HIGH-INTERESTHIGH-INTEREST S K I L L S & S T R AT E G I E SS K I L L S & S T R AT E G I E S Antonyms s/ Sy nym rts of Sp Pr no e Pa ee eci ic ch se W Cho ord ns / Acrony tio ms via Abbre Skills nary ctio s Di ord M g W ultiple-MeanMin 8LEVEL 8 100 REPRODUCIBLE ACTIVITIES
VBUILDING OCABULARY SKILLS & STRATEGIES LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4 LEVEL 5 LEVEL 6 LEVEL 7 ➬ LEVEL 8 Development and Production: Laurel Associates, Inc. Cover Design: Image Quest, Inc. Three Watson Irvine, CA 92618-2767 Website: www.sdlback.com Copyright © 2004 by Saddleback Educational Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher, with the exception below. Pages labeled with the statement Saddleback Educational Publishing © 2004 are intended for reproduction. Saddleback Publishing, Inc. grants to individual purchasers of this book the right to make sufficient copies of reproducible pages for use by all students of a single teacher. This permission is limited to a single teacher, and does not apply to entire schools or school systems. ISBN-10: 1-56254-726-7 ISBN-13: 978-1-56254-726-4 eBook: 978-1-60291-127-7 Printed in the United States of America 10 09 08 07 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Compound Words: In and Out 1 . . . . . . .38 English Vocabularies: Formal, Compound Words: In and Out 2 . . . . . . .39 Informal, and Slang 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Compound Words: Up and Down 1 . . . .40 English Vocabularies: Formal, Compound Words: Up and Down 2 . . . .41 Informal, and Slang 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Compound Words: Over and Under 1 . . .42 Using the Dictionary 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Compound Words: Over and Under 2 . . .43 Using the Dictionary 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Choosing Precise Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . .44 Information in a Dictionary Entry 1 . . . .10 Choosing Precise Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . .45 Information in a Dictionary Entry 2 . . . .11 Greek Roots 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Denotation and Connotation 1 . . . . . . . .12 Greek Roots 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Denotation and Connotation 2 . . . . . . . .13 Latin Roots 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Just for Fun: Dictionary Challenge 1 . . .14 Latin Roots 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Just for Fun: Dictionary Challenge 2 . . .15 Prefixes 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Pronunciation: Vowel Sounds 1 . . . . . . .16 Prefixes 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Pronunciation: Vowel Sounds 2 . . . . . . .17 Suffixes 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Pronunciation: Silent Letters 1 . . . . . . .18 Suffixes 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Pronunciation: Silent Letters 2 . . . . . . .19 Suffixes that Name People 1 . . . . . . . . .54 Pronunciation: Syllables and Suffixes that Name People 2 . . . . . . . . .55 Accent Marks 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Near Misses 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Pronunciation: Syllables and Accent Marks 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Near Misses 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Using Context Clues 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Synonyms: Nouns 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Using Context Clues 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Synonyms: Nouns 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Nouns: Getting Meaning from Synonyms: Verbs 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Context Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Synonyms: Verbs 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Verbs: Getting Meaning from Synonyms: Adjectives 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Context Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Synonyms: Adjectives 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Adjectives: Getting Meaning from Synonyms: Adverbs 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Context Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Synonyms: Adverbs 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Adverbs: Getting Meaning from Antonyms: Nouns 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Context Clues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Antonyms: Nouns 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Forms of a Word: Adjective to Noun 1 . .28 Antonyms: Verbs 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 Forms of a Word: Adjective to Noun 2 . .29 Antonyms: Verbs 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 Forms of a Word: Verb to Adjective 1 . . .30 Antonyms: Adjectives 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Forms of a Word: Verb to Adjective 2 . . .31 Antonyms: Adjectives 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 Forms of a Word: Noun to Verb 1 . . . . . .32 Antonyms: Adverbs 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Forms of a Word: Noun to Verb 2 . . . . . .33 Antonyms: Adverbs 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 Just for Fun: Word Ladders 1 . . . . . . . .34 Homophones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Just for Fun: Word Ladders 2 . . . . . . . .35 Homophone Riddles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Making Compound Words 1 . . . . . . . . . .36 Homographs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 Making Compound Words 2 . . . . . . . . . .37
Homophones and Homographs: 10-Letter Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . .108 Dictionary Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 10-Letter Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . .109 Recognizing Acronyms 1 . . . . . . . . . . . .78 11-Letter Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . .110 Recognizing Acronyms 2 . . . . . . . . . . . .79 11-Letter Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . .111 Clipped Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 12-Letter Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . .112 Clipped Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 12-Letter Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . .113 Word Families: -ology and -phobia 1 . . .82 13-Letter Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . .114 Word Families: -ology and -phobia 2 . . .83 13-Letter Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . .115 Foreign Words and Phrases 1 . . . . . . . . .84 Just for Fun: Explaining Why or Foreign Words and Phrases 2 . . . . . . . . .85 Why Not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Simple Idioms 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 Just for Fun: Exploring Big Words . . . .117 Simple Idioms 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 Literature Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 Interpreting Idioms 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 Literature Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 Interpreting Idioms 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Human Body Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .120 Explaining Idioms 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Human Body Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Explaining Idioms 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Geography Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Using Idioms in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . . .92 Geography Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Using Idioms in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . . .93 Earth Science Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 3-Letter Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . .94 Earth Science Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 3-Letter Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . .95 Physical Science Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . .126 4-Letter Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . .96 Physical Science Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . .127 4-Letter Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . .97 American History Words 1 . . . . . . . . . .128 5-Letter Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . . .98 American History Words 2 . . . . . . . . . .129 5-Letter Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . . .99 World History Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .130 6-Letter Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . .100 World History Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 6-Letter Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . .101 Art Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 7-Letter Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . .102 Art Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 7-Letter Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . .103 Essay Test Words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134 8-Letter Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . .104 Essay Test Words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 8-Letter Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . .105 Scope and Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 9-Letter Words in Context 1 . . . . . . . . .106 Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138 9-Letter Words in Context 2 . . . . . . . . .107
INTRODUCTION Welcome to BUILDING VOCABULARY SKILLS & STRATEGIES! We at Saddleback Publishing, Inc. are proud to introduce this important supplement to your basal language arts curriculum. Our goal in creating this series was twofold: to help on-level and below-level students build their “word power” in short incremental lessons, and to provide you, the teacher, with maximum flexibility in deciding when and how to assign these exercises. All lessons are reproducible. That makes them ideal for homework, extra credit assignments, cooperative learning groups, or focused drill practice for selected ESL or remedial students. A quick review of the book’s Table of Contents will enable you to individualize instruction according to the varied needs of your students. Correlated to the latest research and current language arts standards in most states, the instructional design of Building Vocabulary Skills & Strategies is unusually comprehensive for a supplementary program. All important concepts—ranging from primary-level phonics to the nuances of connotation— are thoroughly presented from the ground up. Traditional word attack strategies and “getting meaning from context clues” are dually emphasized. As all educators know, assessment and evaluation of student understanding and skill attainment is an ongoing process. Here again, reproducible lessons are ideal in that they can be used for both pre- and post-testing. We further suggest that you utilize the blank back of every copied worksheet for extra reinforcement of that lesson’s vocabulary; spelling tests or short writing assignments are two obvious options. You can use the Scope and Sequence chart at the back of each book for recording your ongoing evaluations. Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 8 • Saddleback Publishing, Inc., 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 5
ENGLISH VOCABULARIES: FORMAL, INFORMAL, AND SLANG 1 Are you aware that we use different kinds of language in different times and places? A. The formal words in the box are most often used in official documents and reports, literary works, and speeches. Use the dictionary to look up any words you don’t know. Then write each word next to the informal word with the same meaning. fatigued eschew residence encounter converse heinous procure incensed petulant inquire 1. ask _____________________________ 6. talk _____________________________ 2. tired ___________________________ 7. hateful __________________________ 3. home ___________________________ 8. get ______________________________ 4. avoid ___________________________ 9. grumpy __________________________ 5. angry ___________________________ 10. meet ____________________________ B. Circle a letter to identify the formal word that could replace the boldface informal word in each sentence. 1. Did you know that 3. Nicole takes great kangaroos are native pride in keeping to Australia? her new car clean. a. multitudinous a. immaculate b. acclimated b. adorned c. indigenous c. chaste 5. A drunk driver 2. The spy arranged for 4. The bullies forced the poses a real threat a secret meeting with younger boy to give them to other vehicles his informant. his lunch money. and pedestrians. a. clandestine a. enticed a. tipsy b. anonymous b. implored b. intoxicated c. pretentious c. coerced c. comatose 6 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 8 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com
ENGLISH VOCABULARIES: FORMAL, INFORMAL, AND SLANG 2 Informal English is the language used in newspapers, television, and almost all of our conversations. Most people use some slang expressions in casual conversations. While slang is vivid and interesting in speech, it is not acceptable in formal or informal writing. A. Write a slang expression from the box that has the same meaning as the boldface word or words. creamed dude nuthouse blockhead hitched spiffy busted greenbacks 1. I heard that Todd and Lisa got married ________________________ last month. 2. Did you know that Joshua’s cousin was sent to the insane asylum ________________________? 3. Walter is the guy ________________________ I met at wrestling camp. 4. We were surprised that Rita’s house was quite so elegant _______________________. 5. Our team got badly beaten ________________________ in the final game of the tournament. 6. Sooner or later, shoplifters are likely to get arrested ________________________. B. Use vowels (a, e, i, o, u ) to complete the words in the chart that have the same meaning. FORMAL INFORMAL SLANG 1. amiable ➪ friendly ➪ __ __ __ __ __ __c h m m y 2. verbose ➪ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __t l k t v ➪ mouthy 3. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __c c n t r c ➪ oddball ➪ weirdo 4. intellectual ➪ bookworm ➪ __ __ __ __ __ __ __g g h d 5. inform ➪ __ __ __ __ __ __t t t l ➪ squeal 6. __ __ __ __ __ __h r s s ➪ pester ➪ bug Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 8 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 7
USING THE DICTIONARY 1 What’s your best source of information about words? The good old dictionary! Scholar’s Even abridged (shortened) student dictionaries usually define about 50,000 STUDENT DICTIONARY words. That makes a big book! Here’s a trick to make the dictionary easier to •MORE THAN 200,000 clear, use. Think of a dictionary as having three parts, or sections. concise definitions •THOUSANDS of examples of words in actual use A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z •UPDATED biographical and geographical sections •HUNDREDS of synonyms Flip the pages and notice that these three sections are fairly equal in size. and word histories •FEATURES on usage, style, spelling, and more! So if you need to find a certain word, start looking in the appropriate section. A. Circle the word that correctly completes each sentence. 1. The word ( brevity / neutral ) is in the second section of the dictionary. 2. The word theory is defined in the ( second / third ) section. 3. To look up colonel, you would turn to the ( first / second ) section. 4. The more you practice, the easier it will be for you to ( quickly / slowly ) find the word you want! B. You know that words defined in the dictionary (entry words) are listed in alphabetical order. Practice your dictionary skills by listing the following words in alphabetical order. lustrous capacity nymph roster thesis rigor exemption congratulations phylum condemn lithe jargon optic gravitate victorious purport italic gird latitude opaque excursion 1. ______________________ 8. ______________________ 15. ______________________ 2. ______________________ 9. ______________________ 16. ______________________ 3. ______________________ 10. ______________________ 17. ______________________ 4. ______________________ 11. ______________________ 18. ______________________ 5. ______________________ 12. ______________________ 19. ______________________ 6. ______________________ 13. ______________________ 20. ______________________ 7. ______________________ 14. ______________________ 21. ______________________ 8 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 8 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com
USING THE DICTIONARY 2 Making friends with your dictionary is an important step toward building a better vocabulary. Notice the guide words at the top of A flatcar flesh each regular page in the dictionary. flat•car \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/ fleck \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ The guide word on the left is the first entry on the page. The word on the B right is the last entry. mow mulch mow \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/ mug•wump \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ \/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ A. Cross out the words that would not be defined on page A (as shown above). Then use your imagination—or check a dictionary—to list three words that would appear on that page. 1. flea falter flit flavor fledgling flout 2. ________________________, ________________________, ________________________ B. Look at the guide words at the top of page B above. Then circle the word that correctly completes each sentence. 1. Words that fall ( between / outside ) 3. You ( will / will not ) find the the guide words in the alphabet will word mugwump on page B. appear on that page. 4. You can probably find the 2. If you’re looking for the word word mullet on the page just motto, you will have to turn ( before / after ) page B. ( back / forward ) a page or two. C. Circle the words that would appear on each page shown below. peony perch devil diagnose pepsin pepperoni devious deviate perennial perdition dialect diameter percale perfunctory dewlap detrimental pentagon penurious diabetes diabolic Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 8 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 9
INFORMATION IN A DICTIONARY ENTRY 1 A dictionary entry provides much more than just the word’s definition! A dictionary entry lists inflected forms of the entry word. These forms include . . . PLURALS VERB TENSES COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES woman / women buy / bought / buying handy / handier / handiest fungus / fungi have / had / having good / better / best A. Check a dictionary if you need help spelling the plural of each word below. 1. bully ___________________________ 4. louse __________________________ 2. echo ___________________________ 5. alumnus _______________________ 3. solo ____________________________ 6. child __________________________ B. Check a dictionary if you need help completing the chart of verb tenses. PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PARTICIPLE 1. ______________________ ➪ rose ➪ rising 2. say ➪ ______________________ ➪ saying 3. begin ➪ began ➪ ______________________ 4. ______________________ ➪ thought ➪ thinking C. Check a dictionary if you need help identifying the comparative and superlative forms of each entry word. Circle the word or words that correctly complete(s) each sentence. 1. The superlative form of beautiful is ( beautifulest / most beautiful ). 2. The comparative form of gory is ( gorier / more gory ). 3. The superlative form of many is ( more / most ). 4. The comparative form of serious is ( more serious / seriouser ). 10 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 8 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com
INFORMATION IN A DICTIONARY ENTRY 2 A. Some words have more than one acceptable spelling. Remember that the preferred spelling is always listed first in a dictionary entry. Complete the word pairs below with either the preferred spelling or its less common alternate. 1. mustache / ____________________ 6. ____________________ / cagy 2. fulfill / ____________________ 7. coconut / ____________________ 3. ____________________ / jeweller 8. abridgment / ____________________ 4. ____________________ / quintette 5. cactuses / ____________________ B. Some dictionaries include a word’s etymology, or original source, before or after its definition. Draw a line to match each word with its origin. 1. orange a. from a Latin word meaning “to creep” 2. rhinoceros b. from the Latin noun meaning “tongue” 3. racket c. from naranja, the Spanish name for this fruit d. from two Greek words meaning “hose” and “horn” 4. serpent e. from an Arabic word meaning “palm of the hand” 5. poinsettia f. from Poinsett, the name of a U.S. ambassador to 6. language Mexico in the 1800s, who discovered the plant there 7. safari g. from an Arabic word meaning “to make a journey” Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 8 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 11
DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION 1 A word’s denotation is its literal meaning—the definition found in a dictionary. Then there’s connotation. . . . A word’s connotation is its implied meaning. Connotation arises from the ideas, emotions, and experiences associated with the word. Two words with nearly the same denotation may have quite different connotations. EXAMPLE: childish behavior (negative connotation suggesting inappropriate lack of maturity) childlike delight (positive connotation suggesting natural purity and innocence) A. Write P for positive or N for negative next to each word below. 1. _____ shifty 5. _____ hoax 9. _____ rattletrap 2. _____ dignified 6. _____ svelte 10. _____ deadwood 3. _____ delicate 7. _____ sturdy 11. _____ undertaker 4. _____ frail 8. _____ showy 12. _____ negotiate B. Words in the box are synonyms (with different connotations) of the boldface words. Write the matching word from the box next to each boldface word below. Hint: You will not use all the words. conspicuous cunning imply villain distort suggest investigate fascinated alibi squander struggle stalk 1. follow / ________________________ 6. apparent / _____________________ 2. spend / _________________________ 7. try / ___________________________ 3. interested / ____________________ 8. search / ________________________ 4. excuse / ________________________ 9. bend / __________________________ 5. clever / _________________________ 10. rascal / _________________________ 12 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 8 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com
DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION 2 Good communicators make sure the words they use don’t carry any “hidden baggage”! People use euphemisms to replace words that Dysphemisms are harsher words deliberately are thought to be too strong or unpleasant. used to replace neutral words. EXAMPLE: remains instead of corpse EXAMPLE: hustler instead of salesperson Complete the chart below with the euphemisms, dysphemisms, or neutral words in the word list. Hint: You will not use all the words. WORD LIST EUPHEMISM NEUTRAL WORD DYSPHEMISM economical 1. slender thin __________________ eat 2. sustenance __________________ grub observe jailbird 3. __________________ fire bounce frivolous 4. petite short __________________ enormous 5. expire __________________ croak food die 6. __________________ notice gawk scrawny 7. offender convict __________________ visitor 8. thrifty __________________ tightfisted inquisitive runty 9. __________________ playful goofy terminate 10. houseguest __________________ freeloader rabblerouser 11. scholar bookworm __________________ heretic corny 12. __________________ curious nosy grind 13. consume __________________ devour gullible Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 8 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 13
JUST FOR FUN: DICTIONARY CHALLENGE 1 Say what? Your friends will be amazed when you throw some of these words into your conversation! To answer the questions, study the dictionary definitions of the boldface words. 1. Would the words sorrel, piebald, or roan be used to describe a porcine or an equine animal? Explain your answer. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ 2. In what countries would you find Karoo and Karnak? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Would people be complimented on their turpitude or their rectitude? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Would it be a good idea to slather mayonnaise on your bouillabaisse? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. What kind of error might turn a virtuoso’s cheeks vermilion? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. Who would make the best stand-up comedian—a somnambulist or a satirist? Explain your answer. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Which might be tamed—a turret, a garret, or a ferret? What do the other two words mean? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 14 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 8 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com
JUST FOR FUN: DICTIONARY CHALLENGE 2 To answer the questions, study the dictionary definitions of the boldface words. 1. What does a troglodyte have in common with a bat? _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 2. Where would you find an epitaph for an epicure? What might the epitaph say? _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 3. In what country would you be likely to eat pizza on a piazza? Would you be outdoors or indoors? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Are polyandrists and polygynists guilty of polygamy? Explain your answer. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Which would you hire to provide entertainment at a children’s party— a prestidigitator or a mountebank? Explain why. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. Is a curmudgeon more likely to be curt or courteous? Explain your reasoning. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Who were the Kansa and the Karok? Where did they live? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 8 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 15
PRONUNCIATION: VOWEL SOUNDS 1 Correct pronunciation is crucial to an impressive spoken vocabulary! Did you know that the same vowel can make several different sounds? Which words below have the same vowel sound as the boldface example word in parentheses? Circle two words in each group. A SOUNDS E SOUNDS OSOUNDS 1. short A (cat) 1. short E (pet) 1. short O (hot) radio navy she next piano problem animal happen edge area opera yellow 2. long A (pay) 2. long E (me) 2. long O (go) rayon began enter legal poem ocean explain plant ever maybe plow clock 3. AL (all) 3. silent E (wise) 3. OU/OW (noun, now) comma walnut some place towel groan altar repay wheat deaf total hour 4. AR (care) 4. ER (her) 4. OI/OY (oil, toy) daring garden shower here count loyal scarce crawl fuel operate void yokel 5. AR (car) 5. schwa E (the) 5. broad O (off ) party square agent often coffee corner vary scar trek gone atom along 6. schwa A (ago) I SOUNDS 6. short OO (crook) label senator goose igloo raw agree 1. short I (pin) wooden wool little different girl wife 7. long OO (zoo) tool smooth 2. long I (ice) cookie football giant spider stir include 8. schwa O (other) frost weapon 3. IR (sir) ounce obstruct iris circus affirm variety 16 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 8 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com
PRONUNCIATION: VOWEL SOUNDS 2 A. Which words have the same vowel sound as the boldface example word in parentheses? Circle two words in each group. U SOUNDS 1. short U (cup) menu hundred uncle humid 2. long U (unit) pupil summer future curb 3. 1-dot U• (put) bullfrog surf ambush ruin 4. 2-dot U•• (rule) duty solution hurry bushel 5. UR (fur) occur urgent prune sugar B. Circle the word that correctly completes each sentence. Check the dictionary if you’re not sure. 1. The word heir rhymes with ( spear / where ). 2. The word sleigh rhymes with ( slash / hay ). 3. The word frown rhymes with ( noun / grown ). 4. The word facile rhymes with ( style / hassle ). 5. The word read rhymes with 8. The word brood rhymes with ( seed / road ). ( brook / crude ). 6. The word window rhymes with 9. The word freight rhymes with ( endow / although ). ( slate / fright ). 7. The word bouquet rhymes with 10. The word bough rhymes with ( banquet / hooray ). ( although / endow ). Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 8 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 17
PRONUNCIATION: SILENT LETTERS 1 Many English words have silent letters. Be sure to pronounce these words correctly! A. Say each word aloud. Then cross out two words in each group that do not have silent letters. Finally, write the silent letter on the line. The first one has been done for you. SILENT LETTER 1. _____c reject science fraction scissors 2. _____ snow answer shower wash 3. _____ rafter listen lofty catch 4. _____ album enamel walk would 5. _____ design twig night logic 6. _____ number dumb climbed tremble 7. _____ moist aisle fashion island 8. _____ knob monkey knowledge oak 9. _____ hymnal column condemn snare 10. _____ lumpy pneumonia respond psychic B. Think of a word with a silent letter that answers each question. Write it on the line. 1. What season of the year has a silent letter? _________________________________ 2. What part of your finger has a silent letter? _________________________________ 3. Which part of speech has a silent letter? ____________________________________ 4. What ordinary piece of silverware has a silent letter? _______________________ 18 Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 8 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com
PRONUNCIATION: SILENT LETTERS 2 A. To complete the sentences, unscramble the words containing silent letters. Use context clues for help. 1. “(STAF N E) ________________________ your seatbelt” is an important safety rule. 2. Most dogs just love to (WAN G) ________________________ on a bone. 3. The (S L AM P S) ________________________ are sacred songs in the Bible. 4. The baker must (AKD E N) ________________________ the bread dough before putting the loaf in the oven. 5. Some people (LE KE N) ________________________ when they pray. 6. “(PA S H D O RY) ________________________ in Blue” is one of George Gershwin’s best-known musical compositions. B. Use the clues to help you solve the crossword puzzle. Answers are words containing the silent letters shown in parentheses. ACROSS 3. (C) part of an act in a play 5. (H) end sounds in a poem 7. (G) tiny, annoying insect 8. (K) to do needlework with yarn 1 DOWN G 2 3 1. (G) folktale dwarf who lives R S 4 inside the earth W 5 R 2. (H) the musical beat 6 K 3. (C) odor or aroma 7 G 4. (W) tell a story on paper 6. (K) rap on a door to 8 K request entry Building Vocabulary Skills and Strategies, Level 8 • Saddleback Educational Publishing ©2004 • 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone (888) SDL-BACK • www.sdlback.com 19
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