VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FALCUTY OF AGRONOMY UNDERGRADUATE THESIS TITLE: EFFECT OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN VARIETY VNUAD2 IN WINTER SEASON 2021 Student: LE DUC HIEN ID: 620010 Class: K62KHCTT Supervisor: Senior lecturer, Dr. VU THI THUY HANG Department: PLANT GENETICS AND BREEDING HA NOI – March, 2021
DECLARATION I hereby declare that this paper is my own work. All results and data in this thesis are absolutely honest and have not been submitted before to any institution for assessment purposes. All sources used in this paper were cited in references. Hanoi, 10th March 2022 Student Lê Đức Hiền i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To complete this thesis, I am deeply indebted to people who have been providing me with precious support and advice. Firstly, I would like to send my gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Vu Thi Thuy Hang, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, for her enthusiastic support, helpful advice and considerable encouragement in the completion of my thesis. I would also like to express sincere thanks to the lecturers from the Faculty of Agronomy in general and lecturers in the Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding in particular, who taught and created best conditions for students during learning process and research. I would like to give special thanks to Dr. Vu Ngoc Thang, Ms. Phạm Thị Ly and Mr. Hoàng Đức Nhật Linh for their helpful technical supports. Last but not least, I want to express my sincere thanks to my family and friends who have always been by my side, give me support and strength to complete this graduation thesis. ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES.............................................................................................. vi ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ vii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1 1.1. Background .................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Objective and requirements............................................................................ 2 1.2.1. Objective ..................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2. Requirements............................................................................................... 2 PART II: LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................... 3 2.1. Classification, origin of soybean.................................................................... 3 2.1.1. Origin of soybean........................................................................................ 3 2.1.2. Classification of soybean ............................................................................ 4 2.2. Soybean production in the world ................................................................... 4 2.3. Soybean production in Vietnam..................................................................... 8 2.4. Values of soybean ........................................................................................ 11 2.5. Fertilizer application in soybean production................................................ 12 2.5.1. General principles of fertilizer application ............................................... 12 2.5.2. Research on fertilizer application for soybean in the world ..................... 14 2.5.3. Research on fertilizer application for soybean in Vietnam....................... 17 CHAPTER III. MATERIALS AND METHOD................................................. 21 3.1. Plant materials .............................................................................................. 21 3.2. Location and time.........................................................................................21 3.3. Experimental design.....................................................................................21 3.4. Cultural practices..........................................................................................23 3.5. Trait measurements......................................................................................23 iii
3.5.1. Growth and development characters......................................................... 23 3.5.2. Yield components and yield...................................................................... 25 3.6. Evaluation of disease and pest damage and lodging resistance of VNUAD2 .................................................................................................... 25 3.7. Data analysis ................................................................................................ 26 CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.................................................. 27 4.1. Effects of fertilizers on growth of VNUAD2 variety in winter season 2021.... 27 4.2 Effects of fertilizers on fresh weight of VNUAD2 variety in winter season 2021 at different growth stages ....................................................... 29 4.3. Effects of fertilizer on dry weight of VNUAD2 variety in winter season 2021 at different growth stages ................................................................... 34 4.4. Effects of fertilizers on nodule formation of VNUAD2 variety in winter season 2021 at different growth stages ....................................................... 38 4.5. Effects of fertilizer on leaf area and leaf area index of VNUAD2 variety in winter season 2021 at different growth stages........................................ 41 4.6. Effects of fertilizers on yield components of VNUAD2 variety in winter season 2021 ................................................................................................. 43 4.7. Effect of fertilizers on individual yield and yield of VNUAD2 variety in winter season 2021...................................................................................... 47 4.8. Effects of fertilizers on disease, pest damage and lodging resistance of VNUAD2 variety in winter season 2021 .................................................... 49 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ................................... 51 5.1. Conclusions .................................................................................................. 51 5.2. Suggestion .................................................................................................... 51 REFERENCES.................................................................................................... 52 A. Vietnamese references:................................................................................... 52 B. Foreign references:.........................................................................................53 SOME PICTURES ABOUT PROCESS CONDUCTED UNDERGRADUATE THESIS ....................................................................................................... 55 iv
LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1. Status of soybean production in the world in the period 2010- 2020....................................................................................................... 5 Table 2.2. Area, yield and production of soybeans of some countries in the period 2015-2020.................................................................................. 7 Table 2.3. Area, yield and production of soybean in Vietnam during 2010- 2020....................................................................................................... 9 Table 3.1. Measured traits for VNUAD2 in winter season 2021 ....................... 24 Table 3.2. Yield components and yield measurement for VNUAD2 in winter season 2021 ......................................................................................... 25 Table 3.3. Evaluation of disease and pest damage and lodging resistance of soybean................................................................................................ 26 Table 4.1. Effects of fertilizers on growth of VNUAD2 variety in winter season 2021 ......................................................................................... 28 Table 4.2. Effects of fertilizers on fresh weight of VNUAD2 variety in winter season 2021 at different growth stages.................................... 31 Table 4.3. Effects of fertilizer on dry weight of VNUAD2 variety in winter season 2021 at different growth stages ............................................... 35 Table 4.4. Effects of fertilizer on nodules of VNUAD2 variety in winter season 2021 at different growth stages ............................................... 39 Table 4.5. Effects of fertilizer on leaf area and leaf area index (LAI) of VNUAD2 variety in winter season 2021 at different growth stages .. 42 Table 4.6. Effects of fertilizers on yield components of VNUAD2 variety in winter season 2021.............................................................................. 45 Table 4.7. Effects of fertilizers on individual yield and yield of VNUAD2 variety in winter season 2021 ............................................................. 48 Table 4.8. Effects of fertilizers on disease, pest damage and lodging resistance of VNUAD2 variety in winter season 2021....................... 49 v
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1. Growth of VNUAD2 at different fertilizer treatment at podding stage..................................................................................................... 33 Figure 4.2. Nodule formation of VNUAD2 at different fertilizer treatment ...... 41 vi
ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the most suitable levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers for growth and yield of soybean variety VNUAD2. The experiment design split plot design with 3 replications. Three levels of nitrogen (40, 50 and 60 kg/ha) and four levels of potassium (60, 80, 100 and 120 kg/ha) were applied. Plant density was of 50 plants/m², with 2 rows/plot and plot size of 5 m2. Measured traits included growth characters such as plant height, height of first pod insertion, number of leaves, nodes and primary branches on main stem, dry and fresh weight of plants, nodule formation, yield components and yield. Pest and disease resistance and lodging resistance were also recorded. Results showed that the growth parameters were affected by different fertilizer rates. The amount of nitrogen at the level of 50 kg/ha and the amount of potassium at the level of 100 kg/ha resulted in higher plant height, first pod insert height, number of nodes, number of leaves, and number of primary branches. Different rates of nitrogen and potassium also affect fresh and dry weight stem and roots, nodule characters and leaf areas at different growth stages. The level of 50 kg/ha of nitrogen and 100 kg/ha of potassium provided the higher values than other rates. Besides, the leaf area and leaf area index reached the high values at the application of 60 kg/ha of nitrogen and 80 kg/ha of potassium at the fruiting stage. Yield components were also affected by different rates of fertilizer application. Individual yield and yield achieved significantly high values when fertilizer was applied at 50 kg/ha for nitrogen and at 100 kg/ha for potassium. vii
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