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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING GRADUATION PROJECT CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY INDOCHINA ACM APARTMENT DESIGN DOCUMENT LECTURER: PHD. NGUYEN VAN HAU STUDENT: LE DUC VIET SKL 0 0 8 5 7 3 Ho Chi Minh City, July, 2022
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ~~~~~~*~~~~~~ GRADUATION PROJECT INDOCHINA ACM APARTMENT DESIGN DOCUMENT ADVISOR : PHD. NGUYỄN VĂN HẬU STUDENT : LÊ ĐỨC VIỆT ID : 18149345 Ho Chi Minh City, July 2022
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This graduation project would not have been possible without the exceptional support of my supervisor, Ph.D. Nguyễn Văn Hậu. His enthusiasm, knowledge and exacting attention to detail have been an inspiration and kept my work on track from my first encounter with concept drawings of Indochina ACM Apartment to the final draft of this graduation project. I am also grateful for all teachers in Faculty Civil Engineering – Hồ Chí Minh City University of Technology and Education. The generosity and expertise of them have improved this study in innumerable ways and saved me from many errors; those that inevitably remain are entirely my own responsibility. Finally, I wish to thank my parents for their support and encouragement throughout my study and this final project. Hồ Chí Minh City, July 15th ,2022 Student Lê Đức Việt
COMMITMENT I commit that this graduation project is entirely done by myself. All figures, contents, graphs, etc. in this project have never been published. Hồ Chí Minh City, July 15th ,2022 Student Lê Đức Việt
Name: Lê Đức Việt Department: Civil Engineering Specialization: Civil and Industrial Construction Engineering Technology Advisor: Ph.D. Nguyễn Văn Hậu Submitted date: July 15th, 2022 GRADUTION PROJECT SUMMARY Initial document (provided by advisor) ▪ Architecture drawings profile ▪ Geotechnical investigation report Project contents ▪ Model, analysis, calculate, design rooftop water tank ▪ Model, analysis, calculate, design typical floor ▪ Model, analysis, calculate, design shear wall – core system including beams, shear walls and shift core ▪ Model, analysis, calculate, design foundation ▪ Construct piles ▪ Model infill walls, analysis and calculate soft-storey effect Results ▪ 1 document and 1 appendix document ▪ 18 detail drawings Hồ Chí Minh City, July 15th ,2022 Advisor Student Ph.D. Nguyễn Văn Hậu Lê Đức Việt
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. OVERVIEW OF BUILDING’S ARCHITECTURE ..............................1 Project introduction .............................................................................................1 Architectural features - solutions.........................................................................3 1.2.1. Floor plan – functional subdivision..............................................................3 1.2.2. Traffic system...............................................................................................5 CHAPTER 2. OVERVIEW OF BUILDING’S STRUCTURE .....................................6 Design material....................................................................................................6 2.1.1. Standards – regulations applied....................................................................6 2.1.2. Software used ...............................................................................................7 2.1.3. Calculation principles...................................................................................7 2.1.4. Material criteria ............................................................................................8 Structural plan .....................................................................................................9 2.2.1. Structural plan for vertical load....................................................................9 2.2.2. Structural plan for lateral load....................................................................10 Preliminary cross-sectional dimensions ............................................................10 CHAPTER 3. LOADS AND ACTIONS......................................................................11 Static load..........................................................................................................11 3.1.1. Loads the structural floor layers.................................................................11 3.1.2. Loads of masonry wall ...............................................................................12 Live load............................................................................................................15 Wind load ..........................................................................................................16 3.3.1. Static wind load..........................................................................................16 3.3.2. Dynamic wind load.....................................................................................18 Seismic load.......................................................................................................26 3.4.1. Oscillation analysis in seismic load calculation.........................................26 3.4.2. Calculation of earthquakes by response spectrum analysis method...........27 3.4.3. Features of earthquake calculation.............................................................27 3.4.4. Calculation and combination of oscillation seismic modes........................30 Load combination..............................................................................................34 3.5.1. Load Patterns..............................................................................................34 3.5.2. Load Cases..................................................................................................35 3.5.3. Load combinations .....................................................................................35
CHAPTER 4. CHECKING SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE (SLS).................... 37 Factors to consider before running ETABS...................................................... 37 4.1.1. Stiffness modifiers ..................................................................................... 37 4.1.2. Automatic rigid-zone area over column/shear wall................................... 38 Checking the condition of anti-overturning stability........................................ 38 Checking the condition of peak acceleration.................................................... 39 Checking the condition of peak displacement .................................................. 39 Checking the condition of drift......................................................................... 41 Checking the P-Delta effect.............................................................................. 43 CHAPTER 5. ROOFTOP WATER TANK DESIGN................................................. 46 Design parameters............................................................................................. 46 5.1.1. Water supply in the building...................................................................... 46 5.1.2. Preliminary dimensions of slabs, beams and columns............................... 47 5.1.3. Preliminary dimensions of rooftop water tank........................................... 47 5.1.4. Materials used ............................................................................................ 48 Live load ........................................................................................................... 49 5.2.1. Roof slab.................................................................................................... 49 5.2.2. Side wall..................................................................................................... 49 5.2.3. Floor slab.................................................................................................... 51 Load patterns and load combinations................................................................ 51 Rooftop water tank modeling............................................................................ 52 Calculation of rooftop water tank ..................................................................... 53 5.5.1. Analysis of roof slab, side wall, floor slab................................................. 53 5.5.2. Calculation of roof slab girders, floor slab girders .................................... 68 5.5.3. Calculation of columns .............................................................................. 70 CHAPTER 6. TYPICAL FLOOR DESIGN................................................................ 72 Applying load.................................................................................................... 72 Analytical and calculated model....................................................................... 72 6.2.1. Get internal force from SAFE model......................................................... 73 6.2.2. Calculation of longitudinal reinforcement................................................. 74 6.2.3. Checking crack formation and expansion.................................................. 77 6.2.4. Check deflection ........................................................................................ 83 CHAPTER 7. BEAM, SHEAR WALL & CORE DESIGN........................................ 84 Typical floor beam design................................................................................. 84
7.1.1. Calculation beam modeling........................................................................84 7.1.2. Calculation of beam reinforcement ............................................................84 7.1.3. Calculation results of beams for typical floors...........................................91 Shear wall design...............................................................................................92 7.2.1. Calculation of shear wall reinforcement.....................................................92 7.2.2. Calculation results of shear wall.................................................................95 Core wall design................................................................................................96 7.3.1. Calculation theory ......................................................................................96 7.3.2. Calculation of typical element....................................................................97 CHAPTER 8. FOUNDATION DESIGN...................................................................101 Geological characteristics................................................................................101 Choose a foundation design option .................................................................103 Design parameters ...........................................................................................104 8.3.1. Pile parameters .........................................................................................104 8.3.2. Pile load capacity by material...................................................................105 8.3.3. Pile load capacity according to mechanical criteria .................................107 8.3.4. Pile load capacity according to strength criteria.......................................110 8.3.5. Pile load capacity according to SPT index...............................................112 8.3.6. Design load capacity of the pile ...............................................................113 8.3.7. Field test by axially pressed static load....................................................114 Calculation of core wall foundation P01-M....................................................116 8.4.1. Determine the number of piles .................................................................116 8.4.2. Check pile cap reaction.............................................................................117 8.4.3. Check the ground stability at the bottom of conventional foundation .....119 8.4.4. Check settlement conditions.....................................................................122 8.4.5. Calculation of the structural foundation...................................................123 Calculation of column foundation...................................................................125 8.5.1. Design parameters ....................................................................................125 8.5.2. Determine the number of piles .................................................................126 8.5.3. Check pile cap reaction.............................................................................126 8.5.4. Check the ground stability at the bottom of conventional foundation .....127 8.5.5. Check settlement conditions.....................................................................128 8.5.6. Calculation of structural foundation.........................................................128 Foundation beam design..................................................................................129
CHAPTER 9. BORED PILE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS................................... 130 Overview......................................................................................................... 130 9.1.1. Overview of the project (Chapter 1) ........................................................ 130 9.1.2. Overview of construction conditions....................................................... 130 Design bored pile construction ....................................................................... 130 9.2.1. Selection of bored pile construction technology...................................... 130 Construction sequence of bored piles ............................................................. 131 9.3.1. Preparation ............................................................................................... 131 9.3.2. Locating the center of pile ....................................................................... 132 9.3.3. Lowering the casing................................................................................. 132 9.3.4. Drill holes for bored piles. ....................................................................... 133 9.3.5. Dredging and checking borehole depth ................................................... 135 9.3.6. Processing and lowering the steel cage.................................................... 135 9.3.7. Installing concrete pouring pipes (Tremie pipes) .................................... 137 9.3.8. Blowout the borehole............................................................................... 138 9.3.9. Concrete pouring of bored piles............................................................... 139 9.3.10. Remove the casing, and complete the construction work...................... 139 9.3.11. Organize the construction of bored piles ............................................... 140 CHAPTER 10. MASONRY INFILLS & SOFT STORY EFFECT.......................... 148 Introduce masonry infills and soft storey effect............................................ 148 Modeling of masonry infill in ETABS ......................................................... 151 10.2.1. Review of models for infilled frame structures ..................................... 151 10.2.2. Modeling as four nodded quadrilateral shell element............................ 151 10.2.3. Modeling as equivalent double diagonal strut ....................................... 152 Analysis equivalent frame building .............................................................. 153 10.3.1. Equivalent model considered for analysis ............................................. 153 10.3.2. Analysis of the equivalent building ....................................................... 154 10.3.3. Conclusion for equivalent frame building ............................................. 160 Analysis project building.............................................................................. 160 10.4.1. Model considered for analysis ............................................................... 160 10.4.2. Response spectrum analysis considered for analysis............................. 162 10.4.3. Analysis of the building......................................................................... 163 10.4.4. Conclusion for project building ............................................................. 170 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................ 171
LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1. Standards – regulations applied ....................................................................6 Table 2-2. Software used................................................................................................7 Table 2-3. Compare methods of determining internal force ..........................................7 Table 2-4. Parameters of concrete materials used..........................................................8 Table 2-5. Parameters of reinforcement materials used .................................................8 Table 2-6. Concrete cover (a0) min according to QCVN 06.2020.BXD........................9 Table 2-7. Protective concrete layer (a0) min according to TCVN 5574 – 2018...........9 Table 2-8. Evaluation of structural options’ suitability to withstand vertical loads.......9 Table 2-9. Evaluation of structural options’ suitability to withstand lateral loads.......10 Table 2-10. Preliminary dimensions of components....................................................10 Table 3-1. Finishing load on the basement floor..........................................................11 Table 3-2. Finishing load on apartments, corridors......................................................11 Table 3-3. Finishing load on toilet ...............................................................................11 Table 3-4. Finishing load on roof.................................................................................12 Table 3-5. Loads of masonry wall................................................................................12 Table 3-6. Calculating wall load applied on 1st floor...................................................13 Table 3-7. Calculating wall load applied on technical, 2nd → 4th floor........................14 Table 3-8. Calculating wall load applied on refuge, 5th → 30th floor, terrace..............15 Table 3-9. Live load value according to TCVN 2737 - 1995.......................................15 Table 3-10. Calculation results of static wind load......................................................17 Table 3-11. Modal Participating Mass Ratios..............................................................19 Table 3-12. Consider the oscillations of the first 5 modes...........................................19 Table 3-13. Necessary parameters for oscillation modes.............................................21 Table 3-14. Standard value of dynamic wind load for mode 11 ..................................21 Table 3-15. Standard value of dynamic wind load for mode 4 ....................................22 Table 3-16. The result of the total wind load ...............................................................24 Table 3-17. Percentage participation in mass oscillations in the X, Y directions........26 Table 3-18. Modes and methods of calculation............................................................27 Table 3-19. Coefficients in seismic calculation............................................................29 Table 3-20. Horizontal displacement of calculated oscillations...................................30 Table 3-21. Effective mass of calculated oscillations ..................................................31 Table 3-22. Ground parameters....................................................................................31
Table 3-23. Design spectrum of calculated oscillations .............................................. 31 Table 3-24. General calculation of base shear forces .................................................. 32 Table 3-25. Distribution of lateral forces on floors ..................................................... 32 Table 3-26. General the result of seismic forces.......................................................... 33 Table 3-27. Load Patterns............................................................................................ 34 Table 3-28. Load Cases................................................................................................ 35 Table 3-29. Floor load combination............................................................................. 35 Table 3-30. Frame-wall-core load combination........................................................... 36 Table 3-31. Load combination to check peak acceleration, peak displacement.......... 36 Table 3-32. Checking combination for drift, displacement, P-Delta effect................. 36 Table 4-1. Stiffness Modifiers in ETABS.................................................................... 37 Table 4-2. Checking peak displacement of the building.............................................. 41 Table 4-3. Reduction factor 𝜈 ...................................................................................... 41 Table 4-4. Checking sensitivity coefficient between floors......................................... 44 Table 5-1. Preliminary dimensions of rooftop water tank ........................................... 48 Table 5-2. Loads of layers applying on roof slab ........................................................ 49 Table 5-3. Loads of layers applying on side wall ........................................................ 49 Table 5-4. Wind pressure acting on the tank ............................................................... 50 Table 5-5. Loads of layers applying on floor slab ....................................................... 51 Table 5-6. Load Patterns.............................................................................................. 51 Table 5-7. Load Cases.................................................................................................. 51 Table 5-8. Load combination....................................................................................... 52 Table 5-9. Internal force moments of roof slab, floor slab and side wall.................... 55 Table 5-10. Reinforcement of roof slab, floor slab and side wall................................ 56 Table 5-11. Live load................................................................................................... 57 Table 5-12. Internal force moments of top and bottom beams.................................... 68 Table 5-13. Reinforcement of beams........................................................................... 69 Table 5-14. Check the calculation conditions of shear reinforcement......................... 70 Table 6-1. Calculation table of floor reinforcement area in X direction...................... 75 Table 6-2. Calculation table of floor reinforcement area in Y direction...................... 76 Table 6-3. Applying load ............................................................................................. 77 Table 6-4. The time dependent parameter for ℎ𝑠 = 250 𝑚𝑚..................................... 77 Table 6-5. Calculation parameters ............................................................................... 79 Table 6-6. Comparing crack calculation results by software and manual ................... 82
Table 7-1. Summary table of 26th floor beams from ETABS.......................................84 Table 7-2. Result of internal force of beam B1............................................................85 Table 7-3. Beam reinforcement....................................................................................91 Table 7-4. Results of internal force of the shear wall P1 .............................................92 Table 7-5. Check the inclined section conditions.........................................................94 Table 7-6. Reinforcement of shear wall P1 for 26th floor.............................................95 Table 7-7. Core cross-sectional characteristics ............................................................98 Table 7-8. Results of the internal force of lift core ......................................................99 Table 7-9. Check the inclined section conditions.......................................................100 Table 8-1. Table of soil characteristics.......................................................................101 Table 8-2. Results of soil physical indicators and mechanical behavior....................102 Table 8-3. Design parameters of bored piles..............................................................105 Table 8-4. K-statistics of soil layers...........................................................................106 Table 8-5. Values of pile shaft strength resistance.....................................................109 Table 8-6. Values of pile shaft strength resistance.....................................................111 Table 8-7. Values of pile shaft strength resistance.....................................................113 Table 8-8. Summary of pile design parameters..........................................................114 Table 8-9. Table of experimental procedures.............................................................115 Table 8-10. Define shear modulus 𝐺..........................................................................118 Table 8-11. Calculation results of the coefficients of the foundation ........................121 Table 8-12. Calculation results of core foundation settlement...................................123 Table 8-13. Calculating the reinforcement of the foundation ....................................124 Table 8-14. Design parameters of bored piles for column foundation.......................125 Table 8-15. Summary of pile design parameters for column foundations .................126 Table 8-16. Coefficients for calculating single pile settlement for column piles.......126 Table 8-17. Parameters...............................................................................................127 Table 8-18. Coefficients for calculating ground stability for column piles................127 Table 8-19. Calculation results of column foundation settlement..............................128 Table 8-20. Calculating the reinforcement of the foundation ....................................128 Table 8-21. Calculation reinforcement for foundation beams....................................129 Table 9-1. Parameters of the pile................................................................................140 Table 9-2. The degree of attenuation of the speed of sound waves on the pile body.147 Table 10-1. Equations to determine the effective strut width w.................................152 Table 10-2. Soft-Storey Irregularity Check for Model 1............................................155
Table 10-3. Soft-Storey Irregularity Check for Model 1a ......................................... 156 Table 10-4. Soft-Storey Irregularity Check for Model 2 ........................................... 157 Table 10-5. Soft-Storey Irregularity Check for Model 2a ......................................... 158 Table 10-6. Stiffness Difference between micro-modelling and macro-modelling... 159 Table 10-7. Soft-Storey Irregularity Check for Model 3 ........................................... 164 Table 10-8. Soft-Storey Irregularity Check for Model 4 ........................................... 165 Table 10-9. Soft-Storey Irregularity Check for Model 4a ......................................... 166 Table 10-10. Comparison of Base Shear with infill panel for ESA and RSA........... 167 Table 10-11. Drift for building models along Longitudinal direction....................... 167 Table 10-12. Displacement for models along Longitudinal direction....................... 169
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1. Indochina ACM Apartment 30 Floors.........................................................1 Figure 1-2. Location of the construction site..................................................................1 Figure 1-3. Building’s side elevation .............................................................................2 Figure 1-4. Basement 1 plan...........................................................................................3 Figure 1-5. Ground floor plan.........................................................................................4 Figure 1-6. 2nd floor plan................................................................................................4 Figure 1-7. Typical floors plan.......................................................................................5 Figure 1-8. Roof terrace plan..........................................................................................5 Figure 3-1. Calculating wall load applied on 1st floor..................................................13 Figure 3-2. Calculating wall load applied on technical, 2nd → 4th floor ......................14 Figure 3-3. Calculating wall load applied on refuge, 5th → 30th floor, terrace ............15 Figure 3-4. Basic vibration modes and 3D analysis models of the building................18 Figure 4-1. Wall’s stiffness modifiers..........................................................................38 Figure 4-2. Option “Include Automatic Rigid Zone Area Over Column/Wall”..........38 Figure 4-3. Maximum peak displacement in X direction.............................................40 Figure 4-4. Maximum peak displacement in Y direction.............................................40 Figure 4-5. Maximum drift in X direction....................................................................42 Figure 4-6. Maximum drift in Y direction....................................................................42 Figure 4-7. Checking the P-Delta effect in X and Y direction.....................................43 Figure 5-1. Water tank height dimension.....................................................................47 Figure 5-2. Layers of roof slab.....................................................................................49 Figure 5-3. Water pressure on side wall.......................................................................50 Figure 5-4. Structural roof slab plan.............................................................................52 Figure 5-5. Structural floor slab plan ...........................................................................53 Figure 5-6. 3D rooftop water tank modeling by SAP2000...........................................53 Figure 5-7. Diagram of internal force at roof slab, floor slab and side wall ................54 Figure 5-8. Load Case Data crc1- Nonlinear Static......................................................58 Figure 5-9. Load Case Data crc2- Nonlinear Static......................................................59 Figure 5-10. Load Case Data crc3- Nonlinear Static....................................................59 Figure 5-11. Cracking Analysis Options......................................................................60 Figure 5-12. Material definition B35 → 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 = 2.9MPa...........................................61 Figure 5-13. Floor Cracking Analysis Parameters .......................................................61
Figure 5-14. Load Combinations for acrc-daihan, acrc-nganhan ................................ 62 Figure 5-15. Comparison of the maximum crack spacing........................................... 62 Figure 5-16. EC2 – 2004 Parameters........................................................................... 63 Figure 5-17. Cracks analysis results ............................................................................ 64 Figure 5-18. Load Case Data f1- Nonlinear Static....................................................... 65 Figure 5-19. Load Case Data f2- Nonlinear Static....................................................... 66 Figure 5-20. Load Case Data f3- Nonlinear Static....................................................... 66 Figure 5-21. Load Combinations for f ......................................................................... 67 Figure 5-22. Deflection analysis results....................................................................... 67 Figure 5-23. Internal force of the top and bottom beams............................................. 68 Figure 5-24. Column internal force.............................................................................. 71 Figure 5-25. Design steel area of column .................................................................... 71 Figure 6-1. Typical floor plan...................................................................................... 72 Figure 6-2. Typical floor model in SAFE software ..................................................... 72 Figure 6-3. Moment M11............................................................................................. 73 Figure 6-4. Moment M22............................................................................................. 73 Figure 6-5. Strip Layer A moment............................................................................... 73 Figure 6-6. Strip Layer B moment............................................................................... 74 Figure 6-7. Crack analysis results................................................................................ 78 Figure 6-8. Deflection analysis results......................................................................... 83 Figure 7-1. Floor plan layout ....................................................................................... 84 Figure 7-2. Transverse reinforcement in the beam’s critical region............................ 89 Figure 7-3. Hanging reinforcement in two beams intersection’s area......................... 89 Figure 7-4. Internal forces applying on a single shear wall......................................... 92 Figure 7-5. Divide the wall element............................................................................. 97 Figure 7-6. Core section characteristics when using Massprop command.................. 97 Figure 8-1. Foundations and foundation beams layout plan...................................... 103 Figure 8-2. Pile depth................................................................................................. 104 Figure 8-3. Reduction height ℎ𝑑................................................................................ 107 Figure 8-4. Determined ℎ𝑑 ........................................................................................ 108 Figure 8-5. Non-draining adhesive force 𝑐𝑢,𝑖 chart.................................................. 111 Figure 8-6. Determinate 𝛼𝑝 chart .............................................................................. 113 Figure 8-7. Dimensions of piles................................................................................. 117 Figure 8-8. Result of pile cap reaction at core foundation......................................... 119
Figure 8-9. Conventional foundation boundary when checking bottom’s stability...119 Figure 8-10. Moment value as color spectrum...........................................................123 Figure 8-11. Envelope moment value according to the strip of foundation...............124 Figure 8-12. Design of bored piles for column foundation........................................125 Figure 8-13. Foundation beams model in SAFE........................................................129 Figure 9-1. Construction sequence of bored piles......................................................131 Figure 9-2. Casing ......................................................................................................132 Figure 9-3. Some types of drill buckets......................................................................133 Figure 9-4. Drilling work to create holes ...................................................................134 Figure 9-5. Check borehole bottom depth..................................................................135 Figure 9-6. Steel cage work........................................................................................136 Figure 9-7. Arrangement of concrete millets and ultrasonic tubes.............................137 Figure 9-8. Steel cage lowering work.........................................................................137 Figure 9-9. Concrete pouring pipe..............................................................................138 Figure 9-10. Blowout the borehole by compressed air method..................................138 Figure 9-11. Concrete pouring of bored piles.............................................................139 Figure 9-12. Casing removal work.............................................................................140 Figure 9-13. Pile crane machine.................................................................................143 Figure 10-1. Multistorey building collapse in Loma Prieta Earthquake ....................149 Figure 10-2. Typical soft storey failure in Bhuj Earthquake......................................150 Figure 10-3. Soft story shear failure Gorkha earthquake ...........................................150 Figure 10-4. L-shaped hospital collapse in San Fernando Earthquake ......................150 Figure 10-5. Four nodded quadrilateral element........................................................151 Figure 10-6. Equivalent double diagonal strut ...........................................................153 Figure 10-7. Plan & elevation of equivalent building models with infill panels .......154 Figure 10-8. Isometric view of model 3 (Refuge floor).............................................160 Figure 10-9. Isometric view of model 4 (Refuge floor).............................................161 Figure 10-10. Isometric view of model 4a (Refuge floor) .........................................161 Figure 10-11. TCVN 9386 – 2012 Function Definition.............................................162 Figure 10-12. Set Preset P-Delta ................................................................................162 Figure 10-13. Define load case for response spectrum analysis.................................163 Figure 10-14. Comparison of base shear with infill panel for ESA and RSA............167 Figure 10-15. Drift for building models along Longitudinal direction ......................168 Figure 10-16. Displacement for building models along Longitudinal direction........170
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