten years. These all above data demonstrate the essentiality of the tourism industry in the economy. ASEAN tourism market is one of the most dynamic markets all over the world and has greatly contributed to the economical growth in this region. Most of the countries in ASEAN have paid attention to develop tourism and some of them are becoming the most favorite tourist attractions such as Thailand, Singapore and so on. In the year of 2013, the total number of visitors travelling to ASEAN was more than 98 million – a rise of more than 9.8% compared with 2012 (ASEAN, 2015a). Specifically, intra – ASEAN tourism (tourists from ASEAN countries visiting other ASEAN countries) account for 43% of all international tourists arrivals in ASEAN (World Economic Forum (WEF), 2012). From this figure, we can see that regional intra tourism in ASEAN makes up for nearly half of the total proportion of ASEAN tourists’ arrivals. In the context of regionalization, ASEAN has decided to build up the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in the end of the year 2015. The final www.ThiNganHang.com S Á C H – T À I L I Ệ U T H I T U Y Ể N Trang 1
2 purpose of AEC is to increase the competitive ability of ASEAN, fully improve the ASEAN economy in the world. Undoubtedly, the AEC will open up more opportunities for all the economic sectors in general and tourism in particular as well as creates burdens for members in ASEAN. From the point of establishing AEC, there would be changes in regional tourism market in ASEAN and in Vietnam in particular. For all the reasons above, my topic “Regional intra tourism market in ASEAN after the establishment of the AEC: Perspectives and policy implications for Vietnam” was officially launched to research. This study is conducted in order to bring an overall picture of regional tourism market in ASEAN since the AEC is established and make some recommendations for Vietnam of how to adapt with a new context – establishment of the AEC 2. Research objectives This thesis attempts to observe the regional intra tourism market in ASEAN before and after the establishment of the AEC so as to suggest effective policy for attracting visitors to Vietnam in the case of establishing the AEC. The following questions will be answered: Why is regional tourism more important than other kinds of tourism in ASEAN? How is the status quo of regional tourism market in ASEAN before forming the AEC? How will ASEAN regional intra tourism market be after establishing the AEC? What are the benefits as well as challenges that AEC brings to Vietnam regional tourism market? What can be implemented to develop tourism in Vietnam in the context of establishing the AEC? 3. Research methods www.ThiNganHang.com S Á C H – T À I L I Ệ U T H I T U Y Ể N Trang 2
3 My research is conducted by a number of methods namely comparison, description, interpretation, synthesis. Data and information are mostly obtained from the empirical studies of prior researchers, statistics and materials from existing reports as well as prestigious websites. 4. Scope of the thesis My graduation thesis will focus on the following points: Observing the regional intra tourism in ASEAN in previous years Studying the AEC and its role in boosting regional tourism, perspectives that regional tourism in ASEAN will be after establishing the AEC Examining the current tourism situation in Vietnam in terms of policy, the numbers of intra – ASEAN visitors coming to Vietnam Give some policy implications for Vietnamese tourism in order to adapt with new context when forming the AEC 5. Structure of the thesis My thesis is divided into three chapters as following: Chapter 1 commences with the theoretical background of regional intra tourism by providing a variety of definitions and concepts related to tourism. Some theoretical models as well as determinants to build up regional tourism market will also be mentioned. The other part of chapter 1 brings an overview of the impacts of regional economic integration to regional tourism market. In the final part of the first chapter, experiences from some countries which successfully develop regional intra tourism market in the context of regional economic integration will be introduced. Chapter 2 firstly presents the background about the AEC by introducing in detail its characteristics which are considered to be greatly affected to regional tourism market. The next part covers the situation of regional intra tourism market in ASEAN before the AEC establishment. Then perspectives of regional intra tourism market in ASEAN after forming the AEC are analyzed accordingly. Chapter 3 studies the situation of intra – ASEAN tourists to Vietnam as well as the status quo of tourism infrastructure, human resource. After that, orientations www.ThiNganHang.com S Á C H – T À I L I Ệ U T H I T U Y Ể N Trang 3
앞 10페이지만 표시됩니다. 전체를 보려면 자료를 다운로드하세요.
댓글이 없습니다. 첫 댓글을 남겨보세요!
댓글 (0)
댓글이 없습니다. 첫 댓글을 남겨보세요!