GenreGenre Comprehension SkillComprehension Skill Text FeaturesText Features Science ContentScience Content Nonfi ctionNonfi ction SequenceSequence • Captions• Captions TechnologyTechnology • Labels• Labels • Text Box• Text Box • Glossary• Glossary Scott Foresman Science 3.17Scott Foresman Science 3.17 ì<(sk$m)=bdifhj<ì<(sk$m)=bdifhj<ISBNISBN 0-328-13857-60-328-13857-6 +^-Ä-U-Ä-U+^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Vocabulary What did you learn? computer invention 1. What invention changed the way technology mail was delivered in the United tool States in the 1860s? 2. What technology helps meteorologists do their job? How? by Jessica Quilty 3. What is a wind farm? 4. In this book you have read about computers. Write to explain how computers are used today. Include examples from the book. Picture Credits 5. Sequence List the steps that Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. must take place for food from other Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). 3 Corbis; 4 Franco Vogt/Corbis; 6 Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis; 7 Getty Images; 10 Getty Images; 12 Getty Images; countries to reach a grocery store in 14 Kevin Schafer/Corbis; 15 Roy Morsch/Corbis; 16 Getty Images; 18 Ariel Skelley/Corbis; 19 Getty Images; 20 (CR) Getty the United States. Images; 21 (TL) Honda; 22 Getty Images; 23 Getty Images, (BL) Michael A. Keller/Corbis. Scott Foresman/Dorling Kindersley would also like to thank: 2 Natural History Museum/DK Images; 8 NASA/DK Images. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson. ISBN: 0-328-13857-6 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
People decided that an invention was needed to communicate. An invention is something created for the first time. The Pony Express was invented in the 1860s. A hammer is a tool. The Pony Express used horses and riders to carry mail across the country. This way, Technology mail could be delivered between Missouri and California. Many riders and horses In Our Lives followed a schedule to move mail across the country. The invention Ways to Improve of the Pony Express made it possible for people The United States was less than one hundred living in the West to years old in the 1860s. Parts of the country still communicate with needed to be explored. Many people moved people living in westward to do this. the East. But they still needed to communicate with New tools and people living in the East. People started thinking technology are about how to do this. How could they used to communicate communicate? Would a tool help? Was an today. Airplanes and invention needed? other machines move Tools help people do jobs more easily. A tool mail around the can also help people think of new ways of doing whole world. things. Technology is the use of knowledge to create new tools and new ways of doing things. The Pony Express 2 3
Technology at Home The electrical system also helps you Many systems work together in your home. communicate. This technology makes Just think about all the technology at work in it possible for you to use the telephone your home every day. Your home is made up and the Internet. of walls and a roof. The walls are part of the How many telephones framing system. The framing system works with do you have in your house? the roofing system to protect your home from Are the telephones the the weather. When you watch TV or play a video same or different? game, the electrical system is at work. When you Some telephones have wash your hands, the electrical system works cords. Others are with the plumbing system. These systems work cordless. A cordless together to bring you hot, running water. telephone can be taken all over your house. Technology helps people keep in touch with each other. A TV uses electricity. 4 5
Past, Present, And Future Technologies Technology has affected many parts of modern life. Just think about transportation. Today people use cars. What types of transportation did people use before there were cars? A long time ago, people used horses and buggies to travel. Many people also used trains. But these types of transportation were slow. Trains and cars are very fast today. Sometimes you see superfast trains and cars in movies. Camera technology helps produce today’s movies. People have been enjoying movies for a long time. Many technologies are used in movies. Movies today are loud, exciting, and colorful. But the first moving pictures were silent. They were also black and white. Soon, technology made color movies possible. This was very expensive at first. As technology improved, more movies were made in color. Before sound was added, people listened to live organ music during movies. In the 1800s people traveled using horses and buggies. 6 7
New Technologies It is very difficult to see in the dark. But special technology makes this possible. People Extending Our Senses can use night vision goggles to see in the dark. These goggles use two different technologies. Many people use technology in their jobs. One technology uses heat. Objects, such as Meteorologists are scientists who study the people, give off heat. The goggles sense the weather. One tool that helps them do their job heat and create a picture from it. The other is a weather satellite. Weather satellites orbit technology uses tiny amounts of light. Earth. They have solar panels on them. The People cannot see this light, panels make power, so the satellites can take but the goggles can detect it. pictures or video. Then the satellites send the Then they make an pictures or video of clouds, storms, and other image from the weather back to Earth. There, meteorologists light large enough study the pictures. Then they can tell people for people to see. what weather is coming. It’s helpful to know if it’s going to snow or rain so you can stay warm and dry. Night vision goggles help Weather satellite people to see in the dark. 8 9
Sorting Information You have probably noticed that computers are MP3 players everywhere! A computer stores, processes, and use computer sends electronic information really quickly. chips. They Computers make many parts of daily life easier. allow people to download music People use computers to sort and organize all from a computer. kinds of information. You may use a computer to do your homework. Your school may use a computer to keep track of your grades. Your doctor may use a computer to record any sicknesses you have had. Many people use computers at work. Computer chips are used in many objects too. These tiny chips are found in MP3 players. People must use a computer to put music onto an MP3 player. Then they can take music with them wherever they go. The small player can hold hours of music. The computer chip inside makes it possible to organize the music. People can sort the music by their favorite songs, their favorite musician, or their favorite type of music. 10 11
Technologies for Moving Goods Roads and highways are used every day. Our highway system makes it possible for people to travel. How do you get to school each day? You may ride a school bus. Or your parents may drive you. The bus and the car both travel on roads to reach your school. People and goods travel on highways and on water. Millions of products travel on our roads and highways too. Some of the food found in grocery stores comes from Groceries can come from far away. far away. Sometimes people load food onto trucks at a farm. Other times people load it onto ships in other countries first. Then the food is loaded onto trucks. The trucks travel on highways to the grocery stores. Then people unload it. Finally, the food is put out in the store for people to buy. 12 13
Surprise Discoveries Walter E. Diemer Sometimes scientists and inventors are worked for a chewing surprised by their results. Once in a while the gum company called results led to an unexpected discovery or new Fleer. Diemer was a technology. Did you know bubblegum was businessman. But he a surprise discovery? liked experimenting In 1869, Thomas Adams invented chewing with chewing gum gum. He made it out of a substance called recipes at home. In chicle. Adams tried to use chicle to make many 1928, while working different things. He even tried to make bicycle on a new recipe for tires out of it. Chewing gum became very chewing gum, he popular. Many companies started making it. accidentally created You could not blow bubbles a gum that stretched. with it though. Diemer realized he could even blow Bubblegum Chicle is sap from the sapodilla tree. bubbles with it! This discovery became known as bubblegum. The first batch was pink because that was the only food coloring Diemer had. Most bubblegum today is still pink! For anyone who loves to chew gum and blow bubbles, this was a great surprise discovery. 14 15
Technology For centuries people have burned wood to And Energy create heat for cooking and warmth. Although most people today use electricity for these things, many still burn wood when camping. Today coal, oil, and natural gas are burned to make heat and electricity. Dead trees, sawdust, and even paper products that cannot be recycled again can also be burned. This creates heat that can be used to make electricity. Families cook on open fires when camping. Using Energy Think about how easy it is to use electricity today. If you need to use an electrical appliance, all you have to do is plug it into an electrical outlet. Then the energy is supplied. If you need to do some homework on a computer, all you need to do is turn the computer on. But it has not always been that easy. 16 17
Producing Electricity The resources of wind and water were used in the past to create energy. These resources are still used today, but in much different ways. In the past, a farmer often had one windmill on a farm. It used wind energy to do simple things, such as pump water. Today there are giant wind farms with lots of windmills. These new windmills use wind energy to create electricity. Wind farms produce energy. Waterpower is used to make energy. People have been using the power of rushing water for a very long time. In the past, rushing water turned waterwheels. The waterwheels could power things, such as saws in lumber mills. Today, giant hydroelectric power dams are built to block river water. This water can be released. The rushing water turns modern waterwheels that make energy. Then this energy can be turned into electricity. 18 19
Technology and Energy Production New technologies such as wind farms and hydroelectric power dams are very exciting. But they are also very expensive. Often, they do not create enough power and electricity for everyone to use. This means we still need to burn fossil fuels, such as coal or oil, at power plants. Burning these resources is less expensive and creates lots of power and electricity. However, burning fossil fuels also creates more pollution than many of This hybrid car uses less gas and creates less pollution. the newer technologies. Scientists and inventors are working hard to find ways of creating power and electricity that are inexpensive, make enough electricity for everyone, and pollute the environment less. A car is a good example. For a long time, most cars only used Power Plant Hydroelectric Dam gasoline. But burning gasoline pollutes the • less expensive • more expensive environment. Today there are cars that use • creates lots of • does not create as both gasoline and electricity. These cars are power much power called hybrids. Some of the time they use • can pollute the • can pollute the gasoline, but other times they use electricity environment more environment less and create less pollution. 20 21
Why Is technology important? The role technology plays in changing our Technology has even improved entertainment. world is very important. Technology can be as Movies today are amazing to watch because of simple as a hammer, or as complicated as a sound, color, and special effects. Computers and weather satellite. computer chips have made MP3 players possible. The Pony Express made communication All kinds of technologies are important! possible over long distances in the 1860s. Today technology in our home keeps us safe from weather, provides hot, running water, and helps MP3 players use us communicate. Technology has changed computer chips to transportation in many ways. We have gone store information. from horses and buggies to hybrid cars. 22 23
Vocabulary What did you learn? Glossary computer invention 1. What invention changed the way computer an electronic machine that mail was delivered in the United technology can store, recall, or process tool States in the 1860s? information 2. What technology helps invention something made for the first time meteorologists do their job? How? technology the use of knowledge to design 3. What is a wind farm? new tools and new ways of doing things 4. In this book you have read about computers. tool something used to do work Write to explain how computers are used today. Include examples from the book. Picture Credits 5. Sequence List the steps that Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions. must take place for food from other Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd). 3 Corbis; 4 Franco Vogt/Corbis; 6 Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis; 7 Getty Images; 10 Getty Images; 12 Getty Images; countries to reach a grocery store in 14 Kevin Schafer/Corbis; 15 Roy Morsch/Corbis; 16 Getty Images; 18 Ariel Skelley/Corbis; 19 Getty Images; 20 (CR) Getty the United States. Images; 21 (TL) Honda; 22 Getty Images; 23 Getty Images, (BL) Michael A. Keller/Corbis. Scott Foresman/Dorling Kindersley would also like to thank: 2 Natural History Museum/DK Images; 8 NASA/DK Images. Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the copyright © of Dorling Kindersley, a division of Pearson. ISBN: 0-328-13857-6 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 0524
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