Page 2
A Published by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, of McGraw-Hill Education, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Two Penn Plaza, New York, New York 10121. Copyright © by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 079 11 10 09 08 07
Page 3
Writing Contents 7 Personal Narrative 8 Literature Models 10 Features of Personal Narrative 12 Writing Process 12 Prewrite 14 Research and Inquiry 16 Draft 18 Revise 22 Proofread/Edit 24 Publish 26 Writing Rubric 27 Persuasive Writing 28 Literature Models 30 Features of Persuasive Writing 32 Writing Process 32 Prewrite 34 Research and Inquiry 36 Draft 38 Revise 42 Proofread/Edit 44 Publish 46 Writing Rubric 47 Fictional Narrative: A Story 48 Literature Models 50 Features of a Story 52 Writing Process 52 Prewrite 54 Research and Inquiry 56 Draft 58 Revise 62 Proofread/Edit 64 Publish 66 Writing Rubric 3
Page 4
Writing 67 Expository Writing: A How-To 68 Literature Models 70 Features of How-to Writing 72 Writing Process 72 Prewrite 74 Research and Inquiry 76 Draft 78 Revise Contents82 Proofread/Edit 84 Publish 86 Writing Rubric 87 Expository Writing: Writing That Compares 88 Literature Models 90 Features of Writing That Compares 92 Writing Process 92 Prewrite 94 Research and Inquiry 96 Draft 98 Revise 102 Proofread/Edit 104 Publish 106 Writing Rubric 107 Expository Writing: Research Report 108 Literature Models 110 Features of Expository Writing: Research Report 112 Writing Process 112 Prewrite 114 Research and Inquiry 116 Draft 118 Revise 122 Proofread/Edit 124 Publish 126 Writing Rubric 4
Page 5
Writing Contents 128 Composition 128 Main Idea and Supporting Details 129 Organization 130 Leads and Endings 131 Writing Descriptions 132 Outlining 133 Beginning, Middle, End 134 Writing Forms 134 Poem 135 Business Letter 136 Play 137 Editorial Grammar 138 Grammar and Usage 138 Sentences 141 Nouns 144 Verbs 151 Pronouns 154 Adjectives 156 Adverbs 158 Mechanics 158 Abbreviations 160 Capitalization 163 Punctuation 166 Extra Practice 5
Page 6
Build Skills 222 Study Skills 222 Dictionary 223 Card Catalog 224 Parts of a Book 225 Note-taking and Summarizing 226 Library Catalog Menu 227 Periodicals 228 Graphs Contents229 Internet: Online Search 230 Encyclopedia 231 Telephone Directory 232 Thesaurus 233 Map/Atlas 234 Vocabulary 240 Spelling Troubleshooter 244 Troubleshooter 244 Correcting Sentence Fragments 246 Correcting Run-on Sentences 248 Confusing Plurals and Possessives 250 Lack of Subject-Verb Agreement 252 Incorrect Verb Forms 254 Incorrect Use of Pronouns 256 Incorrect Use of Adjectives 6
Page 8
Literature Models Personal Narrative A personal narrative is a true story that you tell about yourself. When you write a personal narrative, you tell about something that happened to you and TH NK how you felt about it. ANDWRITE Learning from Writers Purpose Read the following examples of personal narrative. Why do you think What stories do the writers tell? Why do you think people write personal they wanted to share their experiences? As you read, narratives? Explain notice how each author tells about feelings. what you think in your journal. Also tell why people like to read them. The last time I saw him, my grandfather said that he longed to see California one more time. He never did. And when I was nearly grown, I left home and went to see California for myself. After a time, I came to love the land my grandfather had loved, and I stayed on and on until I had a daughter of my own. But I also miss the mountains and rivers of my childhood. I miss my old friends. So I return now and then, when I can not still the longing in my heart. The funny thing is, the moment I am in one country, I am homesick for the other. — Allen Say, from Grandfather's Journey 8
Page 9
Literature Models The Canoe Trip That Never Happened Last summer, my mom and my aunt suggested we go canoeing on the Green River. I was excited! Before we left, we bought a new tent and life jackets. We studied maps and planned where we should camp each night. Early one morning, we packed up the car and drove to the Green River. Surprise! The river was brown and full of trash. There had been so much rain, it was flooding. Our careful plans were ruined. We stayed in motels and visited museums. It was okay, but not as much fun as canoeing. I hope we can try again next year. — Maryann Kopek PRACTICE AND APPLY Thinking Like a Reader Thinking Like a Writer 1. Name three events in Allen 3. How did the author let you Say’s narrative in the order know the order of events in they happened. “A Man of Two Countries”? 2. How did Maryann Kopek 4. What words did Maryann feel before and after the Kopek use to show how canoe trip? she felt? 5. Reading Across Texts Compare the beginning paragraphs of the two personal narratives. Write about how they are alike and different. 9
Page 10
Literature Models Features of Personal Narrative DEFINITIONS AND FEATURES A personal narrative is writing that tells a true story about your own life. A good personal narrative: ▶ Tells a story from the writer’s personal experience using words like I, my, and me. ▶ Expresses the writer’s feelings. ▶ Has an interesting beginning, middle, and ending. ▶ Uses time-order words to share events in the order they happened. ▶ A Personal Experience Reread “A Man of Two Countries” on page 8. Who is the story about? So I return now and then, when I can not still the longing in my heart. The words I and my let you know that the author is telling about an experience in his own life. ▶ The Writer’s Feelings What words does the author use to tell you about his feelings? But I also miss the mountains and rivers of my childhood. I miss my old friends. When the author says, “I miss my old friends,” you can tell he is feeling sad. 10
Page 11
Literature Models ▶ An Interesting Beginning, Middle, and Ending How does Allen Say catch your attention with this beginning? The last time I saw him, my grandfather said that he longed to see California one more time. This beginning may make you wonder why his grandfather’s wish was important to the author. Why is the following sentence a good ending? The funny thing is, the moment I am in one country, I am homesick for the other. ▶ Time-Order Words To help your reader clearly understand what happened, use time-order words and phrases such as at first, then, last week, and finally. After a time, I came to love the land my grandfather had loved . . . What time-order phrase did the author use? ?^Zmnk^l >qZfie^l PRACTICE AND APPLY Create a Features Chart 1. List the features of a good personal narrative. 2. Reread “The Canoe Trip That Never Happened” by Maryann Kopek on page 9. 3. Write one example of each feature in Maryann’s writing. 4. Write what you liked about Maryann’s personal narrative. 11
Page 12
Personal Narrative Prewrite A personal narrative is a true story about yourself. Writing a personal narrative gives you a chance to tell about your own life. Purpose and Audience The purpose for writing a personal narrative is to P R O C E S SP R O C E S S share how you feel about an experience in your life. It is also to entertain your readers, or audience. Before you begin to write, think about your audience. Who will be reading your story? How can you help your readers get to know you? Choose a Topic TH NK ANDWRITE Begin by brainstorming a list of people who are special to you. Choose one person to write about. Audience Then explore ideas by listing what you remember How will you help about being with this person. your readers know how you feel about a special person? Write your answer. Aunt Jane I explored Aunt Jane is fun my ideas by Lets me try new things making a list. Taught me how to swim Let me feed baby Alex Alex spit out the food 12
Page 13
Organize • Clustering PREWRITE Your narrative will have two main parts. First, you will tell about a special person. Then you will DRAFT tell about something that happened when you were REVISE with that person. To plan your narrative, you can use a cluster map. How did this writer organize the PROOFREAD ideas from his list? PUBLISH C L U S T E R M A P Aunt Jane fun EgZlg^i^c\ let me feed Baby Alex ■ Have you thought about your purpose doesn't mind mistakes and audience? ■ Have you chosen one person and Alex spit out the food event to tell about? ■ Have you made a lets me try new things list of ideas about the person and the We laughed experience? ■ Are your ideas organized in a taught me how to swim cluster map? ■ Do you need to do any research? PRACTICE AND APPLY Plan Your Own Personal Narrative 1. Think about your purpose and audience. 2. Choose a topic. 3. Brainstorm ideas about your topic. 4. Organize your ideas. 13
Page 14
Personal Narrative Prewrite • Research and Inquiry ▶ Writer’s Resources You may need to get more information for your personal narrative. Make a list of questions. Then decide where you can find the answers. P R O C E S S What Else Do I Need Where Can I Find the to Know? Information? What was Alex eating? E-mail Aunt Jane to find out. Are there better words to Look in the dictionary. describe what happened? ▶ Conduct an Interview An interview is a conversation. One person asks questions and the other person answers. An interview can take place in person, in writing, on the telephone, or by e-mail. STRATEGIES FOR INTERVIEWING • Know what you want to ask. Write down your questions. • Take notes so you can remember the answers. • Be polite and friendly. Always thank the person at the end of an interview. ."*-."9 OFX SFBE GJMF QSJOU TBWF EFMFUF Aunt Jane, do you remember the first time I tried to feed Alex? What was that orange food in the jar? Timmy, it was strained squash. 14
Page 15
▶ Use a Dictionary PREWRITE You can find the spelling and meanings of words in a dictionary. Use alphabetical order to find words. DRAFT Sometimes the dictionary meaning of a word can tell REVISE you other ways to say the same thing. Use Your Research PROOFREAD ▶ New information gathered from your research PUBLISH can go into your cluster map. This writer learned two things from his research. How did he change his map? let me feed Baby Alex doesn't mind mistakes strained squash Alex spit out the food GZhZVgX] The squash came VcY>cfj^gn lets me try new things shooting out. ■ Did you list your questions? P A ■ Did you identify RACTICE AND PPLY possible resources? Review Your Plan ■ Did you take notes? 1. Look at your cluster map. 2. List questions you have about your topic. 3. Identify the resources you will need to find answers. 4. Add new information you gather to your map. 15
Page 16
Personal Narrative Draft Before you begin writing your personal narrative, review the cluster map you made. Think about making a paragraph for each main idea. Include details that support each main idea. P R O C E S S Main idea for second C L U S T E R M A P paragraph: What happened at Main idea for first my aunt’s. paragraph: Why I like Aunt Jane visiting Aunt Jane. fun let me feed Baby Alex Drafting doesn't mind mistakes ■ Does your narrative strained squash fit your purpose and audience? Alex spit out the food ■ Have you included The squash came your thoughts and lets me try new things shooting out. feelings? ■ Have you written a We laughed good beginning? ■ Have you included details that will taught me how to swim help readers feel as This idea can be though they were a good ending. there? ■ Does your narrative have an interesting ending? 16
Page 17
Look at how this writer used the ideas in his PREWRITE cluster map to write a first draft. He added details about Aunt Jane in the first paragraph. Then he DRAFT told about something that happened when he was REVISE with her. PROOFREAD DRAFT Main idea PUBLISH of first This is about my Aunt Jane. Keeps me busy all paragraph the time. We have a lot of fun together, even when Supporting details tell about I make mistakes. She lets me try new things. She the writer's aunt. even taught me how to swim. Main idea of second paragraph One time a very funny thing happened. Baby Alex was hungry. Aunt Jane asked, "Do you want to try feeding him." So we put Alex into his high Supporting chair. We got out a jar of strained squash. details tell what happened. I spooned some into Alex's mouth. It came shooting right back out! It got all over me. Alex made a funny face Aunt Jane and I just laughed and laughed. TECHNOLOGY Find out how to PRACTICE AND APPLY change line spacing on your computer. Draft Your Own Personal Narrative It’s a good idea to 1. Review your prewriting cluster map. double space your draft so that you 2. Write about how you felt. have room to write 3. Tell about things in the order they happened. in changes after you print it out. 17
Page 18
Personal Narrative Revise Elaborate One way to improve your writing is to elaborate. When you elaborate, you add important ideas and details that create a clear picture for the reader. When you revise your personal narrative, you may P R O C E S S need to tell more about your feelings. The writer added a detail that helps the reader know how he feels. I love to visit This is about my Aunt Jane. TIME-ORDER WORDS The writer added a description of where the food first went to help the reader picture what happened. next then later my clothes. It was even in my hair. after It got all over me. last before as soon as Word Choice finally When you write, it is important to choose just the this morning right words for your topic and audience. yesterday In a personal narrative, you need to find words last summer tomorrow that will help you tell the events in the order they a long time ago happened. First, Then So we put Alex into his high chair. We got out a jar of strained squash. 18
Page 19
Better Sentences PREWRITE As you are revising your draft, read your sentences aloud. How do they sound? Have you DRAFT used different kinds of sentences? You can change REVISE the rhythm of your writing by combining two sentences. PROOFREAD Use and to connect two related sentences. PUBLISH , and We got out a jar of strained squash. I spooned some into Alex's mouth. PRACTICE AND APPLY Revise Your Own Personal Narrative 1. Add details that will make your writing clearer and more interesting. 2. Use words that help the reader know exactly how TECHNOLOGY you felt. Learn how to cut 3. Take out information that isn't necessary. and paste on the computer so that 4. Grammar Should you combine any sentences? you can easily move sentences and parts of sentences when you revise. 19
Page 20
Personal Narrative Revise • Peer Conferencing Read the first draft of your personal narrative aloud to your partner. Your partner may give you some new ideas and suggestions. How do you P R O C E S Sfeel about Aunt This is about my Aunt Jane. Keeps me busy all Jane? the time. We have a lot of fun together, even when I make mistakes. She lets me try new things. She This detail even taught me how to swim. belongs in another story. One time a very funny thing happened. Baby Alex was hungry. Aunt Jane asked, "Do you want to try feeding him." So we put Alex into his high chair. When did this happen? We got out a jar of strained squash. I spooned some into Alex's mouth. It came shooting right back out! It got all over me. Alex made a funny face Aunt This ending makes me smile. Jane and I just laughed and laughed. Conferencing for the Reader ■ Did your partner include features of a personal narrative? • personal experience and feelings • interesting beginning, middle, and ending • time-order words ■ Tell your partner what is good about the piece, as well as what could be better. 20
Affichage des 20 premières pages. Téléchargez le document pour le voir en entier.
Commentaires (0)
Aucun commentaire pour le moment. Soyez le premier !