TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI KỸ THUẬT LẬP TRÌNH HỆ CƠ ĐIỆN TỬ Programming Engineering in Mechatronics Giảng viên: TS. Trương Công Tuấn Đơn vị: Bộ môn Cơ điện tử, Viện Cơ khí 1 Chapter V. Hardware Interface Programming  1. Introduction  2. Serial Port  3. Read Data  4. Send Data  5. Real-Time Data Transfer 2 1. Introduction  A hardware interface specifies the plugs, sockets, cables and electrical signals that pass through each line between the CPU and a peripheral device or communications network.  The CPU socket on the motherboard determines which CPU chips can be used in the computer.  Peripheral cards, such as a high-end graphics cards, plug into the bus on the motherboard. The most common buses are PCI and PCI Express. https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/51988/standards-hardware-interfaces 3 1. Introduction  The most widely used hardware interface for attaching external devices to computers is USB. It connects printers, cameras, music players, flash drives and auxiliary hard and optical drives.  FireWire is also used for camcorders and hard disks.  In addition, SATA is a common hard drive and optical drive interface.  The GPIB IEEE 488 standard is used for process control instruments.  The de facto standard for connecting devices to local networks (LANs) is Ethernet, which is also used to hook up a cable or DSL modem. https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/51988/standards-hardware-interfaces 4 2. Serial Port  Serial ports provide an easy way to communicate between many types of hardware and your computer.  They are relatively simple to use and are very common among peripherals and especially DIY projects.  Many platforms such as Arduino have built in serial communication so they are really easy to set up and use.  Many times you may want your project to communicate with your computer in order to have a cool interactive output, a neat sensor that passes data to your computer, or anything else you could possibly dream up. 5 2.